干扰素-γ在肾间质纤维化中的作用

近年的体内外研究中 ,干扰素的抗纤维化作用得到了初步证实 ,其中干扰素 -γ的特点在于 :与干扰素α/ β相比 ,它具有更强大的抗纤维化的作用。在许多细胞系中 ,干扰素 -γ能抑制细胞生长 ,增殖 ,转分化 ,下调胶原合成。干扰素 -γ抗肝纤维化作用已在体外和动物实验研究中取得了较大的进展 ,据此推测它在治疗肾脏纤维化方面可能具有潜在的应用前景。本文就干扰素 -γ的抗肾脏纤维化作用及影响其作用的因素展开综述。　　 1　干扰素 -γ的基因和蛋白质特点1.1　干扰素 -γ的基因特点　人干扰素按细胞来源分为α、β、γ三个亚型。干扰素 -α…     

肾清饮对腺嘌呤致大鼠肾间质纤维化的防治作用

目的观察肾清饮对大鼠肾问质纤维化的影响,并探讨其机制。方法将56只大鼠随机分为正常对照组（C组）、模型组（M组）和药物干预组,药物干预组包括肾清饮预防组（S组）、肾清饮低剂量组（SL组）、肾清饮高剂量组（SH组）、苯那普利组（B组）、肾清饮＋苯那普利组（S＋B组）,每组8只。对M组和药物干预组大鼠采用腺嘌呤灌胃法建立肾间质纤维化动物模型。M组给予腺嘌呤灌胃,第4～6周给予蒸馏水灌胃;S组前3周同时给予腺嘌呤及肾清饮（0．4ml／d）灌胃,每毫升肾清饮含生药2．4g,第4～6周给予肾清饮（0．4ml／d）灌胃;SL组和SH组前3周给予腺嘌呤灌胃,第4～6周给予肾清饮灌胃,剂量分别为0．4ml／d和1．2ml／d;B组前3周给予腺嘌呤灌胃,第4～6周给予盐酸苯那普利灌胃,剂量为10mg·kg^-1·d^-1;S＋B组前3周给予腺嘌呤灌胃,第4～6周同时给予盐酸贝那普利（10mg·kg^-1·d^-1）及肾清饮（0．4ml／d）灌胃。比较各组大鼠血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、24h尿蛋白定量、血浆内皮素1（ET-1）水平、肾组织病理学表现、问质纤维化指数评分及肾组织Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）mRNA表达。结果与C组相比,M组SCr、BUN、24h尿蛋白定量和血浆ET-1水平及肾组织Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和转化生长因子B1（TGF-β1）mRNA表达显著升高（P〈0．01）;与M组相比,各药物干预组SCr、BUN、24h尿蛋白定量和血浆ET-1水平及肾组织Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和TGF-β1 mRNA表达显著降低（P〈0．01）,肾间质纤维化程度减轻（P〈0．05）;各药物干预组之间相比,s组SCr、BUN、24h尿蛋白定量和血浆ET-1水平及肾组织Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原和TGF-131mRNA表达降低最显著（P〈0．01）。结论肾清饮可延缓肾间质纤维化,减少尿蛋白,改善肾功能。     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

目的 研究低蛋白饮食对环孢素A（CsA）肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化有无保护作用。 方法 给SD大鼠低盐饮食并注射CsA制作模型。观察对照组、模型组及低蛋白饮食组大鼠的体质量、肾功能、血生化指标及肾脏病理变化,并用实时定量PCR及免疫组化方法检测肾组织转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）和Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ） mRNA及蛋白的表达变化。 结果 模型组和低蛋白饮食组大鼠体质量均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）;低蛋白饮食组体质量也显著低于模型组（P < 0.05）。模型组和低蛋白饮食组Ccr均显著低于对照组[（0.65±0.15） ml/min、（0.40±0.13） ml/min 比（1.55±0.29） ml/min,P < 0.05],低蛋白饮食组也显著低于模型组（P < 0.05）。模型组及低蛋白饮食组尿渗透浓度均低于对照组（P > 0.05及P < 0.05）。模型组及低蛋白饮食组血清胆固醇均高于对照组（P < 0.05）,而血钙及血清白蛋白无明显变化（P > 0.05）。模型组和低蛋白饮食组肾间质纤维化面积均显著高于对照组（3.60%±0.46%、3.26%±0.75%比0.44%±0.24%,P < 0.05）,而此两组间差异无统计学意义。模型组和低蛋白饮食组TGF-β1及ColⅠ的mRNA及蛋白质表达均较对照组显著上调（P < 0.05）,而两组间差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 低蛋白饮食对CsA肾病大鼠肾损害没有保护作用,反而可能引起大鼠体质量下降。     

肾清饮对肾间质纤维化大鼠Ⅰ型胶原及TGF—β1表达的影响

目的：探讨中药复方肾清饮（SQY）对实验性大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响及其机制。方法：40只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型组、SQY预防组、SQY治疗组和苯那普利组,每组8只。适应性饲养1周后,除正常对照组外其余均采用腺嘌呤灌胃法建立大鼠肾间质纤维化动物模型,6周后采血分离血浆测定内皮素-1（ET-1）含量,处死大鼠,分离肾脏,应用HE及Masson染色,观察肾脏组织病理学改变,免疫组化方法检测肾组织Ⅰ型胶原（ColⅠ）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的表达。结果：肾清饮及苯那普利各组可减轻肾小管-间质损害及纤维化程度;免疫组化半定量分析显示各治疗组肾脏ColⅠ、TGF-β1的表达量和血浆ET-1含量均少于模型组（P〈0．05）。结论：肾清饮有防治肾间质纤维化的作用,其机制可能是通过减少肾组织ColⅠ的沉积、减少血浆ET-1含量和降低肾组织TGF-β1表达而发挥作用。     

17-β雌二醇对肾间质纤维化防治作用的探讨

目的探讨17-β雌二醇对肾间质纤维化防治作用可能的机制。方法雌性SD大鼠30只,随机分为4组：①对照组;②生理雌激素组;③低雌激素组;④17-β雌二醇组。21d后光镜观察单侧梗阻肾组织病理改变;通过免疫组化方法检测转化生长因子（TGF-β1）、α-平滑肌动蛋白（α-SMA）;并用RT-PCR方法检测肾组织α-SMAmRNA的表达。结果单侧输尿管梗阻各组出现肾小管间质纤维化改变,其肾组织TGF-β1。和α-SMA表达上调（P〈0．01）;与生理雌激素组相比,低雌激素组纤维化病变加重,上述物质表达均明显增多（P〈0．05）;而17-β雌二醇组则病变均减轻（P〈0．05）。结论注射17-β雌二醇可能通过下调TGF-β1,和α-SMA的表达,抑制细胞外基质的生成,进而韶到延绣肾间后纤维化的作用．     

益气清利化瘀方对梗阻性肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化作用机制研究

目的:研究益气清利化瘀方对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)模型大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响及可能作用机制。方法:将48只SD大鼠随机分为6组,每组8只,分别为假手术组、模型组、科素亚组、中药小剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药大剂量组;大鼠采用UUO模型;中药组用益气清利化瘀方小、中、大剂量配方颗粒,西药用氯沙坦钾片,术后2 d开始给药,2周后处死大鼠,肾脏组织予光镜观察及免疫组化法检测α-SMA、TGF-β₁、Smad2和Smad7的表达;Western Blot方法检测肾组织TGF-β₁、Smad7蛋白的表达;血清予检测血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿酸(UA)和白蛋白(Alb)。结果:与模型组比较,中药大剂量组肾小管正常结构存在,炎症细胞浸润少。治疗后各组Scr、UA较模型组均有下降,其中血Scr下降明显,中药大剂量组和中剂量组优于其他组(P<0.01);免疫组化显示各治疗组α-SMA、TGF-β₁减少,Smad2表达减弱,Smad7的表达升高,以中药大剂量组改变最明显(P<0.01);Western Blot检测显...     

肾纤康抗大鼠肾间质纤维化的实验研究

目的:探讨肾纤康防治肾间质纤维化的作用机制.方法:将大鼠随机分为4组,即假手术组、模型组、肾纤康组、苯那普利组,采用左侧输尿管梗阻方法造模,用免疫组织化学方法作肾间质转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Ⅲ型胶原(ColⅢ)、纤维连结蛋白(FN)检测,并观察肾脏病理学变化.结果:模型组和各治疗组肾间质TGF-β1、ColⅢ、FN面积比明显增加,与假手术组相比统计学差异(P＜0.05).与模型组相比,肾纤康治疗组、苯那普利治疗组肾间质TGF-β1、ColⅢ、FN面积比减少,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).肾纤康组与苯那普利组肾间质TGF-β1、ColⅢ、FN面积比无统计学差异.结论:肾纤康通过下调TGF-β1在肾间质的表达,抑制ECM的增生、积聚,防止肾间质纤维化,对大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻所致肾损害有明显保护作用,其作用与苯那普利相当.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

肾衰保肾胶囊对肾间质纤维化大鼠TGF—β1及其受体mRNA表达的影响

目的：研究肾衰保肾胶囊对慢性肾衰竭大鼠转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）及其受体mRNA表达的影响，探讨该药物抗肾间质纤维化的机制。方法：建立腺嘌呤致大鼠慢性肾衰竭模型，通过免疫组化二步法、半定量RT—PCR分别检测TGF-β1及其受体mRNA的表达水平。结果：肾衰保肾胶囊明显抑制TGF-β1及其受体mRNA的表达，治疗组与模型组比较，有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。结论：肾衰保肾胶囊能抑制肾间质纤维化，其机制可能是通过抑制TGF-β1及其受体mRNA的表达起作用。     

γ干扰素对小鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤后转化生长因子-β-Smad信号通路表达的影响

目的 观察γ干扰素(IFN-γ)局部注射对小鼠骨骼肌钝挫伤后纤维化以及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)-Smad信号通路表达的影响.方法 将30只成年雌性C57bl小鼠随机分为正常组(A组)、磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)注射组(B组)和hIFN-γ注射组(C组),每组10只.B、C组采用50g钢球于30cm高度下砸的方法 造成双侧腓肠肌钝挫伤,分别于伤后1、2、3周局部皮下注射0.1ml PBS或hIFN-γ,A组不行任何处理;4周后取双侧腓肠肌检测.以Masson染色后计算胶原纤维面积评估骨骼肌纤维化程度,Western blot检测TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad4、Smad7蛋白表达水平.结果 Masson染色显示B组胶原面积最大为(14074.0±15.2)μm2(P<0.05),C组为(4019.0±13.4)μm2高于A组(1741.0±10.1)μm2(P<0.05);TGF-β1在B、C组表达增高(P<0.05),但两组之间表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组间Smad4、7的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Smad2、3及其磷酸化蛋白在B、C组表达升高(P<0.05),其中磷酸化的Smad2、3 在C组较B组表达明显降低(P<0.05).结论 局部注射hIFN-γ,未发现影响TGF-β1的表达,但能够有效降低Smad2、3磷酸化蛋白的表达,可能是其抑制损伤骨骼肌纤维化的作用机制.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the influence of local injection of human interferon γ (hIFN-γ) on the fibrosis and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad signal pathway in the skeletal muscle following acute contusion. Methods Thirty female C57bl mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as A, B and C. The mice in groups B and C were injured by heavy hit of a 50 g ball from 30 cm height to establish gastrocnemius contusion models, and then subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml PBS and hIFN-γ respectively. No interference was given to group A. All mice were sacrificed 4 weeks later to harvest the gastrocnemius. Fibrosis was estimated by calculating collagen areas on masson staining section. Expression of the proteins as TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7 was detected by Western blotting. Results The collagen area on masson staining section of group B was the greatest as (14 074.0±15.2) μm2, and that in group C was (4019.0±13.4) μm2, greater than that in group A (1741.0±10.1) μm2 (P<0.05). The level of TGF-β1 was increased in both groups B and C, but without statistically significant difference between them (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in Smad4 and Smad7 protein expression among three groups (P>0.05). Total Smad2 and Smad3 were increased in groups B and C but without significant difference (P>0.05). Phosphorylated Smad2/3 level was also increased in both groups B and C, and that was lower in group C (P<0.05). Conclusion Without influence on the expression of TGF-β1, local injection of hIFN-γ could reduce the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 significantly, which probably contributed to the suppression of fibrosis within injured skeletal muscle.     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在肾间质纤维化中的表达及意义

目的：探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）致肾间质纤维化的作用。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（SOR）和单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）模型组。术后第3天,第7天,第14天各处死大鼠10只,肾组织行HE染色并观察病理变化。采用免疫组织化学和荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（Q-RT-PCR）法检测肾脏组织中HIF-1α、CTGF、TGF-β1蛋白和mRNA表达。结果：与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠肾脏病理损害进行性加重;HIF-1α、CTGF、TGF-β1蛋白表达随梗阻时间的延长逐渐增加;与假手术组相比HIF-lα、CTGF、TGF-β1mRNA表达明显增加（P〈0.05）;相关分析显示,模型组第3天HIF-lαmRNA表达与CTGFmRNA,TGF-β1mRNA表达分别呈正相关（r=0.748,0.659,P〈0.05）,模型组第7天组HIF-1αmRNA分别和CTGFmRNA、TGF-β1mRNA呈正相关（分别为r=0.663,0.645,P〈0.05）,模型组第14天组HIF-1αmRNA分别和CTGFmRNA、TGF-β1mRNA呈正相关（分别为r=0.515,0.752,P〈0.05）。结论：HIF-1α可能通过调节CTGF、TGF-β1的表达参与了肾间质纤维化发生和发展的过程。