宫颈癌前哨淋巴结检测的初步探讨

背景与目的：近几年已开展宫颈癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)的研究,目前影响宫颈癌SLN的检出还存在很多未知因素。本研究使用亚甲蓝作为示踪剂检测宫颈癌SLN,分析影响SLN检出的因素。方法：41例宫颈癌Ⅰbt～Ⅲb)期患者,术前90～400min在宫颈瘤周分4～6点注射亚甲蓝2～4ml,蓝染淋巴结即定为SLN,术后将SLN行多层切片HE染色和细胞角蛋白(cytokeratin,CK)免疫组化,其余淋巴结作常规病理检查,根据SLN检出率、假阴性率来探讨使用亚甲蓝检测宫颈癌SLN的影响因素。结果：41例中,31例成功定位出SLN共85枚,总检出率为75．6％,最常见部位为闭孔窝淋巴结。其中未行术前放化疗者检出率为87．0％(20／23);已行术前放化疗者检出率为61．1％(11／18)。27例注射亚甲蓝量为2～3ml的患者检出率仅为63．0％(17／27),显著低于注射量为3．4～4ml的患者(100％,14／14)。病理结果示：一共8例患者有盆腔淋巴结转移。结论：使用亚甲蓝检测宫颈癌SNL的注射剂量以3～4ml为宜。宫颈癌SLN定位个体差异较大,以闭孔窝最多见。     

CT和MRI在宫颈癌诊断与分期中的对照研究

[目的]探讨MRI及CT对宫颈癌术前诊断的参考价值和临床意义。[方法]118例宫颈癌病例术前分别行MRI及CT检查，对比分析两组观察肿瘤位置、间质浸润、阴道或穹隆侵犯、宫体侵犯、淋巴结转移情况及宫旁侵犯与手术病理，计算检出率、特异度。[结果]IA期病例中，MRI及CT对病灶及其间质浸润均无法检出，IB期及ⅡA期病例中，MRI组判断宫颈癌间质浸润的检出率为98．2％，CT组为84.3％（P〈0．05）；MRI组判断阴道或穹隆侵犯的检出率为85．7％，CT组为8．3％（P〈0．01）；MRI组判断宫体侵犯的检出率为75．0％．CT组为22.2％（P〈0．01）；MRI组判断淋巴结转移的检出率为27．3％，CT组为14.3％（P〉0．05）：MRI组及CT组判断宫旁侵犯的检出率均为100％。[结论]MRI在判断肿瘤位置、间质浸润、阴道或穹隆侵犯、宫体侵犯均优于CT；判断淋巴结转移及宫旁侵犯与CT相比无明显优势。相对于CT,IB期及ⅡA期官颔痛病例术前行MRT榆杏且有可女的价值。     

磁共振弥散加权成像与增强CT在宫颈癌分期和诊断中的价值

目的 比较磁共振弥散加权成像(DWI)与增强CT在宫颈癌分期和诊断中的价值.方法 选择宫颈癌患者85例,围术期均进行病理学检验以及DWI和CT检查.比较DWI和CT用于宫颈癌诊断分期结果与病理学分期结果的一致性,比较2种影像学检查方法显示肿瘤征象结果的不同.结果 DWI检出Ⅰb期、Ⅱa期、Ⅱb期以及Ⅲa期的检出率显著高于CT(P<0.05),但是2种检查方法对Ⅲb期、Ⅳ期的检出率差异不显著(P>0.05);DWI用于显示宫颈癌阴道浸润、子宫体浸润以及盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均高于CT.结论 DWI诊断分期的准确性以及判断肿瘤旁浸润程度和淋巴结转移情况敏感性、特异性高于增强CT,值得临床推广应用.     

前哨淋巴结检测结果指导肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌行广泛性宫颈切除术的临床研究

摘 要：［目的］ 评价前哨淋巴结（SLN）对肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌患者盆腔淋巴结转移状态的预测价值,并探讨SLN检测结果指导经腹广泛性宫颈切除术（RAT）的临床意义。［方法］ 对45例保留生育功能治疗的肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌患者,术中检测SLN并原位切除,送快速冰冻病理检查排除盆腔淋巴结转移后,行RAT和盆腔淋巴清扫,术后将SLN和盆腔其他淋巴结送常规病理检查和抗角蛋白免疫组化检测。观察患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症及术后复发、妊娠情况等指标,评价SLN检测指导肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌患者行RAT手术的可行性和安全性。［结果］ 45例患者均检出SLN,共检出145枚,平均3.2枚/例,检出率100.0%（45/45）。4例因术中快速冰冻病理发现SLN转移而改行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴清扫术,其余41例均成功行RAT。术后病理检查发现1例有1枚非SLN转移,SLN假阴性率为2.2%(1/45),SLN阴性预测值为97.6%(40/41)。抗角蛋白免疫组化检测未检出常规病理检查漏诊的微转移灶。SLN术中冰冻病理和术后病理的符合率为97.8%（44/45）。术中2例损伤一侧子宫动脉、1例损伤膀胱肌层,术后7例出现盆腔淋巴囊肿,3例残余宫颈管狭窄。术后完成随访38例,中位随访时间61个月,随访率为92.7%。术后19例有生育要求,5例妊娠,妊娠率26.3%。随访期间,2例复发,复发率为5.3%（2/38）。［结论］ SLN检测结果能准确预测肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌患者的盆腔淋巴结转移状态。希望保留生育功能的肿瘤＞2cm的Ⅰb1期宫颈癌患者,在SLN检测结果指导下行RAT是安全可行的。     

宫颈癌患者淋巴结CK19 mRNA的检测及其临床意义

背景与目的：采用RT—PCR技术检测CK19（cytokeratin 19）mRNA的转录，可在部分恶性肿瘤患者中检测到常规病理学方法不能检测到的隐性微转移。本研究旨在检测宫颈癌患者盆腔淋巴结组织特异性标志物（CK19mRNA）的表达，并探讨其临床意义。方法：采用RT—PCR技术检测Ⅰ～Ⅱ期宫颈癌患者盆腔淋巴结CK19 mRNA的转录。生存曲线用Kaplan—Meier转录。生存率比较采用Log—rank检验。结果：32例宫颈癌患者共检测淋巴结标本206枚，经常规病理组织学方法检测到24枚淋巴结有癌转移，阳性率为12％（24／206）；经RT—PCR法检测到44枚淋巴结表达CK19 mRNA，检出率为21％（44／206）。RT—PCR法与常规病理组织学方法比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。常规HE染色阴性的182枚淋巴结中，29枚检测到CK19mRNA的特异性条带，微转移的检出率为15．9％（29／182）。低分化患者的淋巴结CK19检出率为87．5％（7／8）显著高于中～高分化患者的检出率33．3％（8／24）（P〈0．05）。而淋巴结CK19的检出率与年龄、临床分期、组织学类型、宫颈肿瘤大小、肌层浸润深度、宫旁浸润、脉管癌栓均无明显关系（P〉0．05）。淋巴结CK19 mRNA阳性患者的4年无瘤生存率为58％；而淋巴结CK19 mRNA阴性患者的4年无瘤生存率为76．5％，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：与传统的病理组织学比较，采用RT—PCR技术检测CK19 mRNA转录能显著提高淋巴结微转移的检出率，预后判断有待增大病例数进一步研究。     

早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结检测的临床研究

[目的]探讨术中用^99mTc硫胶体与亚甲蓝联合和单一亚甲蓝两种方法在早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测中的临床价值。[方法]2004年8月至2006年12月治疗早期宫颈癌（临床Ⅰb、Ⅱa期）患者61例，分别采用^99mTc硫胶体作为示踪剂和亚甲蓝联合定位并切除SLN（Tc99＋dye组，27例）和单一亚甲蓝定位并切除SLN（dye组，34例）。然后行盆腔淋巴结清扫术及广泛性子宫切除术。SLN、NSLN分别进行病理检查。[结果]61例患者切除淋巴结共1647枚。48例检测到SLN，共检出SLN 141枚，平均每例2．9枚。Tc99＋dye组与dye组检出SLN分别为92．5％（25／27）、67．6％（23／34），Tc99＋dye联合组显著优于单一dye组（P〈0．01）。两组SLN分布依次分别为闭孔（63．2％、61．6％）、髂内（16．2％、19．2％）、髂外（10.3％、11．0％）、宫旁（5．9％、4．1％）和髂总（4.4％、4．1％），两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。盆腔淋巴结转移共13例（21.3％），共24枚，其中22枚为SLN，2枚为NSLN。1例SLN假阴性。[结论]对早期宫颈癌采用Tc99与亚甲蓝联合比单一亚甲蓝方法具有更高的SLN检出率；SLN主要分布于闭孔、髂内、髂外，但不能忽视宫旁SLN；SLN检测的适应证有待于进一步研究。     

Ⅰb2Ⅱa期子宫颈癌腔内放疗加手术与单纯手术治疗的临床对比分析

目的：比较术前近距离腔内后装放疗和单纯手术治疗Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌的疗效，以探讨Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌术前适当剂量阴道腔内放疗的意义。方法：选取北京妇产医院1998年6月至2005年6月，Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期且宫颈肿块均〉4cm的宫颈癌患者78例。患者随机分为两组：术前放疗组38例行术前^192Ir近距离腔内放疗，阴道盒源旁1cm 2000～3000cGy，分2～3次，2～3周完成，放疗后10～14天行宫颈癌根治术即广泛子宫切除＋盆腔淋巴结清扫术；单纯手术组40例直接行宫颈癌根治术。评定两组的疗效和术前阴道腔内后装放疗对手术的影响及术后并发症的情况。结果：术前放疗组宫颈肿块均有不同程度的缩小，总有效率（CR＋PR）94．7％（36／38），术前放疗组和单纯手术组相比未增加手术难度和术后并发症，两组局部控制率分别为1年（89．5％和80．0％，P〉0．05）、3年（82．9％和61．3％，P〈0．05）、5年（76．9％和52．6％，P〈0．05）；两组1、3和5年生存率分别为（85．0％和92．1％，P〉0．05）、（83．9％和87．9％，P〉0．05）和（78.3％和80．0％，P〉0．05），差异无显著性。结论：术前近距离阴道腔内后装放疗可作为Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌综合治疗的一种有效的治疗方法，对Ⅰb2、Ⅱa期宫颈癌有满意的局部控制率。     

179例老年Ⅰ、Ⅱ期宫颈癌的临床疗效分析

背景与目的：老年宫颈癌预后较差,治疗并发症较多。本文分析老年Ⅰ、Ⅱ期宫颈癌手术治疗与放射治疗的疗效,以探讨更合适的治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析179例Ia-Ⅱb期老年宫颈癌的临床资料,其中134例行根治性手术治疗,并根据个体状况辅以适当的放疗和／或化疗;45例采用根治性放射治疗,并根据个体状况辅以适当的化疗。结果：手术组和放射治疗组的5年生存率分别为78．32％和49．08％（P＝0．04）。手术组并发症发生率为47．01％（63／134）,其中严重并发症导致死亡3例;放射治疗组并发症发生率为75．63％（34／45）。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ期老年宫颈癌患者宜采用手术治疗,并根据其个体状况采取不同的辅助治疗方式。     

早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结检测的临床研究

[目的]探讨术中用^99mTc硫胶体与亚甲蓝联合和单一亚甲蓝两种方法在早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测中的临床价值。[方法]2004年8月至2006年12月治疗早期宫颈癌（临床Ⅰb、Ⅱa期）患者61例，分别采用^99mTc硫胶体作为示踪剂和亚甲蓝联合定位并切除SLN（Tc99＋dye组，27例）和单一亚甲蓝定位并切除SLN（dye组，34例）。然后行盆腔淋巴结清扫术及广泛性子宫切除术。SLN、NSLN分别进行病理检查。[结果]61例患者切除淋巴结共1647枚。48例检测到SLN，共检出SLN 141枚，平均每例2．9枚。Tc99＋dye组与dye组检出SLN分别为92．5％（25／27）、67．6％（23／34），Tc99＋dye联合组显著优于单一dye组（P〈0．01）。两组SLN分布依次分别为闭孔（63．2％、61．6％）、髂内（16．2％、19．2％）、髂外（10.3％、11．0％）、宫旁（5．9％、4．1％）和髂总（4.4％、4．1％），两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。盆腔淋巴结转移共13例（21.3％），共24枚，其中22枚为SLN，2枚为NSLN。1例SLN假阴性。[结论]对早期宫颈癌采用Tc99与亚甲蓝联合比单一亚甲蓝方法具有更高的SLN检出率；SLN主要分布于闭孔、髂内、髂外，但不能忽视宫旁SLN；SLN检测的适应证有待于进一步研究。     

Ⅰ-Ⅱ期宫颈癌组织中CD44V6,MMP-2与VEGF-C蛋白的表达与预后的关系

目的探讨CD44V6，MMP-2与VEGF—C蛋白的表达与Ⅰ-Ⅱ期宫颈癌预后的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学方法（EnvisonTM）检测40例Ⅰ-Ⅱ期浸润性宫颈癌CD44V6、MMP．2与VEGF—C蛋白的表达情况。结果盆腔淋巴结转移与浸润宫颈深度≥2／3的患者中，CD44V6，MMP-2，VEGF—C同时过表达率（均为55．6％，5／9）明显高于无淋巴结转移及浸润宫颈深度〈2／3者（均为3．2％，1／31），P〈0．05。CD44V6，MMP-2与VEGF—C同时过表达的患者2年生存率为64．2％，明显低于其他非同时过表达患者（88．4％），P〈0．05。结论CD44V6，MMP-2与VEGF—C蛋白的过表达与Ⅰ-Ⅱ期浸润性宫颈癌浸润转移及预后密切相关。     

Lack of effect of tumor size on the prognosis of carcinoma of the uterine cervix Stage IB and IIA treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the prognostic significance of cervical tumor size in patients with Stages Ib and IIa carcinoma of the cervix treated with preoperative irradiation and radical or conservative hysterectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study is a retrospective analysis of 177 patients. One hundred forty-one patients had Stage Ib and 36 patients had Stage IIa carcinoma of the cervix. All patients were treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery. Radiation therapy consisted of external pelvic irradiation and intracavitary brachytherapy; total doses ranged from 30 to 60 Gy to the pelvic sidewall and 60 to 70 Gy to point A. Surgery consisting of radical hysterectomy and lymph node dissection or a conservative hysterectomy and lymph node dissection was performed 4 to 6 weeks after completion of irradiation. RESULTS: The 5-year progression-free survivals were 80% for Stage Ib and 63% for Stage IIa (p = 0.03). The 5-year cumulative pelvic failure rates for Stage Ib were 16% for tumors <3 cm and 9% for tumors >3 cm (p = 0.90). The 5-year cumulative pelvic failure rates for Stage IIa were 22% for tumors <3 cm and 22% for tumors >3 cm (p = 0.75). The corresponding cumulative distant metastasis failure rates at 5 years for Stage Ib were 21% for tumors <3 cm and 21% for tumors >3 cm (p = 0.60). For patients with Stage IIa disease, the 5-year cumulative distant metastasis rates were 33% for tumors <3 cm and 36% for tumors >3 cm (p = 0.70). A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic factors for the endpoint of progression-free survival. The variables that were analyzed were patient age, tumor histology, tumor size, clinical stage, point A and pelvic lymph node irradiation dose, and cervical tumor status and pelvic lymph node status at the time of hysterectomy. The variables that were found to be of independent significance for progression-free survival by multivariate analysis were pelvic lymph node irradiation dose (p <0.001), pelvic lymph node status at the time of hysterectomy (p = 0.01), and clinical stage (p = 0.02). Cervical tumor size at the time of diagnosis and the presence of tumor cells in the cervix in the hysterectomy specimen was not an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis. The overall severe complication rate was 11% for all patients. CONCLUSIONS: For this population of patients treated with preoperative irradiation and surgery, pelvic lymph node status at the time of hysterectomy and the preoperative irradiation dose to the pelvic lymph nodes are independent predictors of progression-free survival and the development of distant metastasis. The pretreatment cervical tumor size is of less importance for predicting progression-free survival and the development of distant metastasis but clinical stage is an important prognostic variable. These results are in contrast with those of surgery or irradiation alone, in which primary tumor size is a critical prognostic factor for all outcome parameters.     

螺旋CT在喉及下咽癌的临床应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋ＣＴ多平面重组（ＭＰＲ）、三维重建（3D）和领导 具喉镜（CTVL）在喉及下咽癌的临床应用价值。方法 24例喉及下咽癌患者进行轴位螺旋CT扫描。同时做MPR、3D和CTVL成像,并与纤维喉镜和手术所见进行对照分析。结果 螺旋CT轴位结合MPR图像对术前肿瘤分期和诊断颈部淋巴结转移的准确性均为96%;25%的患者MPR显示肿瘤侵犯的范围优于轴位,3D重建可立体显示肿瘤的侵犯范围及其与血管、气管的关系;头端CTVL显示的喉及下咽部腔内肿瘤的部位、大小及侵犯范围与纤维喉镜所见相似,4例从足侧观察肿瘤与声带和前联合的关系弥补了纤维喉镜的不足,结论 螺旋CT轴位结合MPR、3D和CTVL图像可以更完整地提高喉及下咽癌的全面资料。     

多层螺旋CT及其多平面重建技术评价颈部神经源性肿瘤的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)技术对评价颈部神经源性肿瘤的价值。方法对比分析34例经手术及病理证实的颈部神经源性肿瘤的多层螺旋CT横断面及其MPR表现,包括神经鞘瘤23例,神经纤维瘤5例,颈动脉体瘤6例。结果神经鞘瘤23例,肿瘤边缘规则,肿物整体强化不明显,内部均有斑驳状高、低混杂密度。颈动脉体瘤6例,均位于颈总动脉分叉处,MPR像均清晰直观显示肿瘤与颈动脉的关系。椎旁间隙肿瘤16例,横断面图像显示肿瘤与椎间孔关系的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为72.7%、100%、81.3%,MPR显示肿物与椎间孔关系的敏感性、特异性、准确性均为100%。结论多层螺旋CT扫描能明确颈部神经源性肿瘤的定性、定位诊断,尤其是横断面图像结合MPR能全面直观地显示肿瘤与邻近血管、椎间孔和椎管的关系。     

Laparoscopic sentinel lymph node procedure using a combination of patent blue and radioisotope in women with cervical carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the feasibility of a laparoscopic sentinel lymph node (SN) procedure with combined radioisotopic and patent blue labeling in patients with cervical carcinoma. METHODS: Thirteen women (median age, 52.5 years) with cervical carcinoma (Stage Ia2 in 1 patient, Stage Ib1 in 10 patients, Stage Ib2 in 1 patient, and Stage IIa in 1 patient) underwent a laparoscopic SN procedure using an endoscopic gamma probe after both radioactive isotope and patent blue injections. After the procedure, all patients underwent complete laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and either laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (eight patients) or the Schauta-Amreich operation (five patients). RESULTS: SNs (mean, 1.7 SNs per patient; range, 1-3 SNs per patient) were identified in 12 of 13 patients. A median of 10.5 pelvic lymph nodes per patient (range, 4-17 pelvic lymph nodes per patient) were removed. No lymph node involvement was detected in SNs with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical studies identified four metastatic SNs in two patients, with micrometastases in two SNs from the first patient and isolated tumor cells in two SNs from the second patient. No false-negative SN results were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that SN detection with a combination of radiocolloid and patent blue is feasible in patients with cervical carcinoma. The combination of laparoscopy and the SN procedure permitted minimally invasive management of early-stage disease.     

Cervical tumor control evaluated with ICRU 38 reference volumes and integrated reference air kerma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship of ICRU 38 reference volumes and integrated reference air kerma to primary cervical tumor control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study includes 1253 women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radiotherapy. Patients were treated from 1959 to 1993 at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. There were 39 women with stage Ia disease, 211 with stage Ib1, 88 with stage Ib2, 580 with stage 2, and 335 with stage 3 disease. Most patients with stage Ia disease were treated with low dose rate brachytherapy alone. All other patients were treated with external irradiation and low dose rate brachytherapy. External irradiation doses ranged from 8.2-63.8 Gy to the whole pelvis and an additional parametrial boost to deliver a total of 65-75 Gy to Point P depending on tumor stage. Low dose rate brachytherapy was delivered to the primary tumor with doses ranging from 40x10(4)-60x10(4) Gy cm(2) (integrated reference air kerma; IRAK). Isodose reference volumes (60-160 Gy) and point A doses were determined for all patients. Tumor control was defined as control of the primary cervical cancer with or without failure at other pelvic or distant sites. RESULTS: The mean 60 Gy volume was calculated to be 139.5 cm(3) for stage Ia, 200.4 cm(3) for stage Ib1, 270.9 cm(3) for stage Ib2, 235 cm(3) for stage 2, and 293.4 cm(3) for stage 3. No patient with stage Ia disease had a failure in the cervix. For stage Ib1 tumors the mean 60 Gy volume was 219.1 cm(3) for those who failed in the cervix and 199.9 cm(3) for those who did not fail (P=0.73). For stage Ib2 tumors the mean 60 Gy volume was 354.4 cm(3) for those who failed and 260.2 cm(3) for those who did not fail (P=0.004). The mean 60 Gy volume was 249.3 cm(3) for those with stage 2 disease who failed and 233.8 cm(3) for those who did not fail (P=0.02). For patients with stage 3 cancer the mean 60 Gy volume was 321.6 cm(3) for those who failed and 287.3 cm(3) for those who did not fail (P=0.20). Reference volumes from 70-160 Gy were not statistically different within each stage for those who failed in the cervix compared to those who did not fail. Cervical recurrences by clinical stage did not have statistically significant differences for mean IRAK except for stage II disease (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Analysis of the 60-160 Gy reference volumes and IRAK failed to demonstrate a consistent positive increasing correlation of these values to primary cervical tumor control.     

Prognostic value of nm23 expression in stage IB1 cervical carcinoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the patterns of nm23 expression in stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, to compare nm23 expression with clinicopathological findings and to assess its prognostic value. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix underwent abdominal radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. Expression of nm23 was studied immunohistochemically, followed by amplification and direct sequencing of exons 4 and 5 of the nm23 gene. RESULTS: Overexpression of nm23 was detected in 18.5% of the tumors and low expression was seen in 33.3%, while negative expression was found in 48.1% of the tumors. Deep cervical stromal invasion (> or =1/2) was found to be associated with the increased risk of lymph node metastases (odds ratio = 17.5). A significantly lower percentage of patients survived when nm23 overexpression was observed (p = 0.0063). Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (2-3.9 cm), lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion into parametria, tumor invasion into blood/lymph vessel, squamous cell carcinoma (> or =2 ng/ml) and nm23 overexpression had a significantly lower recurrence-free survival rate of the patients. None of the above factors was significant according to multivariate analysis. There were no mutations in exons 4 and 5 of the nm23 gene in stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that expression of nm23 may be indicative of an unfavorable prognosis in patients with stage IB1 squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.     

螺旋CT与重建技术对小肠间质瘤的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT与重建技术对小肠间质瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的24例小肠间质瘤的CT扫描与MPR、STS-MIP重建表现。结果24例患者中,23例间质瘤单发于小肠,1例伴胃肠道多发;其中良性间质瘤17例,恶性间质瘤7例。肿瘤大小约2.5～12cm。主要发生部位:空肠12例,回肠10例,十二指肠2例。小肠间质瘤的主要影像特征:(1)肿块位于肠腔外15例,肠腔内或呈肠壁增厚7例,见腔内龛影形成2例。(2)肿块呈圆形或类圆形19例,分叶状或不规则形5例。(3)肿块密度较均匀12例,密度欠均匀7例,内有地图样改变5例。(4)动态增强扫描强化较均匀19例,其中动脉期呈轻、中度不均匀强化,门脉期及平衡期明显强化16例,动脉期明显强化1例,无明显强化2例;不均匀强化,呈快进快出模式5例。(5)肿块边界不清,邻近结构侵袭2例。(6)MPR和STS-MIP行血管重建可见肠系膜动脉直接进入肿瘤供血20例。螺旋CT及重建技术对小肠间质瘤定性和定位诊断的正确率分别为91.7%(22/24)和95.8%(23/24)。结论螺旋CT与MPR、STS-MIP重建对小肠肿瘤的定性和定位诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

Phase II study of radiation therapy combined with weekly nedaplatin in locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma: Kitasato Gynecologic Radiation Oncology Group (KGROG 0501)

In order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of chemoradiotherapy using nedaplatin for locally advanced uterine cervical carcinoma in Japanese patients, we have started a single-institute phase II trial. Eligibility criteria include: (i) pathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, (ii) clinical FIGO stage Ib, IIa, or IIb with bulky tumor (> 40 mm) or pelvic lymph node swelling, or (iii) clinical FIGO stage IIIa, IIIb and IVa, (iv) no para-aortic lymph node swelling. A combination of external beam radiation and high dose rate intracavitary irradiation is given. Nedaplatin (30 mg/m2) is intravenously infused on a weekly basis for five times. The primary endpoint is 3-year overall survival, and the secondary endpoints are tumor response, 2-year overall survival, 3-year progression-free survival, acute adverse events, protocol treatment compliance, and late adverse events. We plan to recruit 45 patients within 3 years.     

食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素分析及诊断模型构建

  目的  探讨食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的危险因素并构建诊断模型,为临床选择合理手术方式提供参考。  方法  选取2015年1月至2020年6月于河北医科大学第四医院行食管癌根治术+三野淋巴结清扫的240例食管中下段鳞癌患者作为观察对象,依据术后病理分为颈部淋巴结转移组和颈部淋巴结无转移组。采用多因素Logistic 回归分析颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,并建立诊断模型,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估其诊断效能。  结果  240例食管中下段鳞癌患者中有62例（25.8%）发生颈部淋巴结转移。Logistic回归分析结果显示,肿瘤最大径、食管旁淋巴结转移、喉返神经旁淋巴结转移和CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移是食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。诊断模型为P=1/(1+exp(-(-3.764+0.361×肿瘤最大径+1.281×食管旁淋巴结转移+1.614×喉返神经旁淋巴结转移+1.155×CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移))),其阴性预测值为89.89%,阳性预测值为45.16%,准确度为78.33%。ROC曲线分析显示,ROC 曲线下的面积为0.827（95%CI :0.767～0.886）,约登指数为0.530,灵敏度和特异度分别为70.97%和82.02%。  结论  肿瘤最大径、食管旁淋巴结转移、喉返神经旁淋巴结转移和CT诊断颈部淋巴结转移是食管中下段鳞癌颈部淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,以此为基础建立的诊断模型具有一定的临床运用价值。      

Comparison of the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the presurgical detection of lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma compared with thin-section histopathologic results from systemic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) Stage IB-IVA cervical carcinoma who underwent both MRI and PET/CT before lymphadenectomy were included in this study. Lymphadenectomy involved removing all visible lymph nodes in the surgical fields. To enable region-specific comparisons, paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes were divided into seven regions: the paraaortic area, both common iliac areas, both external iliac areas, and both internal iliac/obturator areas. Histopathologic evaluation of lymph nodes was the diagnostic standard. Chi-square analysis was used to compare the accuracy of MRI and PET/CT for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes. A P value < or = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: With MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates for detecting metastatic lymph nodes in each lymph node group were 30.3% (10 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 72.7% (122 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively; with PET/CT, those rates were 57.6% (19 of 33 lymph node groups), 92.6% (112 of 121 lymph node groups), and 85.1% (131 of 154 lymph node groups), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI (P = 0.026) but that there were no statistical differences noted with regard to specificity (P = 1.000) or accuracy (P = 0.180). Power analysis demonstrated that a sample size of 685 lymph node groups (98 patients) would be necessary to demonstrate that PET/CT was more accurate than MRI (alpha = 0.05; beta = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI for detecting lymph node metastases in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma.