高位胆管良性狭窄的原因和治疗

目的探讨高位胆管良性狭窄的原因和防治。方法回顾性总结分析高位胆管良性狭窄460例的病因和治疗方法。结果病因依次为肝胆管结石(383例)、高位胆管损伤(54例)、胆囊结石Mirizzi综合征(21例)、单纯良性狭窄(2例)。分别行肝叶或肝段切除；经肝剖开狭窄胆管，肝胆管或肝门胆管空肠吻合；肝门胆管狭窄切开整形后与空肠大口吻合；吻合口狭窄切开扩大吻合；肝门胆管狭窄切开整形后T管支撑等手术。效果满意，优良率为90．1％。结论高位胆管良性狭窄的主要原因是肝胆管结石(83．3％)和高位胆管损伤(11．7％)。肝叶或肝段切除，或联合肝内胆管或肝门胆管空肠大口吻合是治疗肝胆管结石并肝胆管狭窄的有效方法。高位胆管损伤初期修复后较易发生胆管或吻合口狭窄，再次修复以胆管空肠Roux-en-Y大口吻合术效果最好。强调重在预防，在行胆道手术时避免胆管损伤。     

腹腔镜在胆道损伤修复手术中的临床应用（附9例报告）

目的探讨应用腹腔镜技术修复肝外胆管不同部位、不同程度损伤的可行性。方法 2001年7月~2010年4月,采用如下三种腹腔镜下胆管修复方法治疗肝外胆管损伤9例：①1例左肝管不完全横断伤、1例右肝管不完全横断伤、2例肝总管横断伤、1例胆总管损伤修复后狭窄,采用对端结节外翻缝合左肝管、右肝管、肝总管或胆总管,T管引流术;②3例高位肝管损伤采用Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合,经左或右肝管或肠管放置T管支撑胆肠吻合口;③1例左、右肝管汇合下方肝管前壁10mm直径缺损,采用转移胆囊管壁瓣修复肝管缺损,T管引流术。结果 9例均获治愈,1例肝管对端吻合病例出现胆漏,腹腔引流管引流20 d后愈合。2例高位肝管损伤者行Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术后出现应激性溃疡和术后腹腔渗血。全组术后随访1~9年,平均4年,无吻合口狭窄。结论腹腔镜在肝胆管修复中有利于视野观察,并且放大较细的肝管,利于精准的缝合操作,从而可以达到最佳的吻合效果。再加上T管对吻合口的支撑作用,最大限度地避免吻合口狭窄的发生,为肝胆管损伤提供了一种精准的吻合方法。     

Surgical treatment of injuries of the intrahepatic bile ducts

Traumas and cicatricial strictures of the lobar and sectorial hepatic ducts in 9 patients are analysed. The method of operative transillumination vasoscopy was used to exclude devascularization of an isolated intestinal loop. The authors describe the operative techniques and the methods of using bilateral replaceable transhepatic drainage in injuries to the lobar and sectorial hepatic ducts with their bifurcation and trifurcation.     

肝方叶切除联合肝门胆管高位劈开整形在肝门胆管狭窄合并结石中的应用

背景与目的:对于肝胆管结石多次手术后复发患者,如何安全取尽结石,最大限度解除肝门甚至是肝内胆管的狭窄,并建立或修复通畅的胆流通道,一直是胆道外科治疗领域中的难点。本研究探讨肝方叶切除联合肝门胆管高位劈开整形在肝门胆管狭窄合并结石中的治疗效果及应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2015年7月—2019年6月湖南省人民医院收治的36例复杂肝胆管结石患者的临床资料,36例患者既往平均手术2.4次,均存在不同程度的肝门部胆管狭窄,其中肝门胆管汇合部狭窄18例,合并右肝管狭窄8例,合并左肝管狭窄10例。结果:所有患者均行肝方叶切除、肝门胆管高位劈开整形、胆肠内引流手术,术中采用取石钳取石、塑形管冲洗、胆道镜探查等多种方式取尽结石。平均手术时间354.4 min,平均失血量230.5 mL。术后平均结石清除率在90%以上。术后2例患者出现胆汁漏,经积极引流治疗后好转,3例患者出现切口脂肪液化、感染,1例患者不完全性肠梗阻,均保守治疗后好转。术后采用门诊、电话随访12～48个月,4例患者出现反流性胆管炎,无胆肠吻合口再发狭窄病例。结论:肝方叶切除联合肝门胆管高位劈开整形能有效解除肝门胆管高位狭窄,达到取尽结石、通畅引流的目的,同时能避免大范围的肝切除,因此具有一定的临床应用价值。     

Long-term evaluation of biliary reconstruction after partial resection of segments IV and V in iatrogenic injuries

Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy is the procedure of choice for biliary reconstruction after complex iatrogenic injury that is usually associated with vascular injuries and concomitant ischemia of the ducts. To avoid the ischemic component, our group routinely performs a high repair to assure an anastomosis in noninflamed, nonscarred, and nonischemic ducts. If the duct bifurcation is preserved, the Hepp-Couinaud approach for reconstruction is an excellent choice. Partial liver resection of segments IV and V allows adequate exposure of the bile duct at its bifurcation with an anterior approach of the ducts (therefore not jeopardizing the circulation), allowing a high quality anastomosis. Long-term results of bile duct reconstruction using this approach are described. Two hundred eighty-five bile duct reconstructions were done between 1989 and 2004 in a tertiary care university hospital. The first partial-segment IV resection was done in 1994; 94 cases have been reconstructed since then using this approach. All of them had a complex injury (Strasberg E1-E5), and although in many cases the bifurcation was preserved (E1-E3), a high bilioenteric anastomosis was done to facilitate the reconstruction. In 70 cases, the bifurcation was identified, and in the 24 in which the confluence was not preserved, the right and left ducts were found except in one case. In three patients, the right duct was found unsuitable for anastomosis, and a liver resection was done. In the remaining 21, an anastomosis was done using a stent (transhepatic, transanastomotic) through the right duct. According to Lillemoe’s criteria, 86 cases had good results (91%). In four of the eight remaining patients, there was the need to operate again due to the presence of an obstruction and/or cholangitis. In the rest, radiological instrumentation was done. Four of these cases have developed secondary biliary cirrhosis, two of which have died while waiting for a liver transplant, four and six years after reconstruction. Partial segments IV and V resection allows adequate exposure of the confluence and the isolated left or right hepatic ducts. Anterior exposure of the ducts allows an anastomosis in well-preserved, nonischemic, nonscarred, or noninflamed ducts. Parenchyma removal also allows the free placement of the jejunal limb, without external compression and tension, obtaining a high quality anastomosis with excellent long-term results. Presented at the Fifth Biennial Meeting of the American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 14–17, 2005.     

Duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation utilizing right lobe graft

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) utilizing the right lobe. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Biliary tract complications remain one of the most serious problems after liver transplantation. Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy has been a standard procedure for biliary reconstruction in LDLT with a partial hepatic graft. However, end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy is the technique of choice for biliary reconstruction and yields a more physiologic bilioenteric continuity than can be achieved with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. The authors performed right lobe LDLT with end-to-end duct-to-duct biliary anastomosis, and this study assessed retrospectively the relation between the manner of reconstruction and complications. METHODS: Between July 1999 and December 2000, 51 patients (11-67 years of age) underwent 52 right lobe LDLTs with duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction and remained alive more than 1 month after their transplantation. Interrupted biliary anastomosis was performed for 24 transplants and the continuous procedure was used for 28. A biliary tube was inserted downward into the common bile ducts through the recipient's cystic duct in 16 transplants (cystic drainage), or a biliary stent tube was pushed upward into the anastomosis through the cystic duct in four transplants (cystic stent), or upward into the anastomosis through the wall of the common bile duct in 31 transplants (external stent). RESULTS: Biliary anastomotic procedures consisted of 34 single end-to-end anastomoses, 11 double end-to-end anastomoses, and 7 single anastomoses for double hepatic ducts. Overall, 5 patients developed leakage (9.6%) and 12 patients suffered stricture (23.0%). For biliary anastomosis with interrupted suture, the incidence of stricture was significantly higher in the cystic drainage group (53.3%, 8/15) than in the stent group consisting of cystic stent and external stent (0%, 0/8). While the respective incidences of leakage and stricture were 20% and 53.3% for intermittent suture with a cystic drainage tube (n = 15), they were 7.7% and 15.4% for a continuous suture with an external stent (n = 26). There was a significant difference in the incidence of stricture. CONCLUSIONS: Duct-to-duct reconstruction with continuous suture combined with an external stent represents a useful technique for LDLT utilizing the right lobe, but biliary complications remain significant.     

Long-Term Results of Hepatic Resection for Hepatolithiasis

Long-term results of hepatic resection for hepatolithiasis in 34 patients having intrahepatic biliary strictures were studied. The left lateral and the right posterior segmental ducts were commonly and often simultaneously involved. Fourteen patients had multiple segmental involvement. Hepatic resection included left sided resection (n=27), right sided resection (n=6), and repeated bilateral resection (n=1). Seven patients had biliary tumors: 3 cholangiocarcinomas, 2 gall bladder cancers, cystadenocarcinoma, and dysplasia of intrahepatic ducts. Nineteen patients received bilioenteric anastomosis. Retained stones and recurrent stones developed in 3 and 4 patients, respectively. Twenty-six patients had no remaining symptoms; 2 died of operative complication or cholangiocarcinoma; 6 presented symptoms caused by retained stones (n=2), recurrent stones (n=2), bile stasis (n=1), or neuralgia (n=1). In 4 of the 6 patients, unrelieved posterior duct strictures caused the symptoms. With a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years, 30 patients are symptoms free, and 27 are stone free. In patients with right lobar or bilobar type, intra- and extrahepatic type, and confluence strictures, bilioenteric anastomosis is required. Hepatic resection is a rational treatment for hepatolithiasis, however, meticulous management of biliary tract abnormalities, particularly the posterior duct stricture, is mandatory.     

Preliminary study of the anatomy of the venous drainage of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and its relevance to the practice of hepatobiliary surgery

Background : Although there have been many studies of the arterial supply of the biliary system, attempts to study the corresponding venous drainage have been few and all have been incomplete. The purpose of the present investigation is to describe the anatomy of the venous drainage of both the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and to determine its relevance to hepatobiliary surgery. Methods : The intrahepatic and extrahepatic venous drainage of the bile ducts was investigated in seven specimens by injecting a solution of 10% gelatin coloured with Alcian blue into the portal vein or the superior mesenteric vein to outline the venous drainage. The specimens were dissected under loop magnification and representative drawings were obtained. Results : The surface of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts was covered by a fine venous plexus. On the surface of the supraduodenal common hepatic duct and common bile duct the venous plexus drained laterally into marginal veins, usually two in number and known as the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock marginal veins. Inferiorly the marginal veins and the venous plexus communicated with the pancreaticoduodenal venous plexus, which in its turn drained into the posterosuperior pancreaticoduodenal vein, a branch of the superior mesenteric vein. Superiorly the marginal veins divided into a number of branches. Some branches followed the left and right hepatic ducts into the liver, communicating with the venous plexus and the adjacent branches of the portal vein. Other branches of variable size entered either segment IV or the caudate lobe or process via the hilar venous plexus. A most important finding was that even after dividing the bile duct and all communicating veins at the upper border of the duodenum, the venous plexus and the marginal veins filled normally to the level of transection. This occurred almost certainly by retrograde filling from above. Conclusion : The satisfactory results of end‐to‐end anastomosis in whole liver transplantation depends partly on the presence of adequate venous drainage. This has been amply demonstrated by the injection studies. This would indicate that the poor results of end‐to‐end repair of the bile duct after surgical trauma results from other factors such as poor technique, devascularization of the cut ends due to trauma, and carrying out the anastomosis under tension. After resection of the hilum for cholangiocarcinoma the venous drainage of the left and right hepatic ducts and their branches depends mainly on the communications between the venous plexus on the ducts and the adjacent branches of the portal vein, even at a lobular or sinusoidal level. The satisfactory results obtained after anastomosis of the left and right hepatic ducts or their branches to a Roux loop of jejunum attest to this. This applies also to the transplantation of segments II and III in paediatric patients from related adult donors and in patients receiving split liver transplants. Finally, the venous drainage at the bifurcation of the common hepatic duct has been shown to enter the caudate lobe and segment IV directly. This suggests that a hilar cholangiocarcinoma may metastasize to these segments, and perhaps partly explain the significantly better long‐term results when the caudate lobe and segment IV are resected en bloc with the cholangiocarcinoma as part of modern radical surgery for this condition.     

Exposure of the left hepatic duct through the hilum or in the umbilical of the liver: anatomic limitations

Anastomosis to the left hepatic duct approached by dissecting the hilar plate is the most reliable method of drainage of the left side of the liver in that longitudinal incision of the left hepatic duct allows a long cholangiojejunostomy. However, the anatomy is not satisfactory in 30% of cases for adequate drainage of the left side of the liver. To further clarify this surgically important area, 107 vasculobiliary casts were reviewed with regard to the anatomy and relationship between the left biliary ductal and left portal venous systems. In cases in which anatomy is unfavorable for adequate drainage by anastomosis to the left hepatic duct in the hilum, several options are available. The anterior portion of the main portal fissure may be opened to gain wide access to the superior aspect of the biliary plate and reach a posterior duct that is more suitable for anastomosis. An anastomosis to an anterior duct may also be possible with this approach. If left portal ducts are inaccessible by division of the main portal fissure because of a retroportal location, then an anastomosis in the anterior portion of the umbilical fissure may give adequate drainage. Therefore a cholangiogram is imperative before any anastomosis in the hilum or the anterior portion of the umbilical fissure.     

Lesions of the segmental and lobar hepatic ducts.

Despite reports to the contrary, unobstructed drainage of 50% of an otherwise normal liver through either the right or left uninfected hepatic duct is adequate to restore normal liver function, even if the obstructed lobe remains in place. An undrained liver lobe, if present, may require no further treatment. As long as it is completely obstructed and uninfected, it will undergo a progressive asymptomatic atrophy. Cholangitis invariably develops behind a partial lobar ductal obstruction, producing jaundice, pruritis, and fever. Unless unobstructed, uninfected biliary flow can be achieved through a segmental or lobar duct, it is better that the duct be completely obstructed and the affected liver parenchyma allowed to atrophy, provided there is normal biliary flow from the residual 50% of liver. This concept is important in the management of injured anomalous segmental or lobar hepatic duct and in the palliative treatment of bile duct carcinoma. Localized intrahepatic infections communicating with abnormal biliary ducts will require hepatic resection of the infected parenchyma and ducts for cure. The abnormality may be saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic ductal system with abscess formation or intrahepatic abscess associated with stenosis of the ductal system from trauma to the duct, to the duct and liver, or to retained intrahepatic stones. Diffusely situated intrahepatic abscesses secondary to ductal abnormalities can be treated with systemic antibiotics, local drainage of a dmoninant abscess, and efforts to improve biliary drainage.     

Causes, diagnosis and surgical treatment of strictures of lobar and segmental hepatic ducts

Causes of strictures of lobar and segmental ducts after their injuries during open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 53 patients were analyzed. For correction of bile outflow precision non-wireframe (n=22) and wireframe (n=20) anastomoses were used. In 10 patients a combined anastomosis was established. In 1 patient the external drainage of hepatic ducts was performed. After surgery 3 patients died. 1-15 year long-term results were studied in 48 (96%) patients. Good results were achieved in 29 (60.5%), satisfactory -- in 13 (27%) patients. Recurrences of the strictures were diagnosed in 6 patients. It is concluded that dynamic control is necessary in patients operated on for bile ducts injuries. Underestimation of remittent cholangitis leading to biliary cirrhosis worsens prognosis of the disease.     

Percutaneous-endoscopic placement of endoprostheses for relief of jaundice caused by inoperable bile duct strictures.

Fifty-three patients with biliary obstruction caused by unresectable malignancy were treated by attempted insertion of an endoprosthesis by the percutaneous-endoscopic route. This was successful in 50 patients. A single endoprosthesis was inserted in each case. Both right and left hepatic duct decompression were obtained in 31 patients, but only unilateral or segmental drainage was achieved in 19 patients. Procedure-related complications occurred in 18 (36%) patients, and 15 (30%) patients died within 30 days of the procedure. Satisfactory resolution of jaundice was obtained in 26 (84%) patients with bilateral decompression and in 12 (63%) of those with unilateral drainage. The 30-day mortality rate was 26% for patients with bilateral and 37% for those with unilateral drainage. The morbidity rate from cholangitis after endoprosthesis insertion was 10% after bilateral and 32% after unilateral drainage. None of these differences was statistically significant. Surviving patients with satisfactory bile drainage were relieved of symptoms such as pruritus. The combined percutaneous-endoscopic technique enables difficult biliary strictures to be intubated. Although bilateral duct drainage is preferable, the palliation is often worthwhile even when segmental ducts alone are drained.     

医源性胆管损伤的外科治疗

目的探讨医源性胆管损伤的外科处理方法及其疗效。方法 1992年1月至2011年12月期间共行胆囊切除术3 714例,发生医源性胆管损伤39例,发生率1.05%。其中术中发现胆总管或肝管部分损伤6例,胆总管或肝管被横断1例,左右肝管汇合部以上损伤2例,右侧副肝管损伤1例;术后发现胆囊管漏14例,胆囊床小胆管漏7例,胆总管或肝管部分损伤2例,胆总管或肝管被横断2例,左右肝管汇合部以上损伤1例,胆管严重狭窄2例,右侧副肝管损伤1例。行胆管修补+T管支撑引流术4例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术12例,副肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术1例,B超引导下腹腔穿刺置管引流7例,保留腹腔引流管引流14例,右侧副肝管缝扎1例。结果对术中解剖异常或操作困难的病例行术中胆道造影前后,医源性胆管损伤的发生率分别为2.37%(25/1 054)和0.53%(14/2 660),差异显著(P<0.05)。39例患者经外科治疗后均好转。术后出现的主要并发症为吻合口狭窄,共发生6例,其中术中发现损伤组3例,术后发现损伤组3例,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);其他并发症还包括:切口感染4例(术中发现损伤组2例,术后发现损伤组2例),腹腔脓肿3例(术中发现损伤组1例,术后发现损伤组2例)。术后发现组低于术中发现组,为24.1%(7/29)vs.60%(6/10),有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论医源性胆管损伤可防可治,具体外科治疗方法因病情而异,但总体来讲,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术的预后较好。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in choledocholithiasis and stricture of the terminal part of the common bile duct

The authors offer the treatment and diagnostic algorithm in choledocholithiasis, stricture of a terminal portion of the common hepatic duct and papilla stenosis revealed in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE). With the purpose of intraoperative assessment of bile ducts states during LCE, the diagnostic system including laparoscopic and ultrasonic examinations, cholangiography and choledochoscopy was developed and applied. In intraoperative revealing of choledocholithiasis without bile outflow disorders and wide cystic duct the authors prefer to remove the concrements during choledochoscopy through cystic duct without intervention on Vater's papilla (VP). In combination of choledocholithiasis with bile outflow disorders and also in isolated papilla stenosis and stricture of a terminal portion of the common hepatic duct, one-stage laparoscopic cholecystectomy, intraoperative antegrade papillosphincterotomy and retrograde calculus extraction is optimal. In cases when complete endoscopic calculus extraction is impossible, the drainage of the common hepatic duct by Cholsted's with subsequent delayed endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) is acceptable. During intraoperative examination in 49 patients (57.6%) the concrements in choledochus, not diagnosed earlier, were revealed, in 21--stricture of terminal choledochus portion and in 19 patients--papilla stenosis. In 12 cases the concrements were removed during choledochoscopy through the cystic duct stump, 4 patients with big concrements required laparoscopic choledocholithotomy. In 16 cases LCE with various variants of choledochus drainage was performed as the first stage, as the second stage--EPST and lithoextraction. Antegrade papillosphincterotomy was performed in 15 patients during LCE. In 12 cases intraoperatively revealed choledocholithiasis combined with papilla stenosis (7) and choledochus stricture (5) was the indications to intraoperative papillosphincterotomy. Papilla stenosis was the indication to antegrade papillosphincterotomy in 3 patients.     

Reoperation for congenital choledochal cyst.

A reoperation after excisional procedure was carried out in seven cases due to early or late postoperative complications. Of the 12 patients with early complications, four underwent relaparotomy due to anastomotic leakage and bleeding. Late complications were seen in nine patients with recurrent cholangitis caused by an anastomotic stricture, and three patients with intrahepatic involvement required a reoperation several years after the initial surgery. Recurrent cholangitis after biliary reconstruction mainly occurs due to an anastomotic stricture of the hepaticoenterostomy. There was no significant difference in the results between hepaticoduodenostomy and hepaticojejunostomy over a long follow-up period. A wide anastomotic stoma that permits free drainage of bile into the intestine is imperative to the prevention of cholangitis, and can be created by an incision extending along the lateral wall of both the hepatic ducts with a hepaticoenterostomy at the hilum. This procedure is obviously necessary in all patients with or without intrahepatic involvement. Carcinoma of the intrahepatic ducts and the retained distal choledochus have rarely developed in patients undergoing cyst excision followed by biliary reconstruction. Complete excision of the whole extrahepatic bile duct could prevent carcinoma arising in the distal choledochus, although it could not prevent carcinoma arising from the intrahepatic ducts. However, patients with carcinoma of the intrahepatic duct were reported to have had symptoms of biliary stricture for a long time since the cyst excision. Bile stagnation in the intrahepatic ducts is possibly responsible for the development of carcinoma. A wide anastomosis resulting in free drainage of bile appears to be essential to the prevention of carcinoma arising in the intrahepatic ducts after cyst excision.     

A new biliary access technique for the long-term endoscopic management of intrahepatic stones

Intrahepatic stone disease poses a difficult postoperative management problem due to frequent stone recurrence. Most of the methods proposed for long-term access to the intrahepatic biliary tree require multiple sessions of additional, usually invasive, procedures. An alternative method for endoscopic long-term access to the intrahepatic ducts, represented by a side-to-side anastomosis between the isolated Roux-en-Y jejunal limb of the bilioenteric bypass and the duodenum (duodenojejunostomy), was used in eight patients with retained and/or recurrent stones after surgical treatment of intrahepatic stone disease. There were no short- or long-term complications or mortality associated with the duodenojejunostomy. Postoperative endoscopic access to the intrahepatic ducts was successfully achieved in five of six patients: one with stone recurrence, one with a left hepatic duct stricture and stone recurrence and one with known retained postoperative stones. In two patients, no stones were found at endoscopy. Side-to-side duodenojejunostomy may be useful in the long-term endoscopic management of recurrent intrahepatic biliary stone disease and should be indicated whenever a bilioenteric anastomosis is performed for the treatment of bilateral intrahepatic stone disease. Introduction Received: August 16, 2001 / Accepted: February 8, 2002     

经肝圆韧带肝膈面径路施行肝内胆肠吻合术治疗肝胆管结石21例临床观察

报告采用经肝圆韧带肝膈面径路施行肝内胆管空肠吻合治疗肝胆管结石２１例，其中伴医源性胆管损伤５例，左肝管结石８例（伴狭窄７例），肝内泥沙状结石并急性化脓性胆管炎２例，胆总管Ｔ管引流术后左肝管残余结石伴囊状扩张３例，胆管外伤、多次胆管手术后及左肝管结石并出血各１例。患者年龄３２～５０岁占７５．９％。２１例经临床观察，效果尚属满意。作者认为，该手术具有操作具有简便易行，术野暴露满意；创伤性小、保存肝组织、勿须切肝；术后能迅速降压减黄等优点。另外，对手术适应证、吻合方法及操作细节、术中注意事项等问题进行了讨论。     

有胆道手术史肝胆管结石的腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术在有胆道手术史的肝胆管结石患者中的应用价值。 方法 2009年3月至2013年3月期间,中航工业三六三医院普外科收治的86例肝胆管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术,其中26例既往有胆道手术史（PBS组）,60例无胆道手术史（NPBS组）。左肝内胆管结石15例,右肝内胆管结石52例,双侧肝内胆管结石19例。回顾性分析患者围手术期的临床资料。 结果 PBS组与NPBS组手术时间分別为（161.4±31.5） min和（155.7±28.1） min,其差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术中出血量分别为（69.2±50.7） mL及（44.1±27.4） mL,PBS组多于NPBS组（P＜0.05）;PBS组术后并发症发生率为53.8%,尤其是腹腔积液明显多于NPBS组（P＜0.05）;2组总残余结石发生率为15.1%,总结石清除率为98.8%;PBS组术后远期并发症发生率为23.1%,明显高于NPBS组（P＜0.05）。 结论 腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术是有胆道手术史肝胆管结石患者一项安全可行且有效的微创治疗选择,尤其适用于无肝萎缩肝胆管结石、结石弥漫分布合并胆管狭窄的双侧肝胆管结石以及合并胆汁性肝硬变的肝胆管结石。     

肝胆管结石的手术治疗：附178例报告

目的探讨肝胆管结石的有效治疗方法。方法回顾性分析178例肝胆管结石的手术治疗患者的临床资料。178例中：T管引流术107例（其中并肝左叶或肝方叶切除7例）；胆肠吻合手术71例（其中并肝左外叶或肝方叶切除11例）。结果术后胆管炎复发率分别为49．5％和24％，再手术率分别为28．7％和8％。结论解除胆道狭窄，去除病灶，通畅引流是预防胆管炎复发，减少再手术率的关键。     

完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性。方法 2011年3～9月,对6例先天性胆总管囊肿行完全腹腔镜下Roux-en-Y吻合术。术中常规切除胆囊,游离囊肿壁,于正常肝总管交界处离断。距十二指肠悬韧带15～20 cm处切断空肠,于断端远端下方约50 cm处用腔镜直线切割吻合器行肠肠吻合,镜下用3-0可吸收线行肝总管-空肠端侧吻合。结果手术均获成功。术后随访3～9个月,平均5.5月,无出血、胆漏、吻合口狭窄、肠漏、腹腔脓肿、逆行感染等并发症发生。结论完全腹腔镜Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿是可行的,并且具有切口小、术后腹壁瘢痕小、创伤轻、美观等微创特点。