Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization: Evaluation with parametric contrast-enhanced ultrasonography

AIM:To evaluate the response of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) to transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) using a simplified protocol of parametric contrastenhanced ultrasound(pCEUS).METHODS:Eighteen patients with HCC(18 target tumors,diameter:2.8-12 cm) were evaluated before,and 20 d after TACE.The distribution and morphology of TACE-induced necrosis in these tumors precluded accurate evaluation by visual assessment or by simple measurements.For pCEUS,a 4.8 mL bolus of SonoVue(Bracco,Milan,Italy) was intravenously administered and analysis of tumor perfusion during the initial phase of enhancement(0-30 s post injection) was performed with dedicated software(Qontrast,Bracco,Milan,Italy).Time-intensity curves were plotted and three parameters were calculated:peak intensity(PI,in percentage %),time to peak(TTP in seconds,s) and area under the curve during wash-in(AUC-WI,in arbitrary units,a.u).Magnetic resonance imaging was the standard imaging modality for post-treatment evaluation.Changes in tumor size were recorded and response was assessed according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria.RESULTS:A statistically significant decrease in PI and AUC-WI was observed in the treated tumors post TACE;PIpre:21.5% ± 8.7%(mean ± SD),PIpost:12.7% ± 6.7%,P < 0.001,AUC-WI pre:17493 ± 9563 a.u,AUCWI post:9585 ± 5494 a.u,P < 0.001.A slight increase in TTP was noted post TACE,but this was not statistically significant;TTP pre:13.1 ± 4.3 s,TTP post:13.6 ± 4.2 s,P = 0.058).The changes in the aforementioned parameters were not accompanied by significant tumor shrinkage.CONCLUSION:pCEUS,even when limited to the study of the arterial phase of tumoral enhancement,can detect and quantify early perfusional changes in HCC post TACE.     

结节性筋膜炎的影像表现

Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging features of nodular fasciitis(NF), which will in return improve the standard and quality of diagnosis. Methods CT (n = 4) and MRI (n = 5) findings of pathologically proved nodular fasciitis in 9 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 9 NF, 5 were located in the lower extremities, 2 in the abdominal wall, and the others in the acoustic duct. The resected tumor size vary from 1.1 to 9. 5 cm in the largest diameter and mean (3.7±0.3) cm. All lesions appeared as a discrete solid mass on imaging. The CT value of lesions was similar to muscle. MR imaging manifested as a hypo to isointense lesion on T1WI and hyperintense signal intensity on T2WI. There was homogeneous or heterogeneous moderate to significant enhancement in the lesions. Conclusion CT and MRI can provide helpful information for the clinical and differential diagnosis of NF.     

Contrast ultrasound in hepatocellular carcinoma at a tertiary liver center: First Indian experience

AIM: To assess the role of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at the first Indian tertiary liver center. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations over 24 mo for diagnosis, surveillance, characterization and follow up of 50 patients in the context of HCC was performed. The source and indication of referrals, change in referral rate, accuracy and usefulness of CEUS in a tertiary liver center equipped with a 64 slice dual energy computer tomography (CT) and 3 tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were studied. Sonovue (BR1, Bracco, Italy, a second generation contrast agent) was used for contrast US studies. Contrast enhanced CT/MRI or both were performed in all patients. The findings were taken as a baseline reference and correlation was done with respect to contrast US. Contrast enhanced MRI was performed using hepatocyte specific gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). Iomeron (400 mg; w/v) was used for dynamic CT examinations. RESULTS: About 20 (40%) of the examinations were referred from clinicians for characterization of a mass from previous imaging. About 15 (30%) were performed for surveillance in chronic liver disease; 5 (10%) examinations were performed for monitoring lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA); 3 (6%) were post trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) assessments and 3 (6%) were patients with h/o iodinated contrast allergy. About 2(4%) were performed on hemodynamically unstable patients in the intensive care with raised alpha fetoprotein and 2(4%) patients were claustrophobic. The number of patients referred from clinicians steadily increased from 12 in the first 12 mo of the study to 38 in the last 12 mo. CEUS was able to diagnose 88% of positive cases of HCC as per reference standards. In the surveillance group, specificity was 53.3% vs 100% by CT/MRI. Post RFA and TACE specificity of lesion characterization by CEUS was 100% in single/large mass assessment, similar to CT/MRI. For non HCC lesions such as regenerative and dysplastic nodules, the specificity was 50% vs 90% by CT/MRI. The positive role of CEUS in imaging spectrum of HCC included a provisional urgent diagnosis of an incidentally detected mass. It further led to a decrease in time for further management. A confident diagnosis on CEUS was possible in cases of characterization of an indeterminate mass, in situations where the patient was unfit for CT/MRI, was allergic to iodinated contrast or had claustrophobia, etc.CEUS was also cost effective, radiation free and an easy modality for monitoring post RFA or TACE lesions. CONCLUSION: CEUS is a valuable augmentation to the practice of ultrasonography, and an irreplaceable modality for confounding cases and interpretation of indeterminate lesions in imaging of HCC.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

脉络膜血管瘤的MRI表现及动态增强研究

Objective To characterize the regular and the dynamic contrast enhancement MR imaging in choroidal hemangioma.Methods MR imaging findings of 30 cases (31eyes, 32 lesions) with choroidal hemangioma confirmed by follow-up results were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, postcontrasted T1-weighted imaging was performed in 30 patients and dynamic contrast enhancement scanning was performed in 26 cases.MRI findings and the time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement were analyzed.Results Among the 32 choroidal hemangiomas, 26 of them were at the temporal side of optic disc and 28 lesions were fusiform.Before enhancement, 23 lesions showed isointense T1-weighted signal and 31 lesions were isointense on T2-weighted imaging.All the lesions showed strong enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted imaging, including 31 homogenously enhanced lesions and one heterogeneously enhanced lesion.Retinal detachments were found in 18 eyes.Fill-in sign were observed in 12 lesions during dynamic contrast enhancement.The time-intensity curve of dynamic contrast enhancement in 28 lesions suggested a pattern with rapid enhancement and slow washout, time to peak (91.00±25.27) s, slope ratio 3.03±1.13, the median of washout ratio 17.06%, enhancement ratio 2.87±0.79.Conclusion MRI showed a few features of the location, shape, signal characteristics, and enhancement pattern in choroidal hemangioma, which may contribut to diagnosis and treatment plan of this disease.     

兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织的磁共振灌注成像的对比研究

目的 通过对比分析兔VX2 肝移植瘤及正常肝组织磁共振灌注成像(PWI)特点及灌注参数之间的差别,探讨PWI 相关参数在肿瘤血流灌注评估中的价值.方法 对24 只新西兰大白兔采用手术直视下瘤组织块包埋法建立兔VX2 肝移植瘤模型,在实验兔接种后第21 天行MRI 检查,获得肝肿瘤组织和正常肝组织的信号强度-时间曲线,并分别记录各感兴趣区的平均强化时间(MTE)、负增强积分(NEI)、达峰时间(TM)、最大下降斜率(MSD)和最大上升斜率(MSI),并将肿瘤组织与正常肝组织的各灌注参数进行比较.结果 兔VX2 肝移植瘤模型中的正常肝组织的MTE、NEI、TM、MSD 和MSI 分别为(208.341±2.226) ms、78.334±8.152、(24.059±1.927) ms、38.221±2.443 和15.389±2.526,肿瘤组织相应的各参数分别为(175.437±4.182) ms、123.203±19.455、(17.061±1.834) ms、125.740±4.842 和67.832±2.882.肿瘤组织的MTE 和TM 低于正常肝组织,而NEI、MSD 和MSI 则高于正常肝组织(P<0.05).结论 肝脏PWI 各灌注参数能较好地区分肿瘤组织与正常肝组织,有助于评估肝脏肿瘤组织灌注特点.     

兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织的磁共振灌注成像的对比研究

目的通过对比分析兔VX2肝移植瘤及正常肝组织磁共振灌注成像（PWI）特点及灌注参数之间的差别,探讨PWI相关参数在肿瘤血流灌注评估中的价值。方法对24只新西兰大白兔采用手术直视下瘤组织块包埋法建立兔VX2肝移植瘤模型,在实验兔接种后第21天行MRI检查,获得肝肿瘤组织和正常肝组织的信号强度-时间曲线,并分别记录各感兴趣区的平均强化时间（MTE）、负增强积分（NEI）、达峰时间（TM）、最大下降斜率（MSD）和最大上升斜率（MSI）,并将肿瘤组织与正常肝组织的各灌注参数进行比较。结果兔VX2肝移植瘤模型中的正常肝组织的MTE、NEI、TM、MSD和MSI分别为（208.341±2.226）ms、78.334±8.152、（24.059±1.927）ms、38.221±2.443和15.389±2.526,肿瘤组织相应的各参数分别为（175.437±4.182）ms、123.203±19.455、（17.061±1.834）ms、125.740±4.842和67.832±2.882。肿瘤组织的MTE和TM低于正常肝组织,而NEI、MSD和MSI则高于正常肝组织（P〈0.05）。结论肝脏PWI各灌注参数能较好地区分肿瘤组织与正常肝组织,有助于评估肝脏肿瘤组织灌注特点。     

CT灌注成像评价肝细胞癌TACE前后血供的初步经验

目的:探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)前后血流灌注变化。材料和方法:对21例HCC患者TACE治疗前、后1个月行CT灌注成像扫描,测量肿瘤组织治疗前后肝动脉灌注值(HAP)、门静脉灌注值(HPP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)。结果:治疗前7例肿瘤组织肝动脉灌注图呈均匀高灌注,14例呈不均匀高灌注,液化坏死区无血流灌注。门静脉灌注图,20例呈低灌注,1例无血流灌注。TACE后肿瘤组织HAP及HPI显著减少,HPP无明显变化。5例病灶碘油完全充填,16例病灶部分区域碘油充填,碘油区无血流灌注,肿瘤残留区仍有血流灌注。结论:CT灌注成像为评价TACE疗效提供了一个新方法。     

Imaging Predictors of Survival in Patients with Single Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Transarterial Chemoembolization

ObjectiveClinical outcomes of patients who undergo transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for single small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not consistent, and may differ based on certain imaging findings. This retrospective study was aimed at determining the efficacy of pre-TACE CT or MR imaging findings in predicting survival outcomes in patients with small HCC upon being treated with TACE. Besides, the study proposed to build a risk prediction model for these patients.Materials and MethodsAltogether, 750 patients with functionally good hepatic reserve who received TACE as the first-line treatment for single small HCC between 2004 and 2014 were included in the study. These patients were randomly assigned into training (n = 525) and validation (n = 225) sets.ResultsAccording to the results of a multivariable Cox analysis, three pre-TACE imaging findings (tumor margin, tumor location, enhancement pattern) and two clinical factors (age, serum albumin level) were selected and scored to create predictive models for overall, local tumor progression (LTP)-free, and progression-free survival in the training set. The median overall survival time in the validation set were 137.5 months, 76.1 months, and 44.0 months for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves of the predictive models for overall, LTP-free, and progression-free survival applied to the validation cohort showed acceptable areas under the curve values (0.734, 0.802, and 0.775 for overall survival; 0.738, 0.789, and 0.791 for LTP-free survival; and 0.671, 0.733, and 0.694 for progression-free survival at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively).ConclusionPre-TACE CT or MR imaging findings could predict survival outcomes in patients with small HCC upon treatment with TACE. Our predictive models including three imaging predictors could be helpful in prognostication, identification, and selection of suitable candidates for TACE in patients with single small HCC.     

MR增强肺灌注成像对肺动脉栓塞治疗疗效评价的可行性及准确性

目的 评价MR肺灌注成像(MRPP)对肺动脉栓塞治疗疗效的可行性及在随访中的作用.方法 60例可疑肺栓塞患者,将MRPP作为常规检查,其中27例同时进行了放射性核素肺通气-灌注显像扫描.将放射性核素肺通气-灌注显像与MRPP进行一致性检验,验证MRPP诊断肺栓塞的可行性.所有患者中有22例抗凝或溶栓治疗后3 d至1个月内进行了MRPP复查,通过分析治疗前后MRPP中肺实质的信号强度变化率(TROS),时间-峰值曲线以及肺动脉主干的相关参数(血流峰值、平均流速、单位时间内流量等),对MR增强肺灌注成像在肺动脉栓塞治疗疗效评价方面的可行性及准确性进行评估.获得的数据采用t检验、秩和检验进行统计学分析.结果 MRPP与放射性核素肺通气-灌注显像具有很好的一致性(以患者为研究对象时Kappa值为0.705,而肺叶、段及亚段的一致性分别为0.7632、0.8280、0.7344).两种方法比较,治疗前后MRPP肺实质强化率分别为(2.86±2.48)和(6.72±2.54)倍(t=3.370,P＜0.01),峰值时间分别为(13.98±5.60)和(12.33±3.63)s(t=3.930,P＜0.01),肺动脉干血流峰值分别为(60.39±15.17)和(69.93±13.22)cm/s(t=2.930,P=0.01),平均流速分别为(11.68±5.46)和(13.54±4.18)cm/s(t=2.380,P＜0.05),差异均有统计学意义,而单位时间内的流量分别为(80.57±24.87)和(85.48±11.81)ml/s,差异无统计学意义(t=0.860,P＞0.05).结论 MRPP与放射性核素肺通气-灌注显像具有很好的一致性.MRPP具有更高的空间分辨率和时间分辨率,并能够对肺血流进行半定量分析.对肺栓塞的诊断和治疗后的评估具有重要的临床意义.     

Serial diffusion-weighted MRI in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Prediction and assessment of response to transarterial chemoembolization. Preliminary experience

Objective

To assess the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in predicting and assessing response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods

Thirty-six patients with cirrhosis and untreated HCC who underwent TACE and MRI within 3 months before and after TACE were assessed. MRI included DWI and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. Two observers measured ADC of HCCs and liver parenchyma on pre- and post-TACE MRIs and measured degree of tumor necrosis on subtracted post-contrast images on post-TACE MRI. Pre-, post-TACE tumor ADC, and changes in tumor ADC (ΔADC) were compared between lesions stratified by degree of tumor necrosis (measured on post-TACE MRI).

Results

Forty seven HCCs were evaluated (mean size 4.4 cm, range 1.0–14.1 cm). HCCs with poor and incomplete response to TACE (<50% necrosis on post-TACE MRI) had significantly lower pre-treatment ADC and lower post TACE ADC compared to HCCs with good/complete response (≥50% necrosis): ADC pre-TACE 1.35 ± 0.42 vs. 1.64 ± 0.39 × 10⁻³ mm²/s (p = 0.042); post-TACE ADC 1.34 ± 0.36 vs. 1.92 ± 0.47 (p = 0.0008). There was no difference in ΔADC values.

Conclusion

This preliminary data suggests that pre-TACE tumor ADC can be used to predict HCC response to TACE.     

颈部淋巴结病变的CT灌注成像研究

目的 分析不同病理类型颈部淋巴结的CT灌注特点及鉴别诊断价值.方法 对83个经病理证实的淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤及肿瘤转移性淋巴结行多层螺旋CT灌注扫描,比较其形态学、血流方式及灌注参数等方面的差异性.3组间灌注参数及淋巴结的长径/横径(L/T)比较采用单因素方差分析和LSD检验.结果 淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤及肿瘤转移性淋巴结3组的平均通过时间(MTT)分别为(28.13±5.08)、(31.08±5.82)、(11.24±5.31)s,肿瘤转移性淋巴结的MTT值低于淋巴结结核、淋巴瘤(P值均＜0.05).3组病变边缘型血流的出现率分别为5/9、4/19、39/55(70.9%),淋巴结结核、转移性淋巴结边缘型血流的出现率高于淋巴瘤(P值均＜0.05);3组中心型血流的出现率分别为2/9、11/19、9/55(16.4%),淋巴瘤中心型血流的出现率高于肿瘤转移性淋巴结和淋巴结结核(P值均＜0.05);3组淋巴结的L/T分别为1.82±0.32、1.80±0.39、1.84±0.36;血流量(BF)分别为(34.23±5.96)、(34.00±6.88)、(35.62±10.84)ml·min-1·100 g-1;血容量(BV)分别为(24.68±2.84)、(25.30±3.16)、(25.15±8.81)ml·100 g-1;达峰时间(TTP)分别为(40.90±8.85)、(40.67±6.45)、(40.98±6.62)s;上述各参数比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 应用CT灌注成像技术,把功能性成像与灌注血流图相结合可全面、客观地对病变做出诊断.

Abstract：

Objective To study the CT perfusion features of various lymph nodes in the neck.Methods Dynamic perfusion CT scanning was performed in 83 neck lymph nodes proved by pathology,including tuberculosis lymph nodes, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes. The shapes, blood flow modes,and perfusion parameters of these lymph nodes were compared among 3 groups. Statistical analysis of L/T and CT perfusion parameters was performed by one-way ANOVA and LSD test. Results The values of MTT of tuberculosis lymph nodes, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes were (28. 13 ±5.08), (31.08 ±5.82),and ( 11.24 ±5.31 ) s,respectively. The MTT of metastatic lymph nodes was statistically lower than that of tuberculosis lymph nodes and lymphoma (P ＜ 0. 05). Their frequencies of marginal blood flow were 5/9,4/19, and 39/55 (70. 9% ), respectively. The frequency of marginal blood flow in the tuberculosis lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes was statistically higher than that of lymphoma ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Their frequencies of central blood flow were 2/9, 11/19, and 9/55 (16.4%), respectively. The frequency of central blood flow in the lymphoma was statistically higher than that of tuberculosis lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Their values of L/T were 1.82 ± 0. 32, 1. 80 ± 0. 39, and 1.84 ± 0. 36,(40. 98 ±6. 62) s,respectively. There were no significant differences in L/T, BF, BV and TTP among tuberculosis lymph nodes, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion CT perfusion,especially combination functional imaging with perfusion images may be helpful in judging the nature of neck lymph nodes.     

多期动态增强MRI对宫颈癌放化疗短期疗效的评价价值

目的 探讨多期动态增强MRI(MDCE-MRI)在宫颈癌放化疗短期疗效评价方面的应用价值.方法 收集经病理证实且准备行放化疗的宫颈癌患者21例,分别在治疗前、治疗第15天、1个月、2个月对其进行MR常规扫描和MDCE-MRI扫描.根据治疗结束后肿块体积变化,将病例主要分成完全缓解组(CR组)和部分缓解组(PR组).分析时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)、平均强化时间(MTE)、达峰时间(TTP)、最大上升斜率(MSI)、最大下降斜率(MSD)、负性积分(NEI)与肿块最终体积变化的关系.结果 本组病例在经过系统放化疗2个月后,CR组有4例,PR组有17例.治疗前MSI与肿瘤缩小率呈显著负相关,NEI与肿瘤缩小率呈显著正相关,相关系数r分别为-0.877、0.819;治疗后15 d TTP及NEI变化率与肿瘤最终缩小率呈显著正相关,r分别为0.765、0.775.说明治疗前MSI、NEI与治疗后15 d TTP变化率、NEI变化率可有预测放化疗后肿瘤体积缩小率的作用.系统放化疗1个月后,各参数的曲线下面积(AUC)值以NEI变化率最大,当其≥96.46%这一临界值时,敏感性为82.4%,特异性为75%.各参数的TIC分析结果为Ⅰ型逐渐增多,Ⅲ型逐渐减少至消失.结论 MDCE-MRI中各参数对宫颈癌放化疗短期疗效的评价有一定价值,其中以MSI、TTP及NEI更为敏感.     

采用256层CT全脑灌注研究烟雾病术后桥血管再通及手术前后脑血流动力学的变化

目的 研究256层CT全脑灌注同时评价烟雾病术后桥血管再通及手术前后脑血流动力学变化的可行性.方法 选取25例烟雾病患者在手术前后均行全脑CTP检查.容积CTA图像通过CTP动脉期原始图像获得,并与术后的常规CTA图像进行比较.测量患者手术侧及对侧的大脑中动脉分布区的灌注参数,包括脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MMT)和达峰时间(TTP),计算术侧/对侧相对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rTTP及rMTT值).采用配对t检验或配对秩符号检验比较手术前后CT灌注参数值及相对值的差异.正态分布数据以x±s表示,非正态分布数据以M(P25～P75)表示.结果 25例患者术后桥血管均显示通畅.容积CTA图像与传统CTA图像显示桥血管情况的结果一致.烟雾病患者血管搭桥术后手术侧大脑中动脉分布区的CBF[72.86(55.54～112.19)ml·100g-1·min-1]、rCBF[1.31(1.05～1.73)]及rCBV(1.45±0.62)明显高于术前的CBF[46.72(28.57～57.67)ml·100g-1·min-1]、rCBF[0.53(0.33～0.82)]及rCBV(1.01±0.36)(Z值分别为-2.72、-2.98,t=-2.85,P值均＜0.05);术后患侧大脑中动脉分布区的MTT[(3.98±2.36)s]、TTP[(17.56±4.38)s]及rTTP(1.01±0.09)明显低于术前的MTT[(5.43±2.07)s]、TTP[(19.40±3.87)s]及rTTP(1.14±0.28)(t值分别为2.41、2.17、2.17,P值均＜0.05).结论 256层CT经单次注射对比剂、单次扫描可同时获得CTA图像及全脑CTP参数图,可对烟雾病术后桥血管再通情况及脑血流动力学变化同时进行评价.