软骨母细胞瘤影像学表现(附10例报告)

目的:探讨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析10例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学资料,10例均有X线平片检查,其中7例同时做CT扫描,3例做了MR检查。结果:10例中,8例X线平片显示病灶边缘清晰,可见偏心膨胀性改变,4例病变累及骨骺,4例X线示病灶内有明显的不规则钙化。7例行CT扫描显示病灶边界清晰和斑点、片状钙化。3例MRI检查显示病灶边界清楚,T1WI低信号、T2WI混杂稍高信号。结论:X线检查是软骨母细胞瘤的首选检查方法,CT和MRI是必要的补充检查方法。软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定的特征性,结合临床病史可以提高该病诊断和鉴别诊断能力。     

膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析22例(31个膝关节)膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死患者的病例资料.所有病例均行X平片和MRI检查,其中8个膝关节同时进行CT检查.结果:X线平片显示无病灶膝关节28个,病灶膝关节3个,显示率9.7%.CT扫描8个膝关节中,显示6个病变膝关节,显示率75%.MRI检查出所有膝关节病灶,检出率100%.结论:MRI是膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死最佳的影像学检查方法,发现骨坏死的敏感性极高,有助于临床诊断和及时治疗.     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎影像学表现

目的 探讨膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎(PVNS)的病理与影像学表现.方法 对21例膝关节PVNS的影像学表现进行回顾性分析,并与手术病理结果对照.结果 4例X线平片表现为关节间隙增宽,关节边缘骨侵蚀伴硬化;8例CT显示关节囊肿胀、软骨下边缘骨侵蚀伴硬化;14例MR显示关节内脂肪垫受侵,10例半月板及交叉韧带受累,13例软骨或骨受侵.所有病例MRI表现均有滑膜增厚、关节内软组织结节,T1WI呈等或低信号,T2WI呈低或高低混杂信号,以及不同程度关节积液.结论 与CT、X线相比,MRI对膝关节PVNS的显示具有特征性,是诊断PVNS最理想的影像学检查方法.     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像诊断

目的:探讨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现.材料和方法:回顾性分析34例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学资料,其中34例均有X线平片,1例X线分层,10例CT扫描,7例做了MRI检查.结果:34例中15例X线平片示病灶内有明显的大小不一的钙化,28例X线平片显示病灶边缘均清晰可见.10例行CT扫描的病例显示清晰病灶边界和相应钙化.7例MRI检查病灶为边界清楚,3例T1WI低信号、T2WI中低信号,4例T1WI低信号、T2WI多房高信号,3例可见相应的骨髓水肿,2例显示骨皮质反应,1例显示关节滑膜炎,1例MRI增强的病灶可见病灶部分实质和分房的间隔明显强化.结论:X线平片仍为软骨母细胞瘤的首选检查方法.CT较好地显示骨骼的微细改变.MRI对显示病灶的范围、大小、周围骨骼及软组织的水肿、骨皮质改变和相应的关节改变有明显的优势,并为鉴别诊断提供信息.     

骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨内腱鞘囊肿的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的23例骨内腱鞘囊肿的临床及影像资料,X线平片检查15例,螺旋CT检查9例,MRI检查6例。4例同时行X线平片和CT检查,3例同时行X线平片和MRI检查。结果:X线、CT表现为骨内邻近关节面的类圆形囊样透亮区,边界清楚,有薄层硬化边,3例CT及其三维重建显示病灶与关节腔相通。MRI在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI和脂肪抑制T2表现为高信号,MRI显示病灶与关节腔相通2例。结论:骨内腱鞘囊肿影像学表现有一定特征,CT及其三维重建对病灶细节显示清晰,可作为首选检查方法。     

软骨肉瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨软骨肉瘤的影像学诊断。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的32例软骨肉瘤的影像学特点。32例均行X线平片检查,其中25例行CT检查,MR检查14例。结果:32例平片发现病变内钙化28例。25例做CT者均见骨质破坏和钙化影,软组织肿块21例,骨膜反应2例。MR表现:肿瘤呈等长T1长T2为主的混杂信号,可见长T1短T2信号分隔,增强扫描示分隔强化和肿块周边部强化,钙化呈长T1短T2信号。结论:骨质破坏、钙化、软组织肿块、弓环状分隔等构成软骨肉瘤的主要影像学特点,对诊断和鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

软骨母细胞瘤MRI及X线平片和CT的表现特征

目的 研究软骨母细胞瘤的影像表现,探讨其MRI与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.方法 分析16例经手术、病理证实的良性软骨母细胞瘤的影像资料,总结其MRI表现与X线平片、CT征象的对应关系.结果 16例软骨母细胞瘤均位于骨骺,大小为0.9 cm×0.8 cm×1.0 cm～4.8 cm×4.3 cm×5.1 cm,呈不同程度的分叶状.在T1WI上以等、低信号为主,T2WI上呈混杂信号,CT上为软组织密度,内见钙化和更低密度区.边缘呈长T1、短T2信号,在CT上表现为硬化边.MRI可见病灶周围有骨髓水肿,在X线和CT上表现为骨质硬化区.病灶邻近软组织肿胀.MRI显示骨膜异常9例,8例与病灶不相邻;X线和(或)CT显示骨膜新生骨6例.MRI显示关节积液12例,CT显示6例.MRI上病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀均见强化.软骨母细胞瘤在扩散加权成像(DWI)上呈等、高信号,在MR平扫中的等T1、等T2成分和长T1、长T2成分,以及骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀在DWI上均呈高信号.结论 MRI和X线平片、CT从不同方面反映软骨母细胞瘤的病理改变,联合应用不同检查手段可更全面显示软骨母细胞瘤的特点.     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像诊断价值

目的：分析软骨母细胞瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析24例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学资料,其中24例均有X线平片,20例CT扫描,12例MRI检查。结果：24例中,X线表现为骨质破坏（22例）,病灶周围硬化边（15例）,病灶内明显的斑点状及片状钙化（14例）。20例CT均显示清晰骨质破坏及硬化边,伴有明显的斑点/片状钙化（18例）,骨膜反应（5例）及周围软组织肿胀（9例）。12例MRI显示边界清楚的长T1、长短混杂T2信号,5例可见明显的骨髓水肿,3例显示骨膜反应,增强4例强化较明显。结论：软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现多具有一定的特征性,综合分析X线、CT、MRI表现有助于正确诊断。     

单发型内生软骨瘤影像学表现分析

目的探讨内生软骨瘤的临床与影像学特征。方法对资料完整并经手术病理证实的单发型内生软骨瘤11例的临床与X线平片、CT、MRI资料进行回顾性分析。结果11例中,掌骨3例,指骨4例,肱骨干1例,股骨干骺端2例,胫骨干骺端1例。掌指骨病灶X线平片表现为囊样、类圆形透光区,瘤内钙化,呈膨胀性生长,骨皮质变薄;四肢长骨病灶在CT表现瘤内软组织密度影,内见斑片状钙化;MRI在T1WI为低信号,T2WI为高信号为主的混杂信号,1例股骨病灶T2WI周围见低信号带。结论影像学检查对本病大多数可做出定性诊断与鉴别诊断。     

成软骨细胞瘤的影像学特征及鉴别诊断

目的:分析成软骨细胞瘤的影像学特征,提高对该病的影像学诊断和鉴别诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经临床病理证实的12例成软骨细胞瘤的平片、CT和MRI表现。结果:12例中肿瘤位于胫骨近端4例,股骨头3例,股骨远端1例,肱骨头3例.胸椎(Th_3)附件1例。11例长骨病变者发生于骨骺和干骺端8例。骨端3例。主要X线表现为圆形或椭圆形骨质破坏区,边界清晰,8例可见硬化边,3例可见病灶内有点状钙化。7例行CT扫描,显示骨质破坏区边界锐利、硬化,病灶内斑点状或云絮状钙化6例。4例行MRI扫描,病灶于T_1WI上表现为等或稍低信号。T_2WI均呈低信号,其内可见点状高信号,STIR上呈均匀高信号;硬化边呈线样低信号,2例病灶周围骨质内有水肿.3例可见相邻关节囊积液。结论:成软骨细胞瘤的影像学表现具有一定特征性,多数可做出正确诊断。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.