开滦煤矿井下矿工心理状况及应对方式的对照研究

目的:了解矿工心理健康现状,比较不同职能井下矿工在心理健康状况、知觉压力和应对方式方面的差异。方法:使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)、中文版知觉压力量表(CPSS)对132名井下一线矿工和110名井下辅助矿工进行问卷调查。结果:(1)井下一线矿工SCL-90的各因子分均高于井下辅助矿工,总分(t=2.21,P0.05)、人际关系障碍(t=2.27,P0.05)、焦虑(t=2.52,P0.05)、偏执(t=2.32,P0.05)、其它因子(t=2.51,P0.05)有显著性差异,恐怖因子有极显著性差异(t=2.93,P0.01);(2)在应对方式上,一线矿工的得分均低于辅助矿工,其中积极应对具有显著差异(t=-2.28,P0.05),知觉压力的得分无显著差异;(3)SCL-90各因子、知觉压力与积极应对存在显著负相关,与消极应对存在显著的正相关(P0.05)。结论:井下一线矿工的心理健康水平、应对方式状况明显不如井下辅助矿工。     

护理专业男生心理健康与应对方式及社会支持的相关研究

目的探讨护理专业男生心理健康状况与应对方式及社会支持的关系,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、特质应对问卷(TCSQ)及社会支持评定量表对132名男护生进行测评并与男医学生相比较。结果①男护生SCL-90总分及各因子得分均高于男医学生,尤其在偏执、人际敏感、焦虑、抑郁及精神病性因子上尤为显著(t4.05,P0.001);②应对方式中男护生积极应对得分低于男医学生,而消极应对得分高于男医学生(t=2.401,P0.05),消极应对与SCL-90各因子呈显著正相关(r=0.576,P0.01);③男护生在社会支持利用度上低于男医学生,客观支持得分高于男医学生,主观支持得分上差别无意义。男护生社会支持各维度与SCL-90各因子呈负相关。结论应对方式和社会支持影响护理专业男生心理健康,高等护理院校应重视男护生心理健康状况,有针对性地开展心理健康教育,加强社会支持,培养积极的应对方式,促进其心理健康发展。     

美沙酮维持治疗者心理健康与社会支持及应对方式的相关分析

目的了解美沙酮维持治疗者的心理健康状况和其与社会支持及应对方式之间的相关性。方法使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对65名美沙酮维持治疗者进行测查。结果美沙酮维持治疗者的SCL-90抑郁因子得分显著高于中国常模(t=2.496,P0.05),SCL-90的焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性等因子和积极应对得分极显著高于中国常模(t=5.241,8.445,9.159,8.417,6.447,3.838;P0.01)。相关分析显示,除SCL-90的强迫因子与社会支持各个维度不相关,偏执因子与支持利用度不相关,敌对因子与积极应对方式不相关外,其他各因子分与社会支持各维度及积极应对方式呈负相关(P0.05),与消极应对方式呈正相关(P0.05)。结论美沙酮维持治疗者的社会支持度较高,但存在严重的心理问题,社会支持及应对方式对心理健康状况具有明显的影响作用。     

煤矿井下特种工心理健康与应对方式的关系

目的:了解煤矿井下特种作业员工的应对方式对心理健康状况的影响。方法:选取了某煤炭企业集团所属10个矿区井下作业1013人为被试,使用症状自评量表(SCL-90)以及简易应对方式量表(SCSQ)进行测量。结果:(1)井下特种作业员工SCL-90总分及躯体化、强迫、焦虑以及精神病性因子得分均显著高于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义(t=3.53,5.28,7.53,2.19,2.82;P0.05)。人际关系得分低于全国常模,其中人际关系因子得分具有显著差异(t=-6.70,-0.75;P0.05);(2)积极应对方式和消极应对方式使用状况均低于全国常模,差异有显著性(t=-2.12,-3.38;P0.05);(3)积极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著负相关,消极应对方式与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈显著正相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:井下特种作业员工心理健康水平显著差于全国一般人群;压力状态下,使用应对方式的情况显著少于全国一般人群;积极应对方式和消极应对方式对特种作业员工的心理健康状况有不同的影响。     

The Relationship between Mental Health and Coping Style in Graduates from Minority Nationality College

目的 了解少数民族大学毕业生的心理健康与应对方式的关系.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL- 90)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对225名少数民族大学毕业生进行调查.结果 少数民族大学毕业生的SCL-90人际敏感、焦虑、恐怖因子得分高于普通大学生常模(t=3.13,2.18,1.95；p＜0.05)；消极应对方式得分与SCL- 90各因子得分呈显著正相关.结论 民族大学毕业生存在着不同程度的心理健康问题,而消极应对方式是影响他们心理健康水平的重要因素.     

民族院校毕业生心理健康与应对方式关系研究

目的了解少数民族大学毕业生的心理健康与应对方式的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对225名少数民族大学毕业生进行调查。结果少数民族大学毕业生的SCL-90人际敏感、焦虑、恐怖因子得分高于普通大学生常模(t=3.13,2.18,1.95;P<0.05);消极应对方式得分与SCL-90各因子得分呈显著正相关。结论民族大学毕业生存在着不同程度的心理健康问题,而消极应对方式是影响他们心理健康水平的重要因素。     

高校贫困生社会支持与心理健康及其人格特征的相关研究

目的 探讨贫困大学生心理健康状况和社会支持状况及人格特征的关系.方法 选取学校贫困生125名为研究组,相对应的120名非贫困生为对照组,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测评.结果 ①贫困生SCL-90的总均分、躯体化水平、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性的因子分显著高于非贫困生;②在社会支持评定量表的主观支持和支持利用度得分贫困生普遍低于非贫困生;③社会支持各维度与SCL-90各因子负相关,与EPQ人格P和N维度呈显著负相关,而与人格E维度呈显著正相关.结论 社会支持对大学生心理健康和人格发展有重要影响,在高校心理健康教育中,要重视学生非智力因素的培养.     

云南贫困医学生心理控制感及其相关因素的研究

目的 探讨贫困医学生心理控制感及其与社会支持、应付方式、心理健康之间的关系。方法 以云南198名贫困学生为研究组，相对应的200名非贫困生为对照组，采用90项症状自评量表(SCL-90)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、多维度-多归因因果量表(MMCS)测评。结果 贫困生心理控制感外倾和SCL-90各因子得分与非贫困生差异显著。与内控倾向的学生相比，外控倾向者社会支持度较低，多采用消极应对方式。结论 贫困大学生总体心理健康水平较低，改善应对方式和心理控制感可能有利于提高贫困大学生的社会支持度和心理健康水平。     

欠发达地区贫困大学生心理健康与应对方式、社会支持的调查研究

目的 了解欠发达地区贫困大学生心理健康状况与社会支持、应对方式的关系,为高校贫困大学生心理卫生工作提供依据.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、领悟社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷对安顺学院大学生进行问卷调查,对276份有效问卷进行分析.结果 贫困大学生心理健康水平与朋友支持相关较高,应对方式影响大学生的心理健康水平;80后和90后贫困大学生在抑郁、焦虑、人际关系和敌对因子存在显著差异(t值分别为-2.20,-2.50,2.40,-2.22;P＜0.05);多元逐步回归分析发现,朋友支持、积极应对和消极应对能够预测心理健康.结论 社会支持、应对方式与心理健康存在关联.需改善贫困大学生的社会支持系统,引导他们采用积极的应对方式.     

社会支持和应对方式与医学生心理健康

目的探讨医学生的社会支持和应对方式与心理健康状况的关系,为医学生心理教育提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持量表和应对方式评定量表对423名医学大学生进行调查分析。结果社会支持与心理健康水平呈正相关;消极应对方式与SCL-90各项指标呈显著性的正相关(r=0.315,0.227,0.247,0.358,0.399,0.359,0.241,0.257,0.267;P>0.01);高症状组的主观支持和社会利用度因子分均低于低症状组(t=-2.386,P<0.05;t=-5.712,P<0.01)。结论医学生心理健康状况与其社会支持、应对方式存在密切相关;对社会支持感受差、利用度低者易引起心理问题;消极应对方式是影响医学生心理健康的重要因素。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964