胃癌基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂表达的临床意义

本研究旨在系统地证实金属基质蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9及其抑制剂TIMP-1、TIMP-2与胃癌临床表现的相关性,并测定MMP-2基因在不同组织中的表达分布,为进一步了解胃癌的发病机制提供依据。资料与方法一、研究对象选取江苏省高淳县人民医院1998年9月至2005年10月手术切除原发性胃癌患者83例,其中男49例(59.04%),女34例(40.96%),年龄29～75岁,中位年龄55岁。其中贲门癌5例,胃体部癌36例,胃窦部癌42例;按病理分型:高分化腺癌8例,中分化腺癌26例,低分化腺癌23例,印戒细胞癌12例,粘液细胞癌14例;按TNM分期:Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期53例,Ⅳ期8例…     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制剂与滋养细胞侵袭性生长关系的研究

目的了解基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和组织抑制剂（TIMPs）在滋养细胞中的定位及其在不同滋养细胞病变中的表达和相互调节作用.方法采用免疫组化方法检测MMP-2、MMP-9和TMP-1、TIMP-2在绒毛膜癌、侵袭性水泡状胎块、水泡状胎块、胎盘植入和超常反应胎盘部位等病变以及胎盘着床部位中的表达.结果MMP-2、9和TIMP-1、2主要在中间滋养细胞和合体滋养细胞表达.滋养细胞在胎盘着床部位仅表达MMP-2;超常反应胎盘部位和胎盘植入不但表达MMP-2,而且多数病例MMP-9（＋）,但阳性强度弱,TIMP-1和TIMP-2（-）;水泡状胎块较强表达MMP-2,伴持续性滋养细胞疾病MMP-9和TIMP-1、2（＋）;侵袭性水泡状胎块和绒毛膜癌MMP-2和MMP-9表达明显增强,TIMP-1和TIMP-2多数（＋）.结论在病理性妊娠中MMP-9活性增强可导致滋养细胞发生过度浸润.MMP-9的过度表达和TIMP-1、2的轻微增加,可能共同增强了肿瘤细胞的侵袭能力.     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与相关泌尿系肿瘤

细胞外基质在肿瘤的浸润与转移中起了关键性的作用。而基质金属蛋白酶和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制刺与细胞外基质动态平衡的调节有着密切关系。通过测定泌尿系肿瘤中的基质金属蛋白酶和金属蛋白酶组织抑制刑可以对肿瘤的预后有比较客观的评价，同时也为泌尿系肿瘤的治疗提供了新的方法。     

基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂与肝纤维化

肝纤维化是各种病因 (病毒性、酒精性、化学性等 )引起的细胞外基质合成超过降解 ,而导致的细胞外基质在肝脏过度沉积的一类疾病。肝纤维化继续发展可以导致肝硬化而严重威胁人类健康。正常肝脏Ｄｉｓｓｅ腔是由非电子密度的细胞外基质组成 ,它包括ＩＶ型胶原、层粘连蛋白、纤维连接蛋白以及蛋白多糖等组成 ,它对于维持肝脏正常结构及肝脏各种细胞的正常功能具有重要作用。当肝纤维化时 ,细胞外基质重构 (ｒｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ) ,Ｄｉｓｓｅ腔正常的不连续的ＩＶ型胶原转变为连续性 ,并且Ｉ、ＩＩＩ型胶原增多。参与细胞外基质重构的酶类主…     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与非小细胞肺癌

临床前期研究证实基质金属蛋白酶家族是锌依赖蛋白酶,与肿瘤浸润、转移及肿瘤血管形成密切相关.临床前期模型研究显示基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂可抑制肿瘤生长和播散.临床上,基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂对非小细胞肺癌的治疗及预后判断也有一定的价值.目前已经开发出多种基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂治疗肿瘤并在进行Ⅰ、Ⅱ期临床实验,几种药物已经进入Ⅲ期临床实验.同时,人们采用多种方法研究基质金属蛋白酶对非小细胞肺癌的作用机制,以期为非小细胞肺癌的治疗开辟一条新途径.     

川芎嗪对肝星状细胞基质金属蛋白酶13和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1表达的影响

背景:既往动物实验表明,川芎嗪能降低肝纤维化大鼠血清Ⅲ型胶原、透明质酸及层粘连蛋白水平,延缓肝纤维化的形成,但其具体作用机制尚不清楚.目的:观察川芎嗪对肝星状细胞增殖及基质金属蛋白酶13和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1 mRNA表达的影响,并探讨川芎嗪抗肝纤维化的可能机制.设计、时间及地点:观察性实验,于2006-11/2007-06在重庆医科大学基础医学研究所完成.材料:盐酸川芎嗪注射液(10 mL∶80 mg),使用时用含体积分数为0.1小牛血清的1640培养基稀释,为巴里莫尔制药(通化)有限公司产品;肝星状细胞株HSC.T6,系SV40转染SD大鼠肝星状细胞而成,其表型为活化的肝星状细胞,由中国医学科学院肿瘤研究所提供.方法:培养肝星状细胞株,传至三四代时增殖明显即可用于实验.实验分为2组,空白对照组:仅加入细胞:药物干预组:分别加入川芎嗪0.01,0.1,1,10,50,100,200,400,600,1 000 mg/L后作用于HSC-T6.主要观察指标:四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法测定肝星状细胞增殖:ELISA法检测Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原及透明质酸质量浓度;反转录-聚合酶链反应检测基质金属蛋白酶13和基质金属蛋白酶13 mRNA的表达.结果:①与空白对照组相比,川芎嗪100～1 000 mg/L各剂量组作用不同时间的吸光度值均降低(P<0.01).在川芎嗪100-1 000 mg/L这一质量浓度范围内,随着药物质量浓度加大,对细胞的抑制作用增加.②川芎嗪(100,200 mg/L)对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原、透明质酸的产生有抑制作用(P<0.05～0.01),并随着药物质量浓度增加,抑制作用增强.10 mg/L川芎嗪对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原均没有影响,但可以降低透明质酸质量浓度(P<0.05).③100,200 mg/L川芎嗪可促进基质金属蛋白酶13的表达,随药物质量浓度增大,基质金属蛋白酶13/基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1比值增大(P<0.05～0.01).结论:川芎嗪抗纤维化的可能机制是抑制肝星状细胞的增殖:促进基质金属蛋白酶13的表达,从而促进胶原降解,使细胞外基质减少.     

基质金属蛋白酶系统在糖尿病及其并发症中的研究进展

糖尿病（DM）及其并发症的发生发展与多种因素有关，除通常所说的遗传和生活方式等因素外，还与众多细胞因子和酶活性改变有关。2型糖尿病（2TDM）广泛的代谢异常可引起基底膜的结构和功能发生改变。这些改变可使血管基底膜的降解与重构机制失常，而细胞外基质（extracellular matrix，ECM）作为血管壁的主要成分在这些生理病理过程发挥重要作用。基质金属蛋白酶（matrix metalloproteinase，MMPs）及其组织抑制因子（tissuse inhibitor of metalloproteinase，TIMPs）在细胞外基质代谢中起重要作用。     

金属基质蛋白酶及其抑制物与子宫内膜癌

细胞外基质（ECM）降解是肿瘤侵袭转移的事要信号和途径。金属基质蛋白酶（MMPs）是溶解基质的一组重要酶类。金属基质蛋白酶组织抑制剂（TIMPs）是MMPs的特异性抑制物，两者的表达，代谢平衡与子宫内膜癌的浸润转移，生理病理和临床预后有密切关系MMPs-TIMPs倜节失衡，ECM降解以及基底膜消失，均可促进子宫内膜癌的发生浸润转移．MMPs．TIMPs表达量的检测可作为早期诊断，监测妇科恶性肿瘤的理想标志物，并可针对其平衡采取相应的肿瘤治疗措施。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制剂与动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的关系研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶（matrixmetalloproteinases,MMPs）是降解细胞外基质的重要酶类,几乎能降解细胞外基质的所有成分。组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂（tissueinhibitorsofmetalloproteinases,TIMPs）是金属蛋白酶的主要内源性特异性抑制剂,是一组能够抑制MMP活性的多功能因子。细胞外基质是血管壁的主要成分,正常情况下,MMPs和TIMPs保持平衡,维持细胞外基质的稳定状态。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9及组织抑制剂-1在大鼠肠粘连形成过程中的作用

目的:探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)在术后肠粘连形成过程中的表达变化及其意义。方法:用干纱布擦伤回肠浆膜,制成大鼠肠粘连模型,采用免疫组化和图像分析方法,与对照组比较,观察术后2、7、14d时粘连肠组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达变化。结果:与对照组比较,术后2d时模型组织中MMP-9的表达显著增加(P<0.05),而术后7、14d时粘连组织中MMP-9的表达较对照组均显著减少(P<0.01);术后各时相点时粘连肠组织中TIMP-1的表达均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:MMP-9及TIMP-1在术后肠粘连的形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1和TIMP-2在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 研究MMP—2、MMP—9、TIMP—1和TIMP—2在乳腺癌中的表达及与临床病理特征的关系。方法 免疫组化SP法检测历例原发性乳腺癌、13例乳腺纤维腺瘤和15例乳腺纤维腺病中的蛋白表达。结果 ①乳腺癌中MMP—2、MMP—9的阳性表达显著高于乳腺纤维腺瘤和纤维腺病(P＜0．05)；②MMP—9的阳性表达与乳腺癌肿瘤大小、临床分期呈正相关(P＜0．05)，伴腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌中MMP—9、MMP—2呈高表达，但TIMP—1显著低表达；乳腺癌中MMP—9与TIMP—1的表达呈负相关(P＜0.05)；③MMP—2、MMP—9表达的乳腺癌患者预后差。结论 乳腺癌中MMP—2、MMP—9表达显著高于乳腺良性病变；可作为判断乳腺癌预后的标记。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9及组织抑制因子-1在老年犬持续性心房颤动心房组织中表达

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶（matrixmetalloproteinase,MMP）-9及组织抑制因子（tissueinhibitorsofmetalloproteinase,TIMP）-1在老年犬持续性心房颤动（房颤）心房肌组织中表达变化及其与心房颤动及纤维化发生的关系。方法健康比格犬18只随机分为成年、老年窦性心律组各5只、成年、老年持续性房颤组各4只。采用Masson三色法染色,计算胶原容积分数以测定纤维化程度,采用RT-PCR检测左心房MMP-9及TIMP-1的mRNA水平表达情况,采用蛋白质印迹法测定其蛋白水平表达情况。结果与成年窦性心律组比较,其余3组心房肌组织纤维化程度明显增高（P〈0．01）;TIMP-1mRNA表达水平下降（P〈0．05）,MMP-9蛋白表达水平升高（P〈0．01）,TIMP-1蛋白表达水平下降（P％0．01）;老年窦性心律组及老年持续性房颤组MMP-9mRNA表达水平较成年窦性心率组升高（P〈0．05）;与成年持续性房颤组比较,老年持续性房颤组纤维化程度增加,胶原容积分数明显增高（P％0．05）,TIMP-l蛋白表达水平下降（P〈0．01）。结论心房组织中MMP9和TIMP1基因表达失衡可能是影响胶原代谢、造成增龄性心房颤动时心房肌纤维化的分子机制之一,与增龄性心房颤动的发生和持续有关。     

Effects of silymarin and pentoxifylline on matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2 expression and apoptosis in experimental hepatic fibrosis

Background: Many therapeutic strategies have been proposed to treat liver fibrosis, but no drugs have been proved effective. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been reported to play a role in some cellular cascades of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether silymarin and pentoxifylline (PTX) have hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects in experimental hepatic fibrosis.Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: silymarin group (silymarin 4 mg/kg · d⁻¹ orally, common bile duct ligation [CBDL]); PTX group (PTX 2 mg/kg · d⁻¹ intraperitoneally, CBDL); sham group (common bile duct [CBD] exploration only); and control group (saline 1 mL/d orally, CBDL). The CBD was explored and dissected sufficiently to allow passage of a 3/0 silk suture via midline laparotomy. On day 10, all animals were euthanized via cervical dislocation. Then, 5-cm³ liver samples from the right lobe were removed for histomorphologic evaluation and 3-mL blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture for biochemical analyses. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-biotin nick end-label (TUNEL) staining method. Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase; total and indirect bilirubin concentration; hepatic MMP-1 and -2 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-l and -2 activity; and transforming-growth factor (TGF)-β₁ concentration were measured. Collagen content was determined by measuring hydroxyproline in liver samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used to estimate lipid peroxidation.Results: Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: silymarin group (n = 7), PTX group (n = 7), sham group (n = 9), and control group (n = 9). Compared with the control group (14.6 [2.44]), mean (SD) hepatocyte apoptosis (as measured by the ratio of TUNEL-positive cells) was significantly suppressed in the silymarin group (1.2 [0.13]; P = 0.001) and the PTX group (3.8 [0.34]; P = 0.001). Mean (SD) MMP-2 activity in the silymarin group (57.35 [9.89] μg/mL; P = 0.04) and the PTX group (46.88 [9.56] μg/mL; P = 0.04) was significantly lower than that observed in the control group (232.32 [79.76] μg/mL). Compared with the control group (1.37 [0.38] μg/mL), TIMP-2 activity was significantly lower in the silymarin group (0.55 [0.13] μg/mL; P = 0.04) and the PTX group (0.42 [0.09] μg/mL; P = 0.01). Compared with the control group (909.17 [117.35] μg/mL), TGF-β₁ was significantly lower in the silymarin group (518.24 [30.34] μg/mL; P = 0.01) and the PTX group (519.57 [47.27] μg/mL; P = 0.01). Histomorphologic changes were significantly greater in the sham group than in the silymarin and PTX groups: hemorrhage (2.44 [0.29] vs 1.29 [0.18] and 1.57 [0.20], respectively; both, P = 0.04); sinusoidal dilatation (2.22 [0.22] vs 1.57 [0.20] and 1.71 [0.18]; both, P = 0.04); presinusoidal polymorphonuclear cell infiltration (3-44 [0.24] vs 2.57 [0.20] and 2.14 [0.26]; P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively); and inflammation (3.44 [0.24] vs 2.57 [0.20] and 2.14 [0.26]; P = 0.03 and P = 0.008, respectively). In the control group, all biochemical markers were elevated, supporting the presence of liver injury. Compared with the control group (630.00 [46.80] U/L), plasma AST activity was significantly lower in the silymarin group (443.11 [78.73]; P = 0.04) and the PTX group (349.42 [34.00]; P = 0.03). Compared with the control group (191.12 [32.93] U/L), plasma ALT activity was significantly lower in the silymarin group (86.14 [4.97]; P = 0.04) and the PTX group (84.14 [11.21]; P = 0.04). MDA concentration was significantly lower in the silymarin group compared with the control group (0.08 [0.01] vs 0.22 [0.03] nmol/mL; P = 0.004); MDA was also significantly lower in the silymarin group than in the PTX group (0.11 [0.02]; P = 0.03).Conclusions: Silymarin and PTX were associated with lower histopathologic liver damage, hepatocyte apoptosis, and regulation of extracellular matrix proteins. Lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes was significantly lower in the silymarin group compared with the PTX group. Silymarin and PTX appeared to have hepatoprotective effects in this experimental liver fibrosis model, but further clinical and experimental studies are needed.     

丹参单体IH764-3对肝星状细胞胶原代谢的影响及其机制研究

目的 研究丹参单体IH764- 3对H2O2刺激的肝星状细胞(HSCs)胶原合成、膜型基质金属蛋白酶(MT1-MMP)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP- 2)及其组织抑制因子(TIMP-2)表达的影响,探讨丹参单体IH76 4-3在调控HSCs胶原代谢中的作用机制.方法 应用体外细胞培养技术,以不同剂量IH764-3干预过氧化氢(H2O2)刺激的HSCs,通过3H脯氨酸(3 H-Pro)掺入法检测HSCs总胶原和I型胶原合成能力,应用Western blot技术检测MT1MMP、MMP-2及TIMP-2蛋白的表达.结果 不同剂量IH764-3(10 μg/ml,20 μg/ml,30 μ/ml,40 μg/ml)作用于H2O2刺激的HSCs 24小时,与单纯H2O2组相比,30 μg/ml组和40 μg/ml组能显著抑制总胶原和I型胶原的合成(P＜0.05),而H2O2组、10 μg/ml组和20 μg/ml组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).IH764-3干预组与H2O2组相比,能够明显上调MT1-MMP和MMP-2的表达,下调TIMP-2表达,并呈剂量依赖性关系.结论 丹参单体IH764-3可能通过下调TIMP-2、上调MT1-MMP及MMP-2表达调控HSCs胶原代谢.     

Dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in severe sepsis

Purpose

Little is known about the dynamic changes of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in sepsis. Our aim was therefore to investigate the time course of MMPs and their inhibitors in patients experiencing severe sepsis.

Methods

Our prospective controlled analysis included 38 patients with severe sepsis. Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were measured daily at a 5-day-long period with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seventeen healthy volunteers were invited as controls.

Results

MMP-2 showed no difference compared to controls, whereas significantly elevated MMP-9 levels were detected on admission (P < .005). Significantly elevated but declining TIMP-1 levels were measured during the whole trial (P < .002-.004). Except for the second day, TIMP-2 levels were significantly lower than controls (P < .05-.009). MMP2/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lower in septic patients (P < .03-.006), whereas MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios were elevated throughout our study (P < .03-.006). MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lower at the first 3 days (P < .05-.008). MMP-9/TIMP-2 was significantly elevated on admission (P < .006).

Conclusions

Our research is the first follow-up study dealing with MMPs, TIMPs, and their ratios in severe sepsis. Our results indicate that MMPs and TIMPs may play a crucial role in severe sepsis, especially TIMP-1, MMP-9, and possibly TIMP-2, after an extensive study.     

新生儿机械通气患者血清MMP-9,TIMP-1测定及研究

目的探讨新生儿机械通气患者肺损伤与患者血清(MMP-9)及其组织抑制因子(TIMP-1)的关系。方法32例机械通气的新生儿患者组与对照组分别均测定血清MMP-9,TIMP-1浓度,并相互进行比较。两组数据比较均用非配对资料的t检验。结果机械通气新生儿患者组血清MMP-9水平较未机械通气新生儿患者组高(P<0.05,而机械通气新生儿患者组血清TIMP-1水平与未机械通气新生儿患者组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论新生儿机械通气后血清中的MMPs/TIMPs失衡,导致MMPs活性增强,过度增强的MMPs活性导致了细胞外基质的降解,可能造成基底膜受损。加速了炎性反应,与新生儿呼吸机相关性肺损伤(VILI)的发生相关联。     

膜型基质金属蛋白酶1在黏着斑激酶相关非激酶诱导肝星状细胞凋亡中的作用

目的应用黏着斑激酶相关非激酶（FRNK）表达质粒瞬时转染纤维连接蛋白（FN）刺激的肝星状细胞（HSC）,探讨膜型基质金属蛋白酶1（MT1-MMP）在FRNK诱导HSC凋亡中的作用。方法在体外,以FN刺激HSC增殖,采用脂质体介导的方法用FRNK表达质粒瞬时转染HSC,应用膜联蛋白／碘化丙啶双标记流式细胞术和透射电镜技术检测细胞的凋亡,蛋白免疫印迹及RT—PCR方法检测FRNK、FAK、p-FAK（Tyr397）、MTI-MMP蛋白及其inRNA表达。结果FRNK表达质粒成功转染HSC,在翻译后水平抑制FAK磷酸化。与空质粒组比较,FRNK表达质粒转染HSC48小时后,HSC凋亡率由（9．28±1．05）％增加至（25．37±1．92）％（P〈0．01）。FRNK抑制FAK磷酸化后在翻译和转录水平上调MT1—MMP表达,2．26±0．14VS1．09±0．15（P〈0．01）;1．58±0．18VS1．00±0．10（P〈0．01）。结论在脂质体介导下瞬时转染FRNK表达质粒可诱导HSC发生凋亡,上调MT1-MMP可能是其机制之一。     

Heparin affects matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases circulating in peripheral blood

Objectives

Blood sampling/handling alters matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) expression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of high molecular weight heparin on MMP and TIMP expression in blood.

Design and methods

We analyzed by gelatin zymography and ELISA assays the effects of different heparin salts, dose- and time-dependence of MMP and TIMP concentrations in plasma and sera collected with and without clot-accelerator in plastic tubes from 50 healthy donors.

Results

The levels and zymography of MMP-2 did not show significant changes among all samples, and during time- and dose-dependent heparin treatments. MMP-9 and TIMP-2 expression were strongly affected by heparin, with significant increase of their content and gelatinolytic activity both in time- and in dose-dependent fashion. Addition of heparin allowed also the displacement of MMP-2 prodomain, favouring zymogen activation.

Conclusions

Heparin has direct and indirect effects, altering MMP/TIMP complexes circulating in blood, and increasing the release of TIMP-2. To avoid misinterpretations due to MMP/TIMP complex alteration and MMP prodomain displacement, heparin should be cautiously used in blood collection procedures.