下肢静脉曲张手术后深静脉血栓形成的原因及预防

目的 探讨下肢静脉曲张手术(varicose vein surgery,VVS)后下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep venous thrombosis,DVT)的原因及预防.方法 回顾性分析1187例VVS患者的临床资料,其中,2010年10月至2011年8月期间425例VVS患者术后预防性应用低分子肝素(LMWH组),2009年1月至2010年9月期间762例VVS患者未用低分子肝素(非LMWH组).结果 皮下瘀斑,创口瘀血,下肢肿胀和/或疼痛在两组间的发生率差异无统计学意义;与血栓形成相关的危险因素可以诱发DVT;非LMWH组发生DVT 8例,LMWH组发生DVT 1例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在LMWH组,LMWH应用5d后的有关凝血功能指标与术前相比无明显变化.结论 VVS后多种因素相互作用诱发DVT;预防性应用低分子肝素能有效降低VVS后DVT,且临床应用是相对安全的.     

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery in Brisbane

There is some evidence that postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may be commoner in cool than in warm climates. To determine whether this complication is less common in the subtropical climate of Brisbane than in more temperate locations, the incidence of DVT after major abdominal surgery was assessed by 125I fibrinogen scanning. In order to avoid overestimating the incidence of DVT, abnormal scans were accepted as diagnostic only if the DVT was confirmed by venography or if the abnormality on the scan fulfilled more stringent criteria than have previously been applied. Thirty-six of 152 patients (24 per cent) developed a DVT; this incidence was significantly lower than in one previous study from Melbourne and higher than that found in South-East Asia and East Africa, but was not significantly different from that reported from Sydney, Japan and several centres in North America and Britain. There was no apparent seasonal variation in the incidence of the complication. The geographical variation in incidence of postoperative DVT may have been overestimated in previous reports and may be at least partly due to variations in screening technique.     

Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after colorectal surgery in a Chinese population

Introduction: Contemporary studies indicate that the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is increasing in the Asian population. The present study aims to evaluate the incidence of postoperative DVT in Chinese patients undergoing surgery for colorectal ­malignancies. Methods: Fifty‐one consecutive patients with carcinoma of the rectum or sigmoid colon scheduled for resection were included in the study. None of the study subjects were given any form of DVT prophylaxis. Serial duplex ultrasound of both lower limbs were examined in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Results: Three patients were excluded from the study because of the presence of DVT noted preoperatively. A total of 20/48 (41.7%) patients developed asymptomatic calf vein thrombosis. One out of 20 patients required anticoagulation because of thrombus propagation. None of the subjects showed signs or symptoms of DVT or pulmonary embolism. A total of 7/20 thrombi resolved completely at 4 weeks after operation. Only old age and smoking were identified as being associated with a higher incidence of DVT. Disseminated disease, type of operation, duration of operation and postoperative complications did not appear to be risk factors for DVT. Conclusion: A high incidence of asymptomatic calf vein thrombosis occurred after colorectal surgery for malignancies in Chinese. The majority did not progress even without anticoagulation.     

骨科手术后患者深静脉血栓的形成及护理

目的：探讨骨科手术后患者深静脉血栓的形成及护理。方法选择在我院骨科行手术治疗的106例患者,随机分为实验组和对照组,分别给予不同护理干预,观察术后深静脉血栓的形成。结果实验组深静脉血栓形成发生率为1.89%;对照组发生率为13.21%。两组比较,差异有统计学意义（x2=4.88,P＜0.05）。结论加强护理能较好的预防骨科术后患者深静脉血栓的形成。     

Popliteal vein thrombosis after radiofrequency ablation of greater saphenous vein for varicose vein

Percutaneous endovenous techniques, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), have become the preferred method for treatment for varicose veins associated with great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. Reports have shown safety and efficacy of these techniques with relatively few complications. Deep venous thrombosis after RFA is rare and usually involves extension of thrombus from great saphenous vein to common femoral vein, hence the requirement for postoperative ultrasound. We report a case of symptomatic popliteal vein thrombosis after RFA of GSV requiring anti-coagulation.     

静脉曲张术后深静脉内径及功能变化的研究进展

原发性下肢静脉曲张是由于血液由深静脉向浅静脉反流而引起的.高压反流的血液通过反流点远心端的一支或多支穿静脉回流入深静脉,从而形成了"深静脉-浅静脉-穿静脉-深静脉"之间的无效循环.进入该循环的血液增加了穿静脉及深静脉的血流负荷,导致二者扩张,继而可能出现功能不全,此即为"超载理论".而不同类型的静脉曲张手术,若能有效阻...     

妇科腹腔镜手术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的:探讨妇科腹腔镜手术后患者下肢深静脉血栓形成的机制与高危因素,总结临床诊治及预防措施。方法:选择2009年3月至2011年12月38例妇科盆腔手术术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的患者作为研究对象,同时选择同期未发生下肢深静脉血栓的200例患者作为对照,回顾分析其临床资料,总结形成下肢深静脉血栓的机制与高危因素,以及诊断、治疗、预防措施。结果:患者均采用血管多普勒超声进行诊断,确诊后立即行抗凝治疗,35例患者血栓全部溶解,3例患者血栓部分溶解。经过2~4周的治疗,患者临床症状明显改善,均未出现肺栓塞症状,病情好转后出院。其中高龄、伴内科合并症、CO2气腹患者术后下肢深静脉血栓发生率相对较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访3个月,无病情恶化、复发。结论:加强妇科腹腔镜手术后患者下肢深静脉血栓的预防,科学合理应用抗凝、溶栓等措施,对于术前合并高血压、高血脂、糖尿病等血液高凝状态的患者,术后严密监测,可有效降低下肢深静脉血栓的发生率,减轻患者痛苦,有效提高生存质量。     

Incidence and pattern of long saphenous vein duplication and its possible implications for recurrence after varicose vein surgery

BACKGROUND: The incidence of long saphenous vein (LSV) duplication has not been clearly established. This anomaly could have implications for recurrence after varicose vein surgery. METHODS: Some 103 saphenograms obtained in 85 patients being considered for peripheral arterial bypass surgery were reviewed. Non-ionic contrast medium was injected directly into the vein or its tributaries at the ankle. Duplications of the LSV and their relation to thigh and calf perforator veins were assessed and recorded by two independent observers. RESULTS: There was evidence of duplication of the LSV in 50 (49 per cent) of the 103 saphenograms. Most duplications were present in the thigh (88 per cent) and the most common pattern was a closed loop (54 per cent). Perforator veins were connected to one branch of the duplication in 42 per cent of the legs (20 per cent of all 103 legs); in half the perforator vein was connected to the non-dominant branch of the duplication. Only ten of the 18 patients who had bilateral saphenograms had duplications in both legs, and only one patient had the same pattern of duplication on both sides. CONCLUSION: The incidence of LSV duplications is higher than previously reported.     

利伐沙班对骨科大手术后深静脉血栓预防作用的研究进展

骨科手术后深静脉血栓发病率高,目前尚缺乏一种特别有效地预防方法.利伐沙班是一种直接凝血因子Xa抑制剂,为口服药物,对骨科术后深静脉血栓的预防作用较依诺肝素更强.本文就利伐沙班抗凝的作用机制、药动学、药物相互作用以及在骨科大手术后抗凝中的应用作一综述.     

OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术后的深静脉血栓发生率

背景：OCM入路微创小切口全髋关节置换术（THA）创伤小、恢复快,理论上可降低DVT的发生率,但目前尚缺乏术后早期影像学检查判定DVT发生率的确切报道。目的：对行OCM入路微创小切口的全髋关节置换患者进行术后常规深静脉造影检查,以明确其深静脉血栓发生率并指导临床血栓预防。方法：行单侧OCM入路微创小切口THA患者27例,男13例,女14例;年龄28-90岁,平均（63.4±16.4）岁;BMI为21.2-29.8 kg/m2,平均（24.9±2.42）kg/m2;其中股骨头坏死9例,股骨颈骨折7例,发育性髋关节发育不良（DDH）6例,髋关节骨关节炎3例,强直性脊柱炎2例。术后行利伐沙班及气压泵治疗。评估手术时间、手术切口长度、肢体长度差异、术后下地行走时间、术后VAS评分（术后1、3 d）、术中和术后出血情况、术中和术后输血情况。股骨颈骨折患者术前及所有患者术后3-5d行双下肢深静脉造影,以明确DVT发生情况。结果：手术切口长8-10 cm,平均（8.5±0.6）cm;手术时间为65-125 min,平均（82±13）min;术中出血量为100-350 ml,平均（225±72）ml;术后引流量为120-905 ml,平均（457±218）ml,共4例患者输血。所有患者术后当天即可进行主动屈髋锻炼,双下肢长度差异均〈1 cm,术后1、3 d的VAS评分分别为0-6分,平均（2.5±1.4）分和0-4分,平均（1.9±1.2）分,所有患者术后2-3 d即可站立或行走。术前7例股骨颈骨折患者中2例发现患侧下肢DVT,术后深静脉造影检查仍提示同侧DVT,其余25例患者术后仅1例股骨颈骨折患者提示健侧腓肠肌静脉丛血栓形成。结论：采用OCM微创小切口手术入路THA可明显降低DVT的发生率。     

高龄患者髋部手术后深静脉血栓形成治疗分析

目的探讨高龄患者髋部手术后深静脉血栓形成的治疗方法及效果。方法对1996年8月-2006年2月12例80岁以上高龄髋部手术后深静脉血栓形成患者的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。采用溶栓、抗凝为主的综合治疗,6例置入下腔静脉滤网防止肺栓塞。结果所有患者随访3-18个月,平均9个月,深静脉血栓症状全部缓解,临床治愈4例,显效6例,有效2例,其它部位再发1例。结论高龄髋部手术患者深静脉血栓形成应进行个体化治疗,早期置入下腔静脉滤网后进行溶栓抗凝等综合治疗安全可靠、效果良好。     

腹腔镜术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的诊治分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜围手术期下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的原因、高危因素及诊治措施.方法 回顾性分析本院2005年3月至2007年1月收治的12例腹腔镜术后深静脉血栓病例的临床资料.结果 腹腔镜术后深静脉血栓占同期收治血栓患者7.3%(12/164),均经溶栓抗凝对症治疗后症状消失,4例放置下腔静脉滤器,无肺栓塞发生.随访3～15个月,无复发.结论 腹腔镜围手术期体位、麻醉等应激状态及患者高危因素均可导致下肢深静脉血栓形成,甚至肺栓塞.围手术期应积极应对,仔细观察处理高危因素,预防深静脉血栓形成.     

踝或中后足部择期手术术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的发病情况研究北大核心CSCD

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients after selective ankle or mid-hindfoot surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 109 patients with ankle or mid-hindfoot disease who had been treated from January 2018 to December 2019 at Department of Orthopaedics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital. They were 65 males and 44 females, aged from 32 to 74 years (average, 49.0 years). Ultrasonography was performed at preoperative 1 day, postoperative 2 and 6 weeks to determine the occurrence, location and clinical symptoms of DVT. The patients were divided into an early DVT group, a late DVT group and a DVT-free group according to the occurrence and onset time of DVT. The 3 groups were compared in terms of gender, age, body mass index and tourniquet duration. Results: The incidence of postoperative lower limb DVT was 22.9% (25/109). All the thromboses were observed beyond the distal plane of the popliteal vein. 72.0% of the DVT patients were clinically asymptomatic. There was no significant difference in gender, age or body mass index between early DVT group (n =17), late DVT group (n =8) and DVT-free group (n =84) ( P >0.05). The incidence was 68.0% (17/25) for early DVT and 32.0% (8/25) for late DVT. The intraoperative tourniquet duration for the early DVT group [(77.7±12.3) min] was significantly longer than that for the late DVT group [(66.8±11.2) min] and for the DVT-free group [(65.9±10.5) min] (P <0.05). Conclusions: The majority of postoperative DVTs may be clinically asymptomatic in patients after selective ankle or mid-hindfoot surgery. Although DVT tends to occur within postoperative 2 weeks, its risk may continue after 2 weeks. Increased tourniquet duration may be associated with incidence of early DVT. Copyright © 2021 by the Chinese Medical Association.     

骨科手术病人术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的危险因素

目的 筛选骨科手术病人术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的危险因素.方法 择期骨科手术病人5133例,性别不限,年龄18～89岁.术前1d访视病人,记录性别、年龄、体重、疾病诊断、吸烟史、合并症、既往病史、实验室检查结果.术中采用全身麻醉、椎管内麻醉或区域神经阻滞.术后第7天采用超声法诊断是否发生DVT,将患者分为非DVT组和DVT组.记录麻醉方法、手术种类、手术时间、是否使用低分子肝素抗凝、术后开始下地时间.将组间差异有统计学意义的因素进行多因素logistic回归分析,筛选该类病人DVT的危险因素.结果 212例患者术后发生DVT,发生率为4.13%.logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄＞64岁、体重指数≥25 kg/m2、合并糖尿病和高血压、既往静脉曲张病史,甘油三酯≥1.7 mmol/L、D-二聚体≥500 ug/L、手术时间＞4h、全身麻醉、术后开始下地时间≥5d是骨科手术病人术后DVT的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 老龄、肥胖、静脉曲张病史、合并糖尿病和高血压、高甘油三酯和D-二聚体水平、长时间手术、全身麻醉、术后卧床时间长是骨科手术病人术后下肢DVT的独立危险因素.     

Thoracic surgery for patients with deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a main cause of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), and therefore both diseases are categorized as a serial pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Treatment goals for DVT include stopping clot propagation and preventing the recurrence of thrombus, the occurrence of PTE, and the development of pulmonary hypertension, which can be a complication of multiple recurrent pulmonary emboli. Clinical guidelines stratify the risk of VTE to 4 levels and recommend the treatment options. In high or extremely high risk patients for VTE, the use of low-dose heparin is recommended. The prevention against VTE, such as elastic compression stockings and intermittent sequential pneumatic leg compression( ISPC), is the most important prophylactic treatment against perioperative PTE by reducing thrombotic risk in low or moderate high risk patients for VET. Since there is no clear evidence that screening all or even selected patients for thrombophilias improves long-term outcomes, the physician's clinical judgment, and consultation with appropriate subspecialists should guide management perioperatively. Once PTE is suspected, immediate and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are mandatory.     

脊柱外伤及手术后并发下肢深静脉血栓的预防

目的探讨脊柱外伤及手术后急性下肢深静脉血栓形成的预防方法。方法回顾本院2000年1月~2004年3月资料完整的812例脊柱外伤及手术病例,发生有症状的下肢深静脉血栓形成25例。其中2003年2月以前病例均未采取血栓预防措施;2003年2月以后对于高危病例,采用以低分子肝素为主的血栓预防措施,比较2组深静脉血栓的发生率。结果未采取预防性措施组病例570例,发生下肢深静脉血栓22例;采取血栓预防措施组病例242例,发生下肢深静脉血栓病例3例。采取预防措施组下肢深静脉血栓的发生率明显低于未采取预防性措施组(P<0.05)。未出现出血等并发症。结论对于深静脉血栓高危患者,伤后或围手术期进行以低分子肝素为主的预防性治疗是必要的。     

Deep vein thrombosis after aneurysm surgery

In a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients who underwent operations for intracranial aneurysms, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was 14%. The diagnosis was based on contrast venography, which was carried out in any patient who showed clinical symptoms and signs of DVT. In the presence of DVT the patient was placed on bed rest and intravenous plus peroral anticoagulation was begun. No complications thought to be related to anticoagulation were observed. A programme of postoperative prophylaxis is suggested for a selected group of aneurysm patients with a high risk for thromboembolic disease.