房水对培养的角膜基质细胞的影响

目的观察房水对角膜基质细胞生长的作用。方法将新西兰大白兔的角膜去除后弹力层、内皮层和上皮层后,得到基质层,用组织块培养法体外培养角膜基质细胞。在实验组的培养基中加入10％房水,对照组使用常规培养基培养。通过CCK8实验测得角膜基质细胞的吸光度（A）值以分析细胞增生的情况。分别在培养基中加入2．5％、5％、10％、15％、20％的房水,用明胶酶谱法检测基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）的活性。结果倒置显微镜观察可见培养的角膜基质细胞呈多角形或树枝状,与对照组相比,实验组的细胞生长状态良好,培养的角膜基质细胞数量明显增加。明胶酶谱法显示实验组的条带比对照组清晰。实验第1～5天分别测角膜基质细胞的A值,实验组的检测条带明显强于对照组,〉10％的房水培养组检测的条带明显强于2．5％、5％房水培养组。CCK8检测表明,培养1～5d实验组的角膜基质细胞A值明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论房水作用于角膜基质细胞后,可促进角膜基质细胞的生长,10％房水对体外培养角膜细胞有促细胞增生的作用。     

模拟微重力条件下兔角膜基质细胞在复合材料上的三维培养

目的 探讨在模拟微重力条件下兔角膜基质细胞在复合材料上的三维生长特性,为构建组织工程角膜提供新的途径.方法 Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法获取原代兔角膜基质细胞,以密度为1×105/mL将第5代细胞种植于无菌复合载体材料上.以模拟微重力条件下培养兔角膜基质细胞为实验组与传统静态培养系统进行细胞培养作对照.分别在6、12、18 d取细胞和载体行苏木精-伊红染色光镜观察和扫描电镜观察;在3、6、9、12、15、18 d取出行CCK-8法检测细胞增生功能.结果 对照组只在材料表面可见单层细胞;实验组大量细胞与载体黏附紧密且生长入载体内部,载体材料降解显著.扫描电镜下实验组可见细胞胞体小且突触丰富,培养第18 d细胞在材料表面分泌大量胶原膜样物;模拟微重力系统促进了细胞增生(P=0.004).结论 模拟微重力环境中在复合材料上培养的兔角膜基质细胞接近生理状态,更适用于组织工程三维构建,为构建更接近生理状态的组织工程角膜提供了依据.     

培养兔角膜基质细胞的一种新方法——悬浮基质片法

目的寻找一种新的、简易的兔角膜基质细胞培养方法。方法去除兔角膜上皮层、后弹力层及内皮细胞层,将处理后剩下的全层基质(简称基质片)置于6孔板中,分别进行悬浮培养(悬浮基质片法)、组织块贴壁培养法培养、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白酶消化法培养。观察所培养细胞的体外生长特性,并进行波形蛋白免疫组化鉴定。结果采用悬浮基质片法可成功培养出兔角膜基质细胞,细胞具有长短不等的数个突起,呈梭形、不规则三角形或纺锤形,核椭圆、居中,胞浆清亮,未见其他细胞混杂其中。悬浮培养8～10d贴壁,贴壁后约5d基本融合。其生物学特性与组织块贴壁培养法及Ⅱ型胶原蛋白酶消化法培养的细胞一致。波形蛋白免疫组化染色显示3种方法均为阳性。结论悬浮基质片法培养角膜基质细胞,不需用酶,且具有简便、可靠、不易污染、成功率高等明显优势,为角膜基质细胞的培养提供了新的途径,值得推广。     

牛角膜基质细胞的两步酶消化法高效分离及体外培养观察

背景高效、低成本分离出生物学功能活性高的角膜基质细胞是开展角膜基础研究的需要。目前的分离方法成本高、分离效率低，而通过培养达到扩增细胞数会导致细胞表型快速改变。应用成本较低的Ⅰ型胶原酶，通过改良的两步酶消化法可能达到高效、快速、低成本分离牛角膜原代基质细胞的目的。目的评价设计的Ⅰ型胶原酶两步酶消化法分离原代牛角膜基质细胞的效果，并观察体外培养原代牛角膜基质细胞的形态学变化。方法分别用基础培养液配制的0．5g／L及1．0g／L Ⅰ型胶原酶以两步酶消化法顺序消化牛角膜组织，分离角膜基质细胞，以细胞计数板进行计数，检测基质细胞收获效率；锥虫蓝染色法检测收获细胞的存活率；分离的细胞进行原代培养，倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态和生长的变化；应用Alexa488标记的鬼笔环肽检测原代培养的牛角膜基质细胞中F—actin的分布。结果牛角膜经两步酶消化法基质逐步解离和降解，绝大多数细胞得以释放和分离，分离的牛角膜基质细胞呈圆形，透亮且大小均匀。每个角膜收获（2．109±0．142）×10。个基质细胞，细胞存活率（91．693±3．551）％，贴壁率（81．195±1．214）％。原代培养的牛角膜基质细胞贴壁呈树突样，铺伸至星状，融合时树突连接呈网状，其F—aetin局限性分布于细胞皮质。结论两步酶消化法可使牛角膜基质完全消化降解，具有高细胞收获率、高细胞存活率和操作简便等特点。原代培养的牛角膜基质细胞呈树突状，F—actin分布于细胞皮质。     

一种培养原代小鼠角膜基质细胞的新方法

目的改良小鼠角膜基质细胞分离培养方法 ,为角膜基质细胞生物学和角膜组织工程等研究提供更好的种子细胞。方法采用Dispase酶消化法联合组织块贴壁法分离、培养原代小鼠角膜基质细胞,倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长情况,通过间接免疫荧光化学染色Vimentin表型和RT-PCR检测Vimentin、Lumican和CK12基因表达对培养的细胞进行鉴别。结果倒置显微镜下可见小鼠角膜基质细胞呈三角形和树枝状,细胞间连接明显,可形成网状连接;免疫荧光化学鉴定小鼠角膜基质细胞表达Vimentin阳性;RT-PCR显示Vimentin和Lumican基因表达阳性,CK12表达阴性。结论 Dispase酶消化法联合组织块贴壁法培养可获得具有角膜基质细胞特性的细胞,本方法为体外获得单纯小鼠角膜基质细胞提供了简单高效的途径。     

兔角膜内皮、上皮及基质细胞体外培养扩增的研究

目的 建立角膜上皮、基质及内皮细胞体外培养扩增的简单稳定的方法，为组织工程化角膜的构建提供种子细胞。方法 内皮细胞与后弹力层在培养基中孵育后消化法获原代细胞，胰酶消化去除表层上皮后取角膜缘，组织块法培养角膜缘上皮细胞，基质细胞应用胶原酶消化法获原代培养，各细胞融合后胰酶消化依次传代培养。结果 原代内皮细胞4—5d融合成单层细胞，可连续传6—7代。上皮细胞1周左右生长融合，连续传3—4代后细胞形态改变。基质细胞接种6—7d后近融合，传代后增殖明显，可连续传10代。结论依据角膜组织特征选择合适的方法体外分离、培养角膜3种细胞成分，可获连续传代扩增的角膜细胞。     

猪脱细胞角膜基质的制备及组织学特征观察

目的:制备低抗原性、保留天然角膜结构的组织工程角膜支架材料.方法:对猪角膜进行反复冻融联合酶消化,最后冷冻干燥,观察其组织学特征.结果:制备的脱细胞猪角膜基质的细胞成分能被有效去除,材料保留了利于角膜上皮生长的基底膜和有序排列的网状的基质胶原结构,有一定的强度和韧性.结论:采用反复冻融联合酶消化、冷冻干燥法能获得一种无细胞的组织工程角膜支架材料.     

牛角膜基质细胞的两步酶消化法高效分离及体外培养观察

背景 高效、低成本分离出生物学功能活性高的角膜基质细胞是开展角膜基础研究的需要.目前的分离方法成本高、分离效率低,而通过培养达到扩增细胞数会导致细胞表型快速改变.应用成本较低的I型胶原酶,通过改良的两步酶消化法可能达到高效、快速、低成本分离牛角膜原代基质细胞的目的.目的 评价设计的I型胶原酶两步酶消化法分离原代牛角膜基...     

组织工程技术构建兔角膜基质组织的实验研究

目的 探讨应用组织工程技术构建兔角膜基质层组织的可行性。方法 新西兰大白免40只,即母兔及其亲生子兔共20对。分离获取新生子兔角膜基质细胞,扩增、培养,汇合后,接种于聚羟基乙酸(PGA),形成细胞-生物材料复合物,移植于对应的母兔角膜基质层。绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记角膜基质细胞,示踪角膜基质构建过程。同时,对侧角膜仅行PGA移植,作为材料对照组。8周后取材,行组织学切片,Western blot检测Ⅰ型胶原及电镜下测定胶原纤维直径分布。结果术后8周,实验侧角膜逐渐恢复透明,形成新生角膜基质样组织,胶原与角膜表面平行,排列较整齐,组织学结构接近正常基质组织。实验组Western blot检测提示新生组织中基质细胞表达Ⅰ型胶原;电镜下胶原纤维直径[(29.0±4.7)nm]与正常角膜基质组织比较[(28.5±3.5)nm],差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。对照组正常角膜无新生基质组织形成。GFP标记角膜基质细胞,示踪角膜基质第8周时,荧光显微镜下可见新生组织呈绿色,提示GFP表达。结论 应用组织工程技术可以在兔受体角膜内构建角膜基质层组织。(中华眼科杂志,2004,40:517-521)     

角膜内皮细胞改良培养技术的初步探讨

目的 评价角膜后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法分离角膜内皮细胞的效率,分析细胞体外生长的生物学特性.方法 将兔角膜带有内皮细胞的后弹力层完整撕下,用胰蛋白酶-EDTA联合酶消化,纯化的角膜内皮细胞进行体外培养.观察细胞形态,用神经元烯醇化酶抗体进行细胞表型鉴定.苏木精-伊红染色以及茜素红-台盼蓝联合染色分析细胞活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞体外生长过程中Anne xiv-PE的表达情况,透射电镜和扫描电镜进行细胞超微结构形态的观察.结果 带角膜内皮细胞的后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法可快速获得大量纯化的角膜内皮细胞,快速贴壁生长并增生,体外培养3～4d即融合成单层细胞,且表达神经元烯醇化酶抗体阳性,苏木精-伊红染色及活性染色提示细胞功能良好,Annexiv-PE抗体表达水平微弱.结论 角膜后弹力层撕除联合酶消化法可提高角膜内皮细胞的获取和培养效率,为工程化角膜内皮移植膜的构建提供稳定的种子细胞来源.     

Localization of collagen (I) and collagenase mRNA by in situ hybridization during corneal wound healing after epikeratophakia or alkali-burn.

The expression and localization of type I collagen and collagenase gene were studied by in situ hybridization using rabbit cornea during wound healing following epikeratophakia or alkali-burn. In corneas 24 days after epikeratophakia, alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA was detected in keratocytes which had migrated from the host cornea into the keratolens. In contrast, collagenase mRNA was detected in cells which seemed to be inflammatory cells around the suture between the host stroma and the keratolens. The increase of alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA in keratocytes was observed in corneas 94 days after epikeratophakia and in alkali-burned corneas 1-2 months after the burn. These results provide evidence that keratocytes synthesize collagen and that this synthesizing activity lasts for a long period during corneal wound healing.     

Long-term storage of endocytosed latex beads in keratocytes in vivo.

Endocytosis by keratocytes (corneal fibroblasts) is an important part of the host defense system. To investigate the long-term fate of endocytosed materials, we injected polystyrene latex beads into the corneal stroma of four rabbits. The corneal stroma was observed under a transmission electron microscope 4 and 800 days after the injection. After 4 days, the beads were found not only between the collagen fibers of the stroma, but also in some keratocytes. After 800 days, no extracellular beads were seen, but endocytosed beads remained, surrounded by limiting membranes, in the cytoplasm of keratocytes. These observations demonstrate that keratocytes endocytose latex beads and store them for a long time, isolating these foreign materials from the corneal stroma. These observations suggest that keratocytes, like some other fibroblasts perform a noninflammatory and nonimmunological defense function.     

Morphological characteristics and intercellular connections of corneal keratocytes

PURPOSE: To investigate the morphological characteristics of keratocytes and the interconnection of keratocytes with adjacent keratocytes using the flat preparation method and scanning electron microscopy with a frontal section of the human corneal stroma. METHODS: The thin, corneal collagen lamellae were carefully dissected from the cornea (n=7), which had been stained by the flat preparation method. The remaining tissue was fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and observed by transmission electron microscopy following the frontal section. RESULTS: The flat preparation revealed the corneal fibroblasts between the lamellae of the collagen fibers and showed that the ramifying cellular processes of the keratocytes were in contact with the cytoplasmic processes or cell bodies of neighboring fibroblasts. Two types of discrete subpopulations of keratocytes were identified: a smaller, cellular type of keratocyte with spindle-shaped nucleus with heterochromatin, and a larger, cellular type with a large indented nucleus with relatively scanty cytoplasm. Collagen fibers ran parallel to each other toward the fenestration of the cytoplasmic wall of the keratocyte. CONCLUSIONS: These flat preparation method results showed that the keratocytes within the corneal stroma are interconnected with the adjacent keratocytes, which indicates the presence of a functional communicating network through the keratocyte circuits within the stroma. A smaller, cellular type of keratocyte with spindle-shaped nucleus was morphologically differentiated from a larger, cellular type with a large, indented nucleus by flat preparation and transmission electron microscopy.     

兔角膜基质细胞在壳聚糖胶原共混膜体外培养研究

目的　探讨壳聚糖 胶原共混膜作为载体体外培养兔角膜基质细胞的可行性。方法　先同时消化角膜上皮及内皮层 ,然后刮去上皮、内皮、前弹力层和后弹力层 ,将剩余的基质层剪碎消化 ,接种在壳聚糖 胶原共混膜上 ,通过间接免疫荧光细胞化学染色对培养的细胞进行鉴别。结果　角膜基质细胞应用消化培养法 4h后部分基质细胞与壳聚糖 胶原共混膜有贴壁现象出现 ,细胞呈梭形。培养 2 4h后 ,基质细胞呈纺锤形且透明 ,此后细胞分裂增殖越来越多并向周围延伸 ,培养第 6天细胞已经达到完全融合状态 ,呈梭形 ,排列比较整齐。在 6d左右达到 10 0 %融合状态 ,间接免疫荧光细胞化学染色、Vim染色、胞浆染色阳性。结论　传代的细胞具有角膜基质细胞的生物特性 ,壳聚糖 胶原共混膜适合角膜基质细胞传代培养     

Modelo animal de ectasia corneal en conejo mediante inyección intraestromal de colagenasa tipo ii

IntroductionCollagenase II has been used to induce experimental keratoconus in animal models. However, its effect when administered by intrastromal injection has not been studied, so the purpose of this study was to study the effects of intrastromal injection of collagenase II on corneal surface and corneal morphology.MethodSix New Zealand rabbits were used, collagenase II was administered by intrastromal injection (5 μL of 2.5 mg/mL) in the right eyes and balanced salt solution in the left eyes. Keratometry was performed to evaluate curvature alteration, also at day 7 corneas were obtained and hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to examine morphologic changes. Likewise, changes in type I collagen expression were investigated by Sirius Red staining and semi-quantitative PCR.ResultsK1, K2, and Km presented differences in the means with statistically significant changes. The morphological changes that were demonstrated were degradation and irregular arrangement of the corneal stroma, increase in the cellular density of keratocytes and slight cellular infiltration. Finally, it was demonstrated that there is greater expression of type I collagen fibers in the experimental group as opposed to the controls and the thickness of the fibers also increased due to the action of collagenase II, however, in terms of genetics there were no changes in the expression of type I collagen at molecular level between the control and experimental groups.ConclusionsCollagenase II administered by intrastromal injection is able to induce changes in the corneal surface and stroma, being able to simulate a model of keratoconus.     

有序排列微模板培养角膜基质细胞及其细胞生物学变化

目的探讨CO2激光打标机处理的有序排列微模板培养兔角膜基质细胞的生长特征及其细胞生物学变化。方法用CO2激光打标机刻制的聚苯乙烯有序排列微模板培养兔角膜基质细胞,模板沟槽划线间隔距离0.25mm者为窄间隔组,间隔距离1mm者为宽间隔组,平板组作为对照组。将角膜基质细胞悬液以1×10^5/mL细胞密度接种于培养板中,倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长情况,苏木精-伊红染色观察细胞排列的形态学差异,免疫荧光法检测培养板上细胞的波形蛋白,实时监测显微镜下观察24h窄间隔组细胞的接触指引特性及细胞的动态生长过程。结果培养第1天倒置显微镜下见3组培养细胞贴壁生长状态无明显区别,窄间隔组和宽间隔组细胞逐渐围绕沟槽接触指引生长,表现为有序排列,且窄间隔组较宽间隔组明显。苏木精-伊红染色和免疫荧光染色显示培养的细胞在窄间隔组沟槽的接触指引下呈有序排列,呈现10余层细胞排列的平行板层结构。3组细胞波形蛋白免疫荧光染色均呈阳性反应。实时监测显微镜下可见窄间隔组细胞体部首先贴壁,在接触指引下生长,而细胞在干燥环境下的凋亡始于细胞伪足突起处。结论利用CO2激光打标机制备的有序排列微模板可获得有序排列的角膜基质细胞,有利于在接近生理状态条件下角膜基质层的构建。     

The ultrastructural changes in the corneal lens stroma of wound healing process following epikeratophakia in rabbits

We investigated the ultrastructural change of corneal lens+ stroma histologically following epikeratophakia in rabbits. Epikeratophakia was performed on rabbit corneas using cryolathed corneal lens+. At days 10, 16, 45, 63 and 90 after the operation, pachymetry was performed, and corneas were excised and analyzed histologically using an electron microscope. At days 16 to 63, collagen fibril density (CFD) in corneal lens+ stroma decreased 57 to 63% of that in the control cornea, but returned to 78% at day 90. The results of pachymetry revealed that postoperative increase of corneal thickness was greater than the expected value at days 10 and 16. However, after that the corneal thickness decreased gradually and became thinner than the expected value after 45 days postoperatively. At days 45 to 90, many activated keratocytes with dilated and well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggestive of active collagen production, were observed in corneal lens+ stroma. Furthermore, at day 90, keratocytes with extended pseudopoidia that suggested phagocytic activity were also observed, especially in the subepithelial zone. These findings indicated that collagen fibrils in the corneal lens+ stroma were damaged under the influence of the cryolathing process and partially exfoliated postoperatively, however, collagen-producing activity increased gradually and the reconstruction of corneal lens+ stroma continued through day 90 after the operation.     

脱细胞猪角膜基质的生物相容性与组织工程化兔角膜上皮移植的研究

目的 探讨脱细胞猪角膜基质的生物相容性,评价组织工程化角膜上皮组织作供体的可行性,观察支架材料的细胞化情况和种子细胞的存活情况.方法 实验研究.采用完全随机化设计的方法,用Dispase-Triton-X-100处理猪角膜基质,脱去角膜细胞;以角膜基质囊袋内植入的方法,观察异种角膜基质植入后的生物相容性,A组:脱细胞猪角膜基质,B组:新鲜猪角膜基质,C组:空白对照组.以组织工程化雄性角膜上皮组织为供体,同种雌性为受体,作板层角膜移植,观察角膜的混浊、水肿、新生血管等情况;组织病理学和免疫组化方法检测支架材料的细胞化情况,Y染色体性别决定基因(SRY)-聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法追踪种子细胞的存活情况.结果 猪角膜基质植入兔角膜囊袋后,角膜逐渐恢复透明,排斥反应指数＜6,组织病理学观察角膜结构完整,胶原纤维平行排列,少许细胞长入脱细胞猪角膜基质边缘,各组免疫组化检测未见CIM+、CD8+T淋巴细胞浸润.组织工程化角膜上皮作异体板层角膜移植后,3～4 d上皮光滑,10～20 d变为透明;15 d时角膜上皮、基质、内皮完整,上皮细胞约4或5层结构,少许基质细胞长入支架,1个月时可见角膜上皮细胞约7或8层细胞,基质纤维排列规则,多量细胞长入脱细胞角膜基质.上皮细胞表达CK3,支架内新生细胞表达波形蛋白.SRY-PCR结果显示种子细胞可以在受体内长期存活.结论 脱细胞猪角膜基质生物相容性良好,组织工程化角膜上皮可作为板层角膜移植的供体,脱细胞猪角膜基质细胞化良好,种子细胞可以在受体内长期存活.     

The fate of antigen-antibody complexes in the rabbit cornea

The mechanisms involved in the clearance of immune deposits in tissues are not yet clear. The cornea was chosen as a model to examine this question due to its avascularity and transparency. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit anti BSA serum were injected at opposite sites into the corneal stroma of unsensitized rabbits. Within a day, a sharp opaque line was seen macroscopically between the two injection sites. Sections of the corneas were examined by light microscopy and electron microscopy; furthermore, immunohistochemical techniques were used. With the light microscope, a precipitation line was seen in the corneal stroma, which was identified as an antigen-antibody complex by immunofluorescence techniques. In the same area infiltrating polymorphonuclear cells and swollen keratocytes were observed. In the ultrathin sections precipitates were seen lying between the collagen fibrils without affecting the structure of the collagen. The swollen keratocytes had an activated rough endoplasmic reticulum. In certain cases the precipitates appeared to be intracellular, both in the polymorphonuclear cells, as well as in the keratocytes. These findings suggest that stromal keratocytes may play an important role in the degradation of corneal immune deposits.     

圆锥角膜各期的共焦显微镜表现

目的评价共焦显微镜在圆锥角膜临床研究中的应用价值。方法应用共焦显微镜观察圆锥角膜患者32例（48眼）及正常对照组17例（28眼），分别比较早、中、晚期圆锥角膜与正常对照组的图像特点。结果早期圆锥角膜出现激活状态的角膜细胞、浅基质层的细小皱褶、深基质层的暗纹、部分内皮细胞异形性明显，中、晚期圆锥角膜出现角膜上皮细胞拉伸、细胞核皱缩；基质细胞排列紊乱、基质层暗纹；而对照组未发现上述表现。各期圆锥角膜的角膜基质层厚度、不同深度角膜基质细胞密度、内皮细胞密度与对照组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论共焦显微镜对早期圆锥角膜的发现以及圆锥角膜病理发展的研究具有重要的临床价值。