不同鼻腔填塞物对鼻内镜术后伤口疼痛和止血效果的临床观察

鼻内镜手术是近年来鼻科学领域治疗慢性鼻窦炎的主要方法,术后止血常使用凡士林纱条填塞,时有渗血,拔纱条时出血多,填塞及抽取凡士林纱条病人痛苦大。我们通过观察采用凡士林纱条、胶原蛋白海绵、Merocel以及藻酸钙纤维4种填塞材料经鼻腔填塞的病人,通过对填塞期和抽取时病人的舒适程度、鼻出血量两个方面的观察,比较它们的痛苦程度和止血效果,报道如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组病例为2003年6月~2005年6月在我院接受鼻内镜下鼻窦开放术的鼻窦炎病人,共67例,男43例,女24例;年龄17~69岁,平均33.2岁;所有病人均在局麻下接受手术,术前检查…     

三种鼻腔填塞材料在鼻内镜手术中的疗效比较

目的：探讨三种鼻腔填塞材料在鼻内镜手术中的应用效果。方法：2004年1月至8月为慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉75例行内窥镜鼻窦手术，男49例,女26例,平均42 岁。Ⅱ型2期36例,Ⅱ 型3期21例,Ⅲ型18例。局部或全身麻醉下行Messerklinger鼻窦内窥镜手术,术后随机予以凡士林油纱条、Merocel高分子止血棉、瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料中的一种填塞鼻腔,每组25例，48～72?h后取出填塞物，观察患者鼻痛、头痛的程度及取出填塞物后的渗血情况，判断疗效。结果：凡士林油纱条组80％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，64％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料组60％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，12％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；Merocel高分子止血棉组44％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，24％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；三组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：三种鼻腔填塞材料中凡士林油纱条疗效可靠，价格低廉，但痛苦明显；Merocel 高分子止血棉、瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料止血效果好，痛苦小，但价格略昂贵，临床应用中可视情况而定。     

三种填塞材料在鼻内镜术后填塞中的临床效果分析

目的　探讨三种不同的填塞材料在在鼻内镜术后填塞中的临床效果。方法　选取60例鼻-鼻窦炎患者,术前采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）、Lund-kennedy鼻内镜检查评分系统,Lund-mackay鼻窦CT评分系统进行鼻窦病变严重程度评价,全部行鼻内镜鼻窦手术,术后根据情况分别置入凡士林胶皮指套（20例）、膨胀海棉（20例）、凡士林纱条（20例）进行填塞止血,48小时后取出填塞物。观察不同填塞材料在鼻内镜术后填塞应用中的止血效果,抽取鼻腔填塞物时难易程度、患者疼痛程度及鼻腔黏膜出血情况等,判断疗效。结果　凡士林纱条胶皮指套填塞期与抽取时患者疼痛程度小,抽取时难度小、出血量少;膨胀海棉组患者填塞期出血量多;凡士林纱条组患者填塞期及抽取时疼痛程度高。结论　自制凡士林纱条外套胶皮指套填塞物,表面光滑,无刺激性,具有弹性、黏膜之间黏附性小,抽取时较容易,鼻腔清洁度佳,达到满意临床效果,材料来源容易,制作工艺简单,价格低廉,对基层医院有临床推广价值。     

流程化拔除鼻腔填塞膨胀海绵的应用

鼻内镜手术广泛运用于临床,术后填塞材料众多,凡士林纱条、Merocel、瑞纳及硅胶管等[1]。对于填塞方法的改进也有了很多的论述,使用个性化填塞[2]、填塞物中加用利多卡因[3]等。对于如何拔除鼻腔填塞膨胀海绵才能够减少患者的疼痛与出血,我们做了一些研究,报道如下。     

内镜鼻窦手术后Rhino凝胶填塞效果的观察

目的 前瞻性比较新型鼻腔填塞材料Rhino凝胶与传统填塞物用于内镜鼻窦手术后填塞的效果.方法 对双侧病变基本对称,手术范围基本相同的24例慢性鼻窦炎患者行内镜鼻窦手术,术后右侧鼻腔以Rhino凝胶填塞(观察组),左侧鼻腔以藻酸钙+油纱条填塞(对照组).术后1日抽取对照侧填充物,观察侧凝胶保留至术后1周第1次内镜复查时清理,鼻腔冲洗、鼻喷糖皮质激素等其他局部处理双侧鼻腔相同.采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)记录两侧鼻腔术后当天(填塞期)、术后第1天(抽取左侧填充物时)、术后第2天(抽取左侧填充物后)患者鼻痛、鼻堵程度,分泌物、渗血、流泪量,以及术后内镜复查术腔恢复情况(干痂、分泌物、反应膜、黏膜水肿、囊泡、窦口阻塞),并对两组上述11项观察项目评分和上皮化时间进行比较.结果 苏醒时因血压过高,凝胶侧鼻腔出血改用纱条填塞1例;外地患者失访2例.余21例完成2～20个月的随访.术后当天、术后第1天鼻痛,术后当天流泪评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z值分别为-3.575、-3.546、-2.736,P值均<0.05);术后第1天渗血评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-3.075,P<0.05);术后1周术腔干痂评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-2.103,P<0.05);其余各项评分差异无统计学意义;凝胶侧术腔平均上皮化时间为(10.7±2.6)周,对照侧为(10.6±2.9)周,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.146,P=0.886).结论 Rhino凝胶可减轻患者鼻腔填塞期的不适,并可避免专门撤除填充物造成的痛苦和出血,较传统方法有明显的优越性.在促进术腔恢复方面与传统方式相当.     

鼻中隔矫正术后鼻腔硅胶管填塞的临床观察

目的探讨鼻中隔矫正术后鼻腔填塞硅胶管对术后反应的影响。方法对60例鼻中隔偏曲患者。分为观察组和对照组。手术结束时，观察组30例用硅胶管填塞鼻腔，对照组30例用凡士林纱条填塞鼻腔。观察比较两组患者的术后反应。结果硅胶管鼻腔填塞较凡士林纱条鼻腔填塞的术后不良反应明显减轻。结论硅胶管是鼻中隔矫正术后较为理想的鼻腔填塞物。     

爱康肤银敷料用于鼻内镜术后填塞效果的临床观察

目的:比较鼻内镜手术后爱康肤银敷料(AquacelAg)与膨胀海绵填塞术腔的疗效,指导临床选择合适的术后填塞物。方法:对24例慢性鼻窦炎患者在鼻内镜术后应用爱康肤银敷料填塞右侧鼻腔(爱康肤银敷料组),并以膨胀海绵填塞左侧鼻腔作为对照(膨胀海绵组);观察、评价填塞期及抽取时两侧鼻腔的舒适程度及渗血量,并比较抽取的难易程度,及术后1周鼻黏膜水肿情况。结果:爱康肤银组填塞期与抽取时患者不适度比膨胀海绵组轻(P<0.01);填塞及抽取时2组出血量的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1周鼻黏膜水肿2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:爱康肤银敷料是一种良好的鼻内镜术后填塞材料。     

藻酸钙敷料在鼻内镜术后术腔填塞效果的临床观察

目的 比较鼻内镜手术(endoscopic sinus surgery,ESS)后藻酸钙敷料(Sorbalgon(?)Tamponade Strips)与金霉素油纱条填塞术腔的效果,以寻求更好的鼻腔、鼻窦填塞材料。方法 对53例慢性鼻窦炎患者在鼻内镜手术后应用藻酸钙敷料随机填塞一侧鼻腔,金霉素油纱条填塞另一侧鼻腔作为对照。观察及评价填塞与抽取时,两侧鼻腔的出血量、疼痛及鼻粘膜水肿情况;并对两侧鼻粘膜进行光镜观察及比较。结果 应用藻酸钙敷料填塞止血效果好,填塞及抽取时出血少(P<0.01);鼻腔疼痛轻(P<0.01);术后鼻腔粘膜水肿轻(P<0.05)。填塞藻酸钙敷料的鼻腔,术后第三周鼻粘膜炎性细胞浸润程度与填塞金霉素油纱条的对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 藻酸钙敷料是较理想的鼻腔手术后填塞止血材料。     

藻酸钙敷料在鼻内镜手术中的应用

慢性鼻窦炎是耳鼻咽喉科的常见病,随着鼻内镜下鼻窦手术的开展,明显提高了治愈率.但由于鼻腔鼻窦的解剖结构和手术特点,手术后鼻内填塞物的选择已成为鼻内镜手术技术不可分割的重要组成部分.凡士林纱条填塞经济有效,但有填塞时疼痛、填塞时间长、取出时出血较多等缺点.藻酸钙是一种新型的伤口敷料.为寻求更好鼻内镜手术后鼻腔填塞材料,我们对鼻内镜手术后用藻酸钙填塞与凡士林油纱条填塞做一个比较观察.     

个性化鼻腔填塞在鼻内镜术后的应用

鼻内镜手术广泛运用于临床,目前术后用的填塞材料众多,有凡士林纱条、明胶海绵、膨胀止血海绵、瑞纳凝胶气囊和藻酸钙纤维填塞的报道。结合它们的止血效果以及使患者产生的适感度,目前我科室常规使用的是膨胀止血海绵。如何更好的使用膨胀止血海绵,达到更好的效果,我科室对鼻内镜下鼻中隔黏膜下切除术后膨胀止血海绵填塞作了个性化处理,并观察比较了它们的通气情况、疼痛不适程度以及拔除填塞物后情况,报道如下。     

Rhino凝胶止血材料用于鼻腔填塞的临床观察

目的：探讨Rhino凝胶止血材料在鼻腔、鼻窦术后及严重鼻出血的临床应用价值。方法：对传统的凡士林纱条和新型的凝胶止血材料进行鼻腔填塞的2组病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析，并对2种填塞方法在填塞期和抽取时患者的鼻腔疼痛和（或）头痛，控制出血的有效性和抽取填塞物的难易程度进行比较。结果：Rhino组在填塞期和抽取时患者鼻腔疼痛和（或）头痛比凡士林组轻（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。填塞期24h出血量差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但在抽取时出血量差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），抽取填塞物时，Rhino组比凡士林纱条组容易（P〈0．01）。结论：Rhino具有药物止血和压迫止血双重功能，是一种理想的鼻腔填塞物。     

鼻内镜术后两种鼻腔填塞物的疗效对比

目的 比较鼻内镜术后数字纱布和藻酸钙鼻腔填塞的疗效。方法 将60例慢性鼻窦炎/鼻息肉患者随机分组,鼻内镜术后分别行数字纱布或藻酸钙填塞,并行鼻内镜手术前后自查量表调查。该自查量表包括术前鼻腔通气评分,手术当天及术后第1天(拔除填塞物当天)鼻腔通气评分、鼻腔胀痛评分、头痛评分、牙齿酸痛评分、鼻腔出血停止时间、出血量情况及发热情况等。通过该量表的调查,分析比较数字纱布和藻酸钙的疗效。结果 两组患者术前鼻腔通气评分差异无统计学意义。两组患者手术当天鼻腔通气评分有统计学差异,而鼻腔胀痛评分、头痛评分、牙齿酸痛评分、鼻腔出血停止时间均差异无统计学意义;两组患者鼻腔出血均为阴性、无发热。两组患者术后第1天鼻腔通气评分、鼻腔胀痛评分、头痛评分、牙齿酸痛评分、鼻腔出血停止时间均差异无统计学意义,两组患者鼻腔出血均为阴性、无发热。结论 数字纱布作为一种新型的鼻腔填塞物用于慢性鼻窦炎/鼻息肉患者鼻内镜术后,相比藻酸钙而言,具有鼻腔通气佳等优点,值得在临床推广使用。     

Nasal septal packing: which one?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different types of nasal packs on pain, nasal fullness and postoperative bleeding following septoplasty. Prospective randomised double blind study was conducted. The study group included 119 patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty under general anaesthesia. Four types of nasal packing materials were utilized: (1) Merocel standard 8-cm nasal dressing without airway, (2) Doyle Combo splint (DCS), (3) Merocel in a glove finger and (4) Vaseline gauze. All packs were removed at the 48th hour (±3?h) after the surgery. Three different variables were investigated following the surgical procedure: (1) pain, (2) nasal fullness and (3) bleeding after removal of the nasal packing material. DCS produced the greatest pain at the first and sixth postoperative hours. At the first postoperative day, the greatest pain score was reported for Merocel in the glove finger and the least for Merocel. The pain scores during the removal of the nasal packings were highest for Merocel and lowest for Merocel in the glove finger. DCS had the lowest nasal fullness score. Bleeding ratio was highest for Merocel, followed by Vaseline gauze, DCS and Merocel in the glove finger. Many different commercially available packing materials are presently used, each with inherent advantages and disadvantages. We evaluated the pain, nasal fullness and bleeding potential of four nasal packing materials and determined that Merocel had the highest pain potential during removal and the highest rate of bleeding following removal.     

改良自制鼻咽通气管在FESS术后填塞中的应用

目的 在功能性内镜鼻窦手术(FESS)后鼻腔填塞的同时使用改良自制鼻咽通气管,研究患者临床症状的改善情况。 方法 收集2013年1月至2015年3月行双侧FESS手术162例的临床资料,其中83例术后鼻腔填塞时使用改良自制鼻咽通气管(观察组),79例不采用通气管(对照组)。记录手术时间等指标,采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评价患者填塞后头痛、鼻部胀痛、睡眠情况、咽部不适等症状。 结果 在术后24 h的VAS评分比较中,头痛症状观察组为3.1±1.2,对照组为5.2±7.5;鼻部胀痛症状评分观察组为3.5±1.5,对照组为6.1±1.7;睡眠评分观察组为3.3±1.2,对照组为4.8±1.6,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。咽部不适症状评分观察组为4.1±1.5,对照组为4.5±1.6,差异无统计学意义(P=0.10)。 结论 鼻腔FESS手术后应用改良自制鼻咽通气管能有效改善患者术后疼痛等临床症状。     

A randomized study to compare calcium sodium alginate fibre with two commonly used materials for packing after nasal surgery.

A prospective randomized study was undertaken to compare the qualities of calcium sodium alginate (Kaltostat), trousered paraffin gauze, and glove finger packs as nasal packing material following the operation of partial inferior turbinectomy. All three types of packing material were found to be similarly effective in preventing bleeding whilst the packs were in situ. Calcium sodium alginate (Kaltostat) was associated with significantly less bleeding on pack removal than the other two packing materials. Further, irrespective of the material used, leaving the packs in situ for 48 hours produced significantly less bleeding than when they were removed after 24 hours.     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎在内镜手术后不填塞的可行性研究和适应证探讨

目的：探讨功能性内镜鼻窦手术（FESS）后不做填塞的安全性和可行性,并对适应证进行研究。方法：对74例慢性鼻窦炎患者（不填塞组）在FESS术后不进行填塞（保障措施包括：适当的病例选择,术前和术后抗炎,止血药物治疗,术中减少损伤,术后细致的防粘连处理）,并与填塞组（20例）进行对比分析。结果：不填塞组在FESS术后均无严重出血发生,术后渗血在2～6h内基本停止;在3个月的随访期内无术腔严重粘连发生。结论：采取适当的处理和预防措施,大多数FESS术后患者可不进行填塞,这可明显减轻患者的术后痛苦,降低治疗成本,也使患者对FESS治疗的依从性增加。     

Nasal packing after septoplasty.

A prospective study to compare 3 different types of nasal pack after septoplasty with or without a supplementary turbinectomy has been performed with respect to discomfort and complications caused by the packing and the short-term results evaluated 3 months after operation. Fingerstall packings gave less problems than either Merocel or hydrocortisone-terramycine gauze packs with ventilation tubes. They were easier to remove and were associated with less persistent secretion in the post-operative period. No definite advantage from the patient's point of view has been demonstrated by the use of tubes and nasal packing. An analysis of the nasal patency 3 months post-operatively by peak-flow index and acoustic rhinometry revealed no differences between groups.     

Evaluation of calcium alginate nasal packing (Algostéril) versus Polyvinyl acetal (Merocel) for nasal packing after inferior turbinate resection

Nasal packing is commonly used to control postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing endonasal surgical procedures. Bleeding and pain on packing removal are frequently reported. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Algosteril to control post-operative nasal bleeding. The secondary objective was to assess nasal bleeding and pain on packing removal, and to evaluate the endoscopic appearance of nasal mucosa 9 days after the procedure. This open, multicenter, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 50 patients undergoing partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, packed with Algosteril on one side versus Polyvinyl acetal tampon (Merocel) on the other side following a left/right randomization. Both nasal packs effectively prevented post-operative bleeding. However, bleeding on packing removal was statistically less frequent and less severe with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.016). In addition, pain was statistically lower with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.0001). A trend to a better healing of the wound on day 9 was observed with Algosteril, leading us to further investigations. Algosteril nasal packing is as effective as Polyvinyl acetal in preventing postoperative bleeding following partial inferior turbinate resection. Its removal, however, is less traumatic for the nasal mucosa and less painful for the patient, therefore improving patient's comfort.     

藻酸钙在鼻中隔手术中的应用

目的 观察藻酸钙与凡士林纱条在鼻中隔手术中应用的效果.方法 60例鼻中隔偏曲在本科接受手术治疗的成年患者,随机分组,实验组和对照组各30例.两组患者接受相同的手术治疗(鼻中隔黏膜下切除术)及常规处理.实验组采用藻酸钙(Sorbalgon)、凡士林纱条鼻腔填塞;对照组采用常规的凡士林纱条填塞.结果 实验组患者鼻腔填塞后自觉不适反应轻;鼻腔尤其鼻中隔黏膜损伤反应较对照组轻,创面渗出少,鼻中隔黏膜修复优于对照组.结论 藻酸钙具有良好的保护创面作用,有利于鼻腔黏膜的早期愈合.     

Randomized controlled trial comparing Merocel® and RapidRhino® packing in the management of anterior epistaxis*

Objectives: A prospective non‐blinded randomized controlled trial to compare the efficacy of Merocel^® and RapidRhino^® nasal packs in the treatment of anterior epistaxis. Methods: Fifty‐two consecutive participants admitted with anterior epistaxis refractory to digital pressure or nasal cautery were randomized to treatment using one or other of the nasal packs. Patients who required repacking because of continued bleeding, only the first packs were included in the analysis. Haemostatic properties of the packs were measured by grading bleeding during and after removal of the pack (0–4, where four is uncontrollable) and by noting if the nose was re‐packed or not. The difficulty of insertion and removal (graded 0–3 by clinician where 3 is the most difficult) and the participant's perception of discomfort (graded 0–10, where 10 is the worst pain) during insertion and removal of the pack were also measured. Results: For bleeding, the mean values for Merocel^® and RapidRhino^® during packing and after pack removal were not significant (P = 0.38 and 0.82 respectively). The mean values of patient discomfort on insertion were 6.9 and 5.0 (P = 0.01), and for discomfort on removal were 4.6 and 3.4 (P = 0.05) respectively. The mean values of insertion graded by the clinician were 1.7 and 0.9 (P = 0.0003), and for removal were 1.4 and 0.4 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: RapidRhino^® and Merocel^® are equally effective in the control of anterior epistaxis but RapidRhino^® is significantly more comfortable for the patient and easier for the healthcare worker during insertion and removal.