性传播疾病对妊娠妇女的影响

近年来,性传播疾病(STD)的发病率逐年上升,成为育龄妇女生殖道感染的主要病因。本文现就临床常见几种STD加以介绍。 一、淋病 是我国最常见的性病之一。它是由淋病奈瑟菌所致的泌尿生殖器化脓性STD,在孕妇中的患病率可达0.5％～7.3％,但约60％～80％的患病孕妇表现为无症状携带者。近年来,此病在我国呈蔓延趋势,对妊娠期妇女及胎儿的危害极大,应引起重视。妊娠期淋病感染除对孕妇造成严重损害外,对胎儿及新生儿亦有严重影响。淋病对妊娠各期均造     

克拉玛依市重点人群梅毒、艾滋病检测结果分析

目的　掌握克拉玛依市梅毒和艾滋病的发病趋势和流行特点 ,为政府部门制定防治政策提供科学依据。　方法　梅毒血清学检测用 RPR和 TPHA进行筛检和证实。HIV抗体血清学检测用酶联免疫吸附实验 ( EL ISA)进行初筛 ,阳性血清用确认实验 ( WB)进行确诊。　结果　在 10 491名受检人员中检出梅毒 5 0例 ,感染率为 0 .48% ;对其中的 4788名进行了 HIV抗体检测 ,检出 HIV感染者 11例 ,感染率为 0 .2 3 %。在 12类重点人群中 ,性病门诊就诊者梅毒感染率为5 .11% ,远高于其它人群 (χ2 =2 5 1.49,P<0 .0 5 ) ;吸毒人员 HIV感染率为 9.2 8% ,明显高于其它人群 (χ2 =3 5 3 .66,P<0 .0 5 )。梅毒和 HIV感染者以本地居民为主 ,感染途径分别以非婚性接触和静脉注射吸毒为主。　结论　我市梅毒感染率呈逐年上升趋势 ;吸毒人群中 HIV流行的危险性加大。加强重点人群性病艾滋病检测和以健康教育为主的行为干预 ,是控制性病艾滋病蔓延的重要措施与手段     

性病艾滋病重点人群健康教育干预效果分析

目的:为探索艾滋病重点人群健康教育方案。方法:2005年5~9月,在无锡市滨湖区随机抽取部分从事美容美发、按摩、宾馆和娱乐场所服务的艾滋病重点人群进行问卷调查,同时对其开展预防性传播疾病/艾滋病宣传教育活动,减少其高危行为。结果:宣教前重点人群的艾滋病知识的知晓率为52.92%,宣教后为83.96%;对艾滋病的态度及行为认知正确率从宣教前的61.40%上升到宣教后的83.18%。结论:性传播疾病/艾滋病健康教育干预能提高人群的知晓率和健康行为形成率,能从根本上提高人的健康意识,起到预防控制疾病的作用。     

重点人群艾滋病病毒抗体筛查结果分析

目的了解重点人群艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染现状,为有效开展艾滋病防控工作提供依据。方法从2010年6月至2011年7月在团结湖社区卫生服务中心体检/就诊者中选取1500名重点人群进行艾滋病抗体检测和分析。结果 1500名受检者中,98.8%来源于体检门诊,男性占44.4%,18～25岁年龄组占67.5%,文化程度以初中为主,占77.3%。HIV抗体初筛阳性8人,确认阳性2人,均有男男性行为史。结论重点人群存在HIV感染和传播的风险,应加大重点场所艾滋病宣教和干预工作力度,遏制艾滋病蔓延。     

德阳市1998-2001年性传播疾病疫情分析

德阳市 1986年首次报告性病以后 ,疫情呈上升趋势 ,1998年发病最多 ,报告发病率为 10 8 0 4/10万 ;1999年以后 ,疫情有下降趋势 ,现将 1998-2 0 0 1年性病疫情分析结果报告如下。1　材料与方法1 1　资料来源　 1998-2 0 0 1年德阳市性病疫情来源于所辖的3市 2县 1区的性病疫情报表 ,疫情报告覆盖面 10 0 %。1 2　监测病种构成　包括《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和卫生部《性病防治管理办法》规定要求监测的艾滋病 /ＨＩＶ(+ )、淋病、非淋菌性尿道炎、尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹、性病性淋巴肉芽肿　软下疳、梅毒等 8种性传播疾病。1 3　统计…     

佳木斯口岸地区重点人群性传播疾病的监测

性传播疾病(STD)是国境卫生检疫机关传染病监测的疾病之一。近三年来随着佳木斯口岸的对外开放,出入境人员成倍增加,STD也呈上升趋势,为了更有效的控制STD经佳木斯口岸传入、传出,制定出有力的防治措施,我们对1991～1992年口岸地区     

防治艾滋病农民工是一个重点人群

目前，全国从农村转移到城市中务工的劳动力人口超过1亿。有关方面估计，近几年这个人群的人数还会继续增加。农民工年龄集中在20～39岁之间，是处于性活动和生育活动的时期，感染性传播疾病（STDs）和艾滋病（AIDS）的可能性很大。     

西安市高危人群性传播疾病现状调查

目的：调查西安市性传播HIV／AIDS感染的流行情况，为艾滋病的预防和控制提供依据。方法：采取西安市美发、桑拿按摩人员、歌舞娱乐服务人员（96人），性病门诊病人（109人）血样进行酶联免疫吸附实验检测HIV。结果：调查人群HIV检出率为1．95％。结论：HIV已向性乱人群传播，应加强对该人群的疫情监测，并开展针对艾滋病的干预活动。     

66例女童淋病的实验室诊断及结果分析

淋病是由呈肾形的革兰氏阴性双球菌——淋病奈瑟菌（简称淋球菌）感染，人是淋球菌唯一的自然宿主，目前在国内的性传播疾病（STD）统计资料中占首位。淋球菌以侵袭生殖泌尿系统粘膜的柱状上皮细胞和移行上皮细胞为特征的化脓性性传播疾病。     

吸毒者中桥梁人群和非桥梁人群传播HIV危险性研究

目的研究注射吸毒者作为桥梁人群通过性行为传播STI(性传播疾病)和HIV(艾滋病病毒)给性伴的现象,探讨桥梁人群和非桥梁人群传播HIV的危险性。方法采用横断面整群抽样方法,面对面进行结构化无个人特征信息的问卷调查。同时采血检测HIV、HCV(丙型肝炎)和梅毒抗体。结果312名吸毒者参加本次研究。确定是桥梁人群的吸毒者154人,占49.4%。在桥梁人群中有83.1%注射过毒品;35%(54人)在过去几个月内与他人共用针头或注射器;87%(134人)在过去1年有1个或更多商业性伙伴。53.5%的女性和8.2%的男性桥梁人群每次和商业性伴发生性行为时使用安全套。3.9%的桥梁人群和4.6%的非桥梁人群与固定性伴每次使用安全套。1名男性桥梁人群检出感染了HIV。58%(90/154)的桥梁人群和46.8%(74/158)的非桥梁人群检出感染丙肝(χ2=4.21,P=0.04)。24名(15.6%)桥梁人群和11名(7%)非桥梁人群检出梅毒阳性(χ2=5.82,P=0.02)。结论吸毒者中的桥梁人群传播STI/HIV的危险度较高。应加强吸毒人群的健康教育和相关行为干预。     

Renal manifestations of sexually transmitted diseases: sexually transmitted diseases and the kidney

The adolescent population is particularly vulnerable to STDs. Those that cause significant kidney disease are of viral origin. The primary VVD are HIV-1, HBV, and HCV. Screening of high-risk populations should include quantitation of proteinuria, including total protein and microalbumin, to assess severity of renal damage and potential for progression. Renal biopsy is indicated for diagnosis and for planning important treatment interventions if there is significant proteinuria or decreased renal function. Causes of acute renal failure are frequently reversible and should be treated aggressively. These include HUS, vaso-motor or ischemic acute tubular necrosis, and drug toxicities. The spectrum of chronic kidney disease associated with VVD is broad and may include systemic manifestations of vasculitis. HIV-associated nephropathy is the prototype, with the most prevalent lesion remaining FSGS. Progression occurs in up to 15% of the patients, who are overwhelmingly of African lineage. Significant advances in management include ongoing development of HAART, angiotensin antagonists to control proteinuria, and novel immune-modulating drugs such as MMF, CsA, and rituximab. Dialysis therapies have offered improved survival, especially in pediatric patients. Moreover, transplantation is no longer considered experimental and should be offered to select patients.     

德化县HBsAg阳性服务业人员HBV标志物及ALT测定结果分析

为观察我县服务业即食品与公共场所从业人员HBV阳性检出率和阳性人群乙型肝炎病毒标志及与ALT检测结果关系，我们于1998-1999年对全县服务业从业人员进行HBsAg及HBsAg阳性血清进行两对半和ALT结果测定，现报告如下：     

Techniques of testing for sexually transmitted diseases

Adolescent and young adult women are the highest-risk group for nearly all sexually transmitted infections. This article reviews diagnostic methods for the most common bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections, with special attention to the use of nucleic acid amplification methods, as well as the utilization of nontraditional clinical specimens. These new modalities should help the care provider identify and manage the large asymptomatic pool of infected patients, and further lower the prevalence and burden of infection.     

Spread of sexually transmitted diseases

The World Health Organization has stressed the importance of preventing and controlling sexually transmitted diseases (STD) at the global level, also in light of the high costs represented by sequaele and complications for both children and adults. In industrialised countries, STD represent the most commonly notified infectious disease. Moreover, in non-industrialised, especially in Africa, STD represent the major reason for which adults seek health care. In Italy, data based on statutory notifications suggest that the incidence of gonorrhoea and syphilis has decreased in the past 20 years, though annual rates are underestimated. This report presents the data collected by the Italian System for the Surveillance of STD.     

新疆口岸朝觐人群性传播疾病检测结果分析

目的了解新疆口岸朝觐人员性传播疾病的流行趋势和传播途径,为进一步预防控制性传播疾病提供科学依据。方法在新疆口岸,对由新疆民族宗教委员会组织的朝觐人员采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和血清反应素试验(RPR)法进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒检测。结果 2001—2009年,新疆各口岸共对18877名朝觐人员进行体检,检出梅毒感染者192例,检出率为1.02%;HIV-Ab阳性9例,检出率为0.05%。结论加强朝觐人群传染病监测工作,了解性传播疾病感染现状和传播途径,制定有效防控对策,降低发病率,对控制国际旅行者传染病传播非常重要。     

Control of sexually transmitted diseases in Senegal

STD are an important public health problem in numerous developing countries. Although satisfactory diagnostic and therapeutic means are available, the incidence of STD is increasing. Among the causes for this are sociological factors, like the weakening of customs and the family unit, and the development of tourism, which stimulates prostitution. There is a marked ignorance of the population in respect to STD. The Senegalese Government, WHO, and the Geneva-based Sandoz Institute launched in 1976 a joint programme of service, training and sesearch. The research aims at developing a preventive approach, especially through health education. While the three centers set up have accomplished good work locally, results are still disappointing from a public health point of view. Weak spots are in particular: - inadequacy of the social and contact-tracing services; -lack of action at the periphery and of integration with primary health care; -lack of coordination with other sectors (including police), and with professionals of various disciplines who should contribute to the socio-economic investigation of the problem. Several groups have recently been created in Senegal to support the project. An evaluation will soon be carried out. Such programmes should be implemented in other countries of the region.     

2011年浙江省平阳县性病监测分析

目的了解2011年浙江省平阳县性病发病趋势和流行特征,为制定性病预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法对平阳县2011年性病疫情监测数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2011年全县共报告性病1 050例,与去年同期相比增长了58.85%,发病率为124.27/10万,病例构成中,梅毒、尖锐湿疣、淋病排在前3位。男女性别比为0.78∶1。年龄以20～29岁年龄组为主。结论 2011年平阳县性病发病率与上年相比呈上升态势,性病疫情形势不容乐观,应采取有效措施加强对高危人群的宣传教育和行为干预力度。