乳腺导管扩张症诊治经验与手术技巧

乳腺导管扩张症曾有许多其他名称,如浆细胞性乳腺炎、导管周围乳腺炎、粉刺样乳腺炎、乳汁淤积性乳腺炎、肉芽肿性乳腺炎等.该病最初的、根本的病理变化是乳腺导管扩张,因此以乳腺导管扩张症命名最为合理~([1]).     

乳腺导管扩张症

乳腺导管扩张症(maary duct ectasia,MDE)最初由Bloodgood[1]于1923年提出,文献报道中,MDE有许多名称,如浆细胞性乳腺炎、粉刺性乳腺炎、导管周围乳腺炎、乳腺分泌性疾病、乳腺静脉曲张样瘤等.Dixon[2]认为这些命名只是反映了该病不同阶段的表现,将其命名为导管周围乳腺炎/乳管扩张症较为合理.     

浆细胞性乳腺炎的诊断与治疗

浆细胞性乳腺炎(plasma cell mastitis,PCM),又称乳腺导管扩张症(mammary duct ectasia,MDE),是一种好发于非哺乳期、以导管扩张、浆细胞浸润病变为基础的慢性、非细菌性乳腺炎症。据国内外报道,其发病率约占乳腺良性疾病的1.41%~5.36%[1]。因其病因不明,临床表现复杂多变,极易与乳腺癌相混淆,因此误诊率可高达56.9%~73.1%[2]。随着先进医疗器械在临床诊断中的应用和对该病广泛深入地研究,人们已有了新的认识,现就浆细胞性乳腺炎的命名与定义、病因与病理、临床表现与分期、诊断与辅助诊断及其治疗问题分别进行介绍。一、命名与定义该病…     

乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎差异的探讨

目的：分析乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎临床上的差异。提出各自独立诊断的论据。方法：结合24例乳腺导管扩张症和28例浆细胞性乳腺炎对两病的临床症状、鉴别诊断、手术治疗、病理结果进行比较分析。结果：乳腺导管扩张症临床表现为乳头溢液和乳腺肿物，主要与乳腺肿物和早期乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术以局部切除多见，病理表现为导管扩张及导管周围明显炎性改变。浆细胞性乳腺炎临床表现为乳腺肿物和炎性改变，主要与晚期乳腺癌和炎性乳腺癌鉴别诊断，手术切除的范围较大。病理变化以乳腺组织的炎性反应和多发性脓肿为主。结论：乳腺导管扩张症和浆细胞性乳腺炎有明显的差异，应作为这两种疾病独立诊断。     

浆细胞性乳腺炎的诊治进展

浆细胞性乳腺炎又称导管周围乳腺炎或乳腺导管扩张症,好发于中青年女性,病因尚不明确,临床表现复杂多变,易误诊为乳腺癌.早期诊断和分期有助于避免不必要的手术.目前对该病的治疗方法尚无一致认识,现代医学仍以手术治疗为主,中医主张内外兼治,彻底切除病灶同时保证美容效果是当前研究的重点,本文主要综述浆细胞性乳腺炎的病因、病理、诊断和治疗的研究进展.     

乳腺导管扩张症研究进展

乳腺导管扩张症是临床上较常见的一种良性乳腺疾病,但由于该病临床及病理表现复杂,疾病命名多样,治疗手段也千变万化,若认识不清,极易造成误诊误治。对近年来国内外关于乳腺导管扩张症的病因、临床表现、诊断及治疗方面的进展做一系统综述。     

乳腺导管扩张症的治疗

乳腺导管扩张症（mammaryductectasia,MDE）最早由Bloodgood在1923年提出。在对该病的不断研究中,“浆细胞性乳腺炎（plasmacellmastiffs）”、“导管周围性乳腺炎（periductalmastitis）”等也被用于描述MDE。目前,学者们对以上疾病之间的关系尚未达成共识。     

乳腺导管扩张症的诊断及治疗

乳腺导管扩张症的诊断及治疗天津市肿瘤医院乳腺科（３０００６０）石松魁乳腺导管扩张症虽不常见，但临床上与其它乳房疾病，尤其是乳癌较难区别，常导致误诊误治。现就我院资料及诊治经验，结合文献加以论述。１关于命名乳腺导管扩张症在历史文献小曾根据不同的临床病理...     

浆细胞性乳腺炎研究进展

浆细胞性乳腺炎又称管周性乳腺炎、乳腺导管扩张症 ,是一种以非周期性乳房疼痛、乳头溢液、乳头凹陷、乳晕区肿块、非哺乳期乳房脓肿、乳头部瘘管为主要临床表现的良性乳房疾患[1] 。其发病率约占乳房良性疾病的 4 %～ 5 % [2 ] ,过去主要与乳腺癌相混淆而采取不必要的乳房单切或根治术 ,近来对它的认识越来越深入 ,下面从几个方面进行介绍。1　命名本病名称繁多 ,不同时期对其认识的不同产生了各种名称 ,多数学者认为每一名称仅反映其疾病过程中的某一病理阶段。 192 3年 ,Ｂｌｏｏｄｇｏｏｄ因在乳晕区的皮肤下常能触及扩张的乳腺导管呈条…     

非哺乳期乳腺炎诊治专家共识

正非哺乳期乳腺炎(non-puerperal mastitis,NPM)是一组发生在女性非哺乳期、病因不明、良性、非特异性炎症性疾病,包括乳腺导管扩张症(mammary duct ectasia,MDE)/导管周围乳腺炎(periductal mastitis,PDM)、肉芽肿性小叶乳腺炎(granulomatous lobular mastitis,GLM)。近年来该病发病率呈明显上升趋势,虽然是一组良性疾病,但常规抗生     

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??Clinicopathologic features and treatment of mammary duct ectasia MA Rong. Department of Breast Surgery?? Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Abstract Mammary duct ectasia is of common inflammatory disease of breast. It is also called plasma cell mastitis, comedo mastitis, periductal mastitis, granulomatous mastitis and so on. Its primary basic pathologic change is mammary duct dilation. So it is called mammary duct ectasia is more rational. According to its different clinicopathologic features, it can be divided into four stages: duct dilation, inflammatory mass, abscess and fistula. We may treat this disease with different strategy in different stage.     

浆液细胞性乳腺炎(附22例报告)

本文报告了22例浆液细胞性乳腺炎。浆液细胞性乳腺炎又名乳导管扩张症,为一少见的乳腺良性疾病,临床上不易与乳腺癌、乳腺结核等区别而导致处理不当。肿块质硬、边界不清、多位于乳晕区,常伴有刺痛和反复发作史为其特点,据此可与乳腺癌相鉴别。手术是本病唯一的治疗方法。     

Mammillary fistula

Forty women presenting with mammillary fistulas over a 6 year period have been reviewed. The events preceding the fistula were incision of a periareolar breast abscess (n = 24), breast biopsy (n = 13) and spontaneous discharge of an inflammatory mass (n = 3). Only two of the women with abscesses were lactating. Two patients had granulomatous mastitis. The remaining 36 patients were all considered to have periductal mastitis/mammary duct ectasia as the cause of their fistulas. The two mammillary fistulas associated with lactation healed spontaneously. Nine patients had the fistula excised and the wound packed; this resulted in satisfactory healing in all but one patient. Twenty-one patients had excision of the fistula and primary closure, without antibiotic cover, but only ten healed without complications and six patients required further surgical procedures for a recurrent fistula. Six patients had primary excision and closure under antibiotic cover with a penicillin and metronidazole; all healed. Mammillary fistulas are complications of the periductal mastitis/duct ectasia syndrome. They should be treated by excision and primary closure under appropriate antibiotic cover or alternatively excised and left open to granulate.     

Risk factors for duct ectasia

Duct ectasia consists of dilation of the mammary ducts and is clinically manifested as nipple discharge, which is more commonly multiductal, bilateral, and colored. To identify clinical factors that might be related to duct ectasia. A case-control study was carried out on a population of 150 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 (the experimental group) comprised 100 patients with multiductal, bilateral, and colored nipple discharge, clinically representing the nipple secretion of duct ectasia. Group 2 (the control group) was composed of 50 patients without nipple discharge. The odds ratio of duct ectasia was three times higher for current smokers (p=0.04). Likewise, smokers from the duct ectasia group had smoked for a longer time (median 25 months) compared to smokers from the control group (median 15 months) (p=0.02). Parity, history of abortion or termination, breast-feeding, hormonal contraceptive use, and history of breast abscess did not increase the risk for duct ectasia. The group of women with duct ectasia was associated with current tobacco smoking.     

乳腺导管扩张症（附96例报告）

目的 探讨乳腺导管扩张症的诊断及治疗。方法 分析1961－2000年经手术及病理证实的乳腺导管扩张症96例的临床资料。结果 术前误诊72例（75．0％）。根据临床表现的不同采用相应的手术方式：乳管切除术、肿块局部切除术、乳腺区段切除术、单纯乳房切除术、切开引流术、瘘管切除术、乳癌根治术。治愈88例（91．7％），另18例术后症状无明显减轻或复发。结论 乳腺导管扩张症易误诊，手术是治疗的主要手段。     

纤维乳腺导管镜对乳腺非肿瘤性良性病变的诊断及治疗价值(附120例报告)

目的 总结纤维乳腺导管镜在乳管炎及乳管扩张症等非肿瘤性良性病变中的诊断及治疗价值.方法 2005年11月至2008年3月,对120例乳头溢液病例行FDS检查,并对其中95例非肿瘤性良性病变疾病者行术中乳管冲洗,给予庆大霉素及地塞米松灌注治疗.结果 95例非肿瘤性良性病变中,单侧81例,双侧14例,溢液为血性者21例,乳白色者17例,淡黄色者57.FDS拟诊为乳管扩张症17例,乳管炎53例,乳管炎合并乳管扩张症25例.95例经乳管冲洗,庆大霉素及地塞米松灌注治疗后81例溢液减少或消失,有效率为85.3%.结论 FDS检查乳头溢液安全、有效、准确、可靠.对非肿瘤性良性疾病诊断准确,并有明确治疗效果.     

Mammary duct ectasia in children presenting bloody nipple discharge: a case in a pubertal girl

Mammary duct ectasia occurs rarely in childhood. The authors report on the case of a pubertal girl who was operated on for duct ectasia with bloody nipple discharge. Duct ectasia is regarded as a primary lesion; it is considered to be a cause of bloody secretion, and it has a mechanism similar to that of mammary duct papilloma.     

Postlactational tumoral granulomatous mastitis: a localized immune phenomenon.

Recurrent, nodular necrotizing granulomatous mastitis in two patients is reported in detail. Pathologic, immunologic, and bacteriologic studies in one patient indicate that this entity is different from plasmas cell mastitis, fat necrosis, mammary ductal ectasia, and the usual infectious and puerperal mastitis. Systemic antibreast autoimmune mastitis and vasculitis are also ruled out. Its pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, surgical treatment, and prognosis are discussed.