下肢静脉病变与肺动脉栓塞关系的研究

目的 探讨下肢静脉病变与肺栓塞（PE）发病之间的关系。方法 对50例正常对照者和200例临床高度怀疑PE和下肢静脉病变的患者,行^99Tc^m-大颗粒聚合白蛋白（MAA）和^99Tc^m-葡聚糖酯（GP）双下肢静脉显像和肺灌注/通气显像,其中15例进行了肺动脉造影。结果 对照组下肢静脉显像和肺灌注/通气显像均显示正常,200例患者肺灌注/通气显像示：175例为多发性PE,25例正常。175例PE患者中128例有下肢静脉病变,占73.14%（128/175例）,其中下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）119例,占68.00%（119/175例）;25例非PE者均有下肢静脉病变。153例下肢静脉病变者中检出PE128例,占83.66%(128/153例）。下肢DVT 119例,其中由髂、股静脉血栓引发PE者101例,占84.87%（101/119例）。结论 双下肢静脉显像与肺灌注/通气显像联合应用,有助于PE及其病因的诊断。     

Endovascular Treatment Options in the Management of Lower Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis

Lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic anticoagulation therapy is the mainstay of conventional treatment instituted by most physicians for the management of DVT. This has proven efficacy in the prevention of thrombus extension and reduction in the incidence of pulmonary embolism and rethrombosis. Unfortunately, especially in patients with severe and extensive iliofemoral DVT, standard treatment may not be entirely adequate. This is because a considerable proportion of these patients eventually develops postthrombotic syndrome. This is characterized by chronic extremity pain and trophic skin changes, edema, ulceration, and venous claudication. Recent interest in endovascular technologies has led to the development of an assortment of minimally invasive, catheter-based strategies to deal with venous thrombus. These comprise catheter-directed thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy devices, adjuvant venous angioplasty and stenting, and inferior vena cava filters. This article reviews these technologies and discusses their current role as percutaneous treatment strategies for venous thrombotic conditions.     

Iliac vein compression syndrome: outcome of endovascular treatment with long-term follow-up

Objective

To retrospectively evaluate technical success and long-term outcome of endovascular treatment in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).

Materials and methods

Between March 2003 and September 2006, 36 consecutive patients (26 women [72%], 10 men, mean age 50 ± 18 years) with acute or chronic iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome were evaluated for outcome of endovascular treatment. Stent patency was estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 34 of 36 patients (94%). Six patients with acute or subacute thrombosis had chronic occlusion of the left common iliac vein. Rethrombosis of the stents was observed in four patients. Primary and secondary patency rates were 85 and 94% at 1 year, and 80 and 82% at 4 years. Resolution of symptoms was achieved in 17 of 20 patients (85%) with acute and subacute DVT, and 4 of 16 patients (25%) with chronic DVT. Major complication was seen in one patient (3%).

Conclusion

Intimal changes in the left common iliac vein are mostly chronic in nature even in patients with acute DVT secondary to IVCS. Endovascular treatment with stent placement has a high technical success rate and good long-term patency in the treatment of acute and chronic DVT due to IVCS. Symptomatic improvement seems to be better in patients with acute than chronic DVT due to IVCS.     

Iliac vein compression syndrome: Outcome of endovascular treatment with long-term follow-up

ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate technical success and long-term outcome of endovascular treatment in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).Materials and methodsBetween March 2003 and September 2006, 36 consecutive patients (26 women [72%], 10 men, mean age 50 ± 18 years) with acute or chronic iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome were evaluated for outcome of endovascular treatment. Stent patency was estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsTechnical success was achieved in 34 of 36 patients (94%). Six patients with acute or subacute thrombosis had chronic occlusion of the left common iliac vein. Rethrombosis of the stents was observed in four patients. Primary and secondary patency rates were 85 and 94% at 1 year, and 80 and 82% at 4 years. Resolution of symptoms was achieved in 17 of 20 patients (85%) with acute and subacute DVT, and 4 of 16 patients (25%) with chronic DVT. Major complication was seen in one patient (3%).ConclusionIntimal changes in the left common iliac vein are mostly chronic in nature even in patients with acute DVT secondary to IVCS. Endovascular treatment with stent placement has a high technical success rate and good long-term patency in the treatment of acute and chronic DVT due to IVCS. Symptomatic improvement seems to be better in patients with acute than chronic DVT due to IVCS.     

逆行置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的疑虑

目的探讨逆行置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓的有效性和弊端。 方法纳入南京市第一医院介入血管科2010年1月至2017年12月首次发现急性下肢深静脉血栓的患者共213例，其中逆行置管溶栓（CDT）组（150例），单纯抗凝组（63例）。比较两组血栓清除率、6个月的髂股静脉通畅度、12个月PTS情况、静脉瓣膜反流以及生活质量评分。 结果CDT组对于髂静脉血栓清除效果明显优于单纯抗凝（P=0.011），但对于股腘静脉血栓与单纯抗凝无差异（P>0.05）。逆行置管溶栓对于股总静脉血栓的效果在中央型优于混和型（P<0.0 001）。相应的，CDT组6个月的髂静脉通畅率高于单纯抗凝组（P=0.002），而股静脉通畅率两组间无差异（P>0.05）。CDT组PTS发生率以及重度PTS的发生率均低于抗凝组（P<0.0 001），但轻中度PTS发生率两组间无明显差异（P≥0.05）。CDT组12个月的静脉瓣膜反流情况与抗凝组相似（P>0.05），但生活质量要高于抗凝组（P<0.0 001）。 结论逆行置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓对于髂静脉血栓有一定优势，但由于置管困难、对静脉瓣膜损伤等原因，对于累及股腘静脉的血栓，如无特殊情况，建议将逆行置管溶栓作为次选方案。     

Endovascular management of venous thrombotic diseases of the upper torso and extremities

Central venous thrombosis in the upper torso can be either primary, occurring as a result of longstanding extrinsic compression, or secondary, resulting from an acquired intrinsic occlusive disease or foreign body. As in lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), anticoagulation therapy is the mainstay of therapy in upper torso and upper extremity DVT. However, in the presence of severely symptomatic acute thrombosis, pharmacologic and/or mechanical thrombolytic therapy represent the main invasive form of therapy for these conditions. After clearance of the acute thrombotic component, definitive management in patients with underlying anatomic abnormalities can be undertaken. Primary subclavian axillary vein thrombosis caused by extrinsic obstruction at the thoracic outlet is treated with thrombolytic therapy and anticoagulation followed by surgical decompression, whereas secondary causes of central venous obstruction and thrombosis are usually amenable to endovascular treatment with balloon angioplasty and stent placement. Postoperative interval anticoagulation is usually recommended. In addition to clinical follow-up, imaging follow-up with duplex sonography or conventional venography is usually recommended to assess the presence of restenosis and/or residual compression.     

Catheter-directed lysis of iliofemoral vein thrombosis with use of rt-PA

The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of catheter-directed thrombolysis and complementary procedures to treat acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT). A total of 24 consecutive patients with acute iliofemoral DVT underwent intrathrombus drip infusion of alteplase (3 mg/h; mean dosage 86 mg, range 45–174 mg), while intravenous heparin (1000 U/h) was continued. Complementary procedures were hydrodynamic thrombectomy in 3 and primary insertion of a Wallstent in 9 patients. Patency of 19 thrombosed veins (79 %) was restored with prompt symptomatic relief. An underlying anatomical anomaly or lesion was present in 13 patients: iliac vein compression syndrome (n = 8), absent (n = 2) or obstructed (n = 1) vena cava or venous stenosis (n = 2). Ten of the abnormalities were unknown before lysis and eight were relieved by stent deployment. Puncture site bleeding was the only complication but led to transfusion in 6 patients (25 %). Symptomatic reocclusion occurred in 4 patients. Catheter thrombolysis of iliofemoral vein thrombosis revealed many anatomical abnormalities which may predispose to thrombosis and are often amenable to stenting. Received 26 August 1996; Revision received 20 December 1996; Accepted: 30 December 1996     

急性下肢深静脉血栓形成腔内治疗的中远期疗效观察

目的：评估血管腔内治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的中远期疗效。 方法：选取2007年10月至2017年5月东莞市人民医院收治的180例下肢DVT患者,其中120例接受血管腔内治疗联合导管接触性溶栓治疗（介入组）;60例在足量抗凝治疗基础上,经患肢足背静脉局部溶栓（对照组）;所有患者出院后抗凝治疗2年;介入组26例患者停止抗凝后血栓复发,再次接受血管腔内治疗,其后终身抗凝治疗;比较两组的治疗效果、髂静脉通畅率及血栓后综合征（PTS）发生率。 结果：介入组的有效率明显优于对照组（100% vs. 86.7%）,差异有统计学意义（Z=113.679,P<0.05）;介入组治疗1、2、5、10年后,患侧髂静脉血管通畅率分别为89.2%、95%、84.6%、100%,远高于对照组的8.3%、5%、0%、0%;介入组PTS发生率（13.3%）明显低于单纯抗凝治疗组（46.7%）,差异有统计学意义。 结论：血管腔内治疗能有效提高DVT患者的治疗效果,降低PTS的发生率,血管腔内治疗急性DVT安全、有效。     

Unilateral lower extremity edema in May-Thurner syndrome

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) tops the differential diagnosis list for unilateral lower extremity edema, but another entity could imitate or even cause a DVT. May-Thurner syndrome is caused by compression of the left common iliac vein by the overlying right iliac artery, resulting in impeded venous blood flow from the left lower extremity. The left leg becomes edematous, causing discomfort and concern. Early recognition of May-Thurner could prevent a DVT and provide symptomatic relief.     

超声引导下置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓

目的 探讨超声引导下经皮置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床应用价值.方法 自2009年9月至2011年9月共收治下肢DVT患者34例,均采用下腔静脉滤器置入后,患肢在超声引导下经皮置管,持续导管内给予溶栓药物尿激酶50 万u/d和肝素5 000 u/d,交替使用.其中2例患者合并下腔静脉血栓,采用经颈静脉途径释放下腔静脉滤器;2例患者采用大隐静脉置管;其余均采用经皮腘静脉置管.结果 所有患者均置管成功,放置溶栓导管5 ～ 7 d.27例患者术后下肢肿胀基本消失,活动能力明显改善.5例患者活动后仍有较明显乏力和沉重感.1例患者术后3个月复发,再次置管后好转.1例患者术后6个月复发合并健侧下肢DVT,采用外周血管溶栓治疗.所有患者均采用DSA了解溶栓情况,26例患者髂股静脉术后连续性通畅,8例患者阶段性通畅.结论 超声引导下经皮置管溶栓治疗具有创伤小、定位准确、药物剂量个人化以及溶栓率高等优点,是治疗DVT的有效方法.     

64排螺旋CT静脉造影诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT静脉造影(CTV)诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的临床价值。材料和方法:下肢多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)检查12例,同期均做下肢静脉Dopp ler超声(US)检查;其中1例同时进行了肺动脉CT血管造影,并于延迟2m in时行间接法下肢静脉造影检查。病例均采用5mm层厚和层间距行踝关节至髂骨上缘水平的增强CT扫描,并获得原始图像,图像经1.25mm层厚和50%的重叠处理后传送至工作站进行图像后处理。结果:64排螺旋CTV诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)11例,诊断下肢慢性静脉功能不全1例,同时合并肺栓塞1例。以US作对照,64排螺旋CTV显示股静脉和腘静脉血栓的敏感性为100%,特异性98.6%。MSCTV上DVT表现为静脉腔内不规则低密度充盈缺损,慢性静脉功能不全表现为深静脉边缘不规则且于延迟2m in扫描见其远端引流静脉区造影剂点状残留。结论:64排螺旋CTV在显示股腘静脉血栓与US具有同等价值,MSCTV可作为下肢静脉血栓性病变诊断的常规检查方法。     

Underassessment of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis using color flow Doppler compared to compression sonography

The aim of this paper is to compare the accuracy of color Doppler to compression sonography in the diagnosis of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Longitudinal color flow imaging was performed in 60 lower extremities in patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The study was then repeated by a blinded examiner using transverse compression sonography. The results were then correlated. Thirty-five examinations were negative by both color flow and compression methods. Twenty thrombi were diagnosed on compression sonography, while only 13 were diagnosed by the color flow method. Thirty-five percent of thrombi were missed using color flow imaging alone. We conclude that compression sonography should remain an integral part of the assessment of lower extremity DVT, as a significant number of thrombi might be overlooked using longitudinal color flow imaging alone. This is especially true in non-occlusive thrombi that are adherent to the vessel wall.     

髂静脉受压综合征与单侧下肢肿胀

目的探讨髂静脉受压综合征在单侧下肢肿胀病因诊断中的意义及其介入治疗价值。方法左下肢肿胀者32例,经下肢静脉造影确诊为髂静脉受压,所有32例均以左股静脉为穿刺入路,以10或12mm直径的球囊对髂静脉受压或闭塞段行预扩张,然后置入直径为10～16mm的自膨式支架。所有病例术后口服抗凝药治疗6个月。结果所有病例左下肢肿胀均于术后2d内逐渐消失,无严重并发症发生。27例随访资料显示支架通畅率为100%,无深静脉栓塞发生。结论早期发现和治疗髂静脉受压能防止发生下肢深静脉血栓。     

Endovascular management of acute extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis caused by May-Thurner syndrome

PURPOSE: The authors report their experience on the treatment of acute extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT) due to May-Thurner syndrome using endovascular techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 1-year period, 10 symptomatic women (age range, 22-52 years; mean, 35.5 years) were referred for treatment. After ascending venography, an infusion catheter system was placed and urokinase was infused locally into the thrombus burden. After near complete clot dissolution (> or = 95%) or lytic stagnation, the residual left common iliac vein narrowing was treated by means of angioplasty and/or placement of Wallstent endoprosthesis. All patients continued to receive oral warfarin. Patients were followed-up by means of clinic visits, and stent patency was assessed by means of duplex Doppler sonography performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and then yearly thereafter. RESULTS: The total dose of urokinase used and the duration of infusion were 5.87 +/- 2.57 million units (range, 3.18-10.7) and 51.95 +/- 21.57 hours (range, 26.5-89), respectively. After completion of thrombolytic therapy, the iliac vein narrowing was successfully treated by deployment of a Wallstent endoprosthesis in all 10 patients because of failure of angioplasty. No major bleeding complications occurred. Initial clinical success was 100%, with complete resolution of symptoms in all patients. One patient, who was hypercoagulable and was receiving chemotherapy for metastatic adenocarcinoma, had recurrent symptomatic acute DVT 1 month after therapy. She underwent successful repeated lysis. The remaining nine patients were asymptomatic, with a mean follow-up of 15.2 months (range, 6-36 months). One asymptomatic patient, at 36-month follow-up ultrasound, had iliac vein occlusion and well-developed venous collaterals. Serial ultrasonography in all 10 patients showed no evidence of valvular insufficiency in the femoral and popliteal veins. CONCLUSION: Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of acute extensive iliofemoral DVT due to May-Thurner syndrome is an effective method for restoring venous patency and provides relief of the acute symptoms. The underlying left common iliac vein lesion invariably needs to undergo stent placement.     

Compression of the left common iliac vein in asymptomatic subjects and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate compression of the left common iliac vein as demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) and compare compression ratios with those of asymptomatic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2003 and June 2007, compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, as demonstrated with CT, in 34 patients (25 women and nine men; mean age, 51 years; age range, 21-79 years) with IVCS was retrospectively evaluated. Compression ratios were compared with those of 34 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic subjects. A t test was used to compare the compression ratios. RESULTS: The percentages of compression of the left common iliac vein were 45%-100% (mean, 74% +/- 17) for patients with IVCS and 0%-68% (mean, 28% +/- 20) for control subjects (P < .05). Of the 34 patients with IVCS, 11 (32%) had less than 70% compression and 23 (68%) had at least 70% compression. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable overlap between the degree of compression in patients with IVCS and control subjects. Compression of the left common iliac vein was significantly more prominent in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis due to IVCS when compared with control subjects. Compression in excess of 70% as demonstrated at CT can be helpful for identifying possible underlying IVCS in patients with a left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.     

综合介入治疗左下肢深静脉血栓合并Cockett综合征临床分析

目的探讨急性左下肢深静脉血栓形成合并Cockett综合征的综合腔内介入治疗方法的应用价值。方法 2010年7月～2011年6月对57例左下肢急性深静脉血栓形成合并Cockett综合征患者采用下腔静脉滤器置入术、左下肢深静脉置管溶栓术及左髂静脉闭塞或狭窄段球囊扩张内支架术治疗,观察患者手术前后左下肢症状及体征,通过造影观察左下肢深静脉通畅情况。结果 57例患者均经下肢深静脉造影检查明确诊断,本组技术成功56例,患者下肢肿胀、疼痛等消失,盆腔侧枝循环消失。1例患者仅行抗凝治疗,下肢肿胀好转。治疗过程中患者未发生滤器、支架移位等情况,未发生血栓复发、肺动脉栓塞、出血并发症等。术后口服抗血小板药物至少3～6个月,随访2～12个月,11例患者左下肢肿胀,7例患者出现下肢静脉曲张,所有患者未发生下肢溃疡,6、12个月后复查造影无支架内阻塞病例。结论综合介入治疗左下肢深静脉血栓形成合并Cockett综合征微创、安全,术后口服抗凝药物可提高下肢深静脉通畅率,临床疗效确切。     

Computed tomography findings in 10 cases of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To present the computed tomography (CT) findings for the iliac veins of 10 patients who had left-sided lower extremity deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings for 10 cases of left-sided acute or chronic deep vein thrombosis caused by iliac vein compression syndrome were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were five women and five men (mean age+/-S.D., 49.9+/-15.6 years). In each patient with iliac vein compression syndrome, the diagnosis of the compression was established by venography performed during endovascular treatment. Diameter of the left common iliac vein was also measured in 14 control subjects without any lower extremity venous disease for comparison. RESULTS: In all 10 cases, CT images in the transverse plane demonstrated the left common iliac vein being compressed by the overlying right common iliac artery. The mean diameter at the origin of the left common iliac vein (3.5 mm) in patients group was much smaller than the mean diameter of the same vein (11.5 mm) in the control group (p<0.01). The mean percent stenosis of the left common iliac vein due to compression by the artery was 68%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic CT images in the transverse plane are useful for detecting iliac vein compression by the overlying right common iliac artery in patients with left-sided deep vein thrombosis. Radiologists should be aware of this imaging finding of iliac vein compression by the artery where the inferior vena cava bifurcates into the common iliac veins.     

Pathophysiology and diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis

Lower-limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) affects between 1% to 2% of hospitalized patients. These thrombi disrupt the vascular integrity of the lower limbs and are the source of emboli that kill approximately 200,000 patients each year in the United States. The causes of thrombosis include vessel wall damage, stasis or low flow, and hypercoagulability. These factors favor clot formation by disrupting the balance of the opposing coagulative and fibrinolytic systems. The symptoms and signs of venous thrombosis are caused by obstruction to venous outflow, vascular inflammation, or pulmonary embolization. About 70% of patients referred for clinically suspected venous thrombosis, however, do not have the diagnosis confirmed by objective testing. Among the 30% who have venous thrombosis, about 85% have proximal vein thrombosis, and the remainder have thrombosis confined to the calf. Physicians cannot rely on signs and symptoms to make the diagnosis of DVT and must depend on imaging studies to guide treatment. Patients with proximal vein thrombosis who are inadequately treated have a 47% frequency of recurrent venous thromboembolism over 3 months. In contrast, clinically detectable recurrence occurs in less than 2% of patients with proximal vein thrombosis if an adequate anticoagulant response is achieved. Of the diagnostic procedures for DVT, venography is the only invasive test of proven value, and ultrasonographic (US) studies are the most commonly used noninvasive modaity. Other procedures are occasionally used to diagnose DVT, including impedance plethysmography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. US examinations are noninvasive, they are rapidly obtained, and they can be performed serially. In symptomatic patients, venous US is sensitive and specific for proximal DVT; however, US is insensitive to calf vein thrombosis and to asymptomatic DVT occurring after surgery. Patients with symptoms of recurrent DVT also can present a difficult diagnostic problem. Only about 20% to 30% of these individuals actually have the disease; the rest have symptoms arising from chronic venous insufficiency or from any of the causes of lower extremity pain. After an acute episode, up to 50% of patients have compression ultrasound abnormalities for 6 months that are indistinguishable from the original findings of DVT. Hence, there are a significant number of patients and clinical circumstances in which the diagnosis of DVT is difficult. 99mTc-radiolabeled peptides that target the molecular biology of thrombosis should aid in the management of the disease, particularly in asymptomatic patients at high risk, in patients with recurrent symptoms, in patients with active DVT in the calf and/or pelvis, and in patients with intermediate- or low-probability lung scans.     

Acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: evaluation of underlying anatomic abnormalities by spiral CT venography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the spectrum of underlying anatomic abnormalities in iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) by spiral computed tomographic (CT) venography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the past 4 years, 56 patients with acute iliofemoral DVT have been evaluated by CT venography at our institution. Forty-four patients had left-sided DVT, nine had right-sided DVT, and the remaining three had DVT in both extremities. CT venography was performed with use of 2.5-3.2-mm x-ray beam collimation and a 1.25-2.0-mm reconstruction interval. Spiral scans were initiated 5 minutes after intravenous contrast medium injection. The CT venograms were correlated with catheter venograms. In addition, with use of axial sections and their three-dimensional reconstructions, including multiplanar reformation and volume rendering, the presence or absence of central obstructing lesions and their causes were evaluated. RESULTS: Among 44 patients with left-sided DVT, 37 had significant anatomic abnormalities in their iliofemoral veins or inferior vena cava (IVC). The most common lesion was left common iliac vein compression by the right common iliac artery (n = 27; exaggerated by a bony spur in nine and associated with extrinsic compression by the left internal iliac artery in two). Of the nine patients with right-sided DVT, six had significant anatomic abnormalities including encasement or extrinsic compression of their iliac veins by various causes (n = 3) and venous stricture without extrinsic lesions (n = 3). Among three patients with DVT in both extremities, two had anatomic abnormalities in the IVC. Therefore, 45 of 56 patients had anatomic abnormalities central to the thrombosed deep veins. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients with acute iliofemoral DVT had underlying anatomic abnormalities. The presence of central stenosis or obstruction and their causes can be evaluated by spiral CT venography.     

机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的：评价经皮机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成的可行性、安全性及有效性。 方法：选取2015年4月-2017年6月收治左髂静脉受压综合征伴急性下肢DVT的患者33例,发病时间6 h-14 d,平均年龄（57.97±14.44）岁。所有患者均在滤器保护下进行治疗。AngioJet血栓清除术、球囊扩张和髂静脉支架植入均在同期完成,术后保留鞘管予以溶栓治疗,每天复查造影,若血栓完全溶解,取出下腔静脉滤器并结束溶栓。术后第1、3、6、12个月进行门诊随访,行彩色超声和（或）下肢静脉造影检查了解下肢深静脉及髂支架内血流通畅情况。 结果：33例患者均同期完成手术,技术成功率100%,AngioJet抽吸时间为（224.70±72.78）s,溶栓时间（34.00±15.37）h,尿激酶用量（112.58±49.92）万U。33例患者同期植入髂静脉支架33枚。血栓清除率Ⅲ级患者29例,血栓清除率Ⅱ级患者4例。无出血、症状性肺栓等严重并发症发生。术后随访1例患者术后两月血栓复发,32例患者术后随访超声和（或）下肢静脉造影检查提示下肢深静脉及髂静脉支架内血流通畅。 结论：机械性血栓清除术联合同期髂静脉支架植入治疗合并左髂静脉受压综合征的急性下肢深静脉血栓形成是一种安全有效的方法。