标准化剩余肝体积与肝硬度比值预测肝脏切除术后肝功能不全的临床研究

目的 探讨应用标准化剩余肝体积与肝硬度值的比值预测肝脏切除术后肝功能不全的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析我院2015年1月~2021年6月行肝脏切除术患者61例的临床资料,术前采用CT或者MR进行肝脏增强扫描,检查图像进行三维重建。按照肝脏肿瘤的位置拟行解剖性左半肝脏或者右半肝脏切除术。并按照拟定的手术方案计算出全肝体积及剩余的肝脏体积,同时对61位患者行肝脏超声影像和瞬时弹性成像检查,检测出每位患者的肝脏硬度值（KPA）,计算出标准化剩余肝体积与肝硬度值的比值（SFLV/KPA）,并观测61位患者是否出现术后肝功能不全。把引起术后肝功能不全的可能相关因素进行单因素分析,得到与术后肝功能不全相关的影响因素,再通过二元logistics回归分析分析这些因素与术后肝功能不全的相关性,探讨标准化剩余肝体积与肝硬度值的比值（SFLV/KPA）预测肝脏切除术后肝功能不全的作用。并通过受试者工作特征曲线ROC曲线确定SFLV/KPA与术后肝功能不全的关系。结果 61例患者手术全部成功,术后有7例患者出现肝功能不全,无患者出现肝功能衰竭,无患者术后死亡。研究显示术中出血量、肝门阻断时间、SFLV/KPA、手术方式均是术后肝功能不全的影响因素。结论 通过受试者工作特征曲线ROC曲线,SFLV/KPA（标准化剩余肝体积/肝脏硬度值）比值大于30.6时,患者术后一般不出现肝功能不全,手术安全性更高。     

肝切除术后肝功能不全的防治

肝切除手术是一种常用手术．现已广泛用于治疗各种肝脏外科疾病，如肝脏良、恶性肿瘤、肝内胆管结石、肝外伤、肝脓肿、肝包囊虫病、肝门部胆管癌等。正常肝脏的代偿能力与贮备能力是很强的，因而由于外科手术侵袭造成的肝功能损害一般较轻，多为一过性。但对合并有梗阻性黄疸、广泛肝纤维化、脂肪肝等弥漫性肝脏病变的患者行肝切除术时，术后易发生肝功能不全甚至肝衰。由于术后肝衰死亡率目前仍较高．因此对肝切除手术后肝功能不全的防治仍是保证肝切除手术成功的关键。     

标准化残肝比例预测ALPPS术后肝功能不全的临床价值

[摘 要] 目的 探讨标准化残肝比例（SRLVR）预测联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎二步肝切除术（ALPPS）后发生肝功能不全的临床价值。方法 采用回顾性横断面研究方法,收集2013年1月至2016年12月在右江民族医学院附属医院行ALPPS的29例原发性肝癌患者的临床资料,依据是否发生肝功能不全将29例患者分为肝功能不全组和无肝功能不全组。测定下列参数：全肝体积（TLV）、残肝体积（RLV）、残肝比例（RLVR）、体表面积（BSA）、标准化全肝体积（SLV）、标准化残肝比例（SRLVR）,测定ALPPS I期术后标准化残肝比例的安全临界值。结果 29例I期术后患者有25例（86.2%）获得了二期手术,一期术后有6例发生肝功能不全。两组患者的年龄、全肝体积、残肝体积、标准肝体积、残余肝比例相比,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;肝功能不全组的标准化残肝比例为（32.27±1.99）%,无肝功能不全组的标准化残肝比例为（35.68±2.51）%,两组相比差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ROC曲线分析计算出SRLVR的安全临界值为36.24%。结论 标准化残肝比例是预测ALPPS术后发生肝功能不全的有效指标,若SRLVR < 36.24%,则ALPPS I期术后发生肝功能不全的风险极高。     

ICGR15联合PT及标准残肝体积预测肝癌患者术后肝功能恢复

目的 探讨术前吲哚氰绿15分钟滞留率（indocyanine green retention rate at 15min,ICGR15）联合术前凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）及标准残肝体积（standard remnant liver volume,SRLV）对预测肝癌患者术后肝功能代偿的作用.方法 对64例因大肝癌行肝切除术的患者进行研究,根据术后患者肝功能代偿情况分组,对术前生化检查及一般情况进行差异性分析.结果 轻度肝功能代偿不全组（50例）、中重度肝功能代偿不全组（14例）之间ICGR15、PT、SRLV有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;Logistic回归分析得到回归方程为：PLFPI =0.186 × ICGR15 ＋0.849×PT-0.007×SRLV-9.617.经过ROC分析PLFPI预测术后肝功能重度代偿不全的临界值为-0.33,其灵敏度为100％,特异度为87.10％.结论 术前ICGR15联合术前PT及标准残肝体积能够较好地预测肝癌患者术后肝功能代偿情况;以PLFPI＜-33作为预防大肝癌肝切除术后重度肝功能代偿不全的术后肝功能综合预测指数界限是可行的.     

残肝体积安全临界值的研究进展

肝脏切除术后发生肝功能代偿不全甚至肝衰竭与术后残肝体积大小密切相关。本文复习了相关文献,就近年国内外关于残肝体积研究的进展进行综述,主要包括肝体积与肝功能的关系、CT及三维重建技术在肝体积测量中的应用以及国内外残肝分数和标准残肝体积的研究等。     

肝切除术后肝功能不全的临床护理

肝切除术是一种常用手术,现已广泛应用于治疗各种肝脏外科疾患.对合并有弥慢性肝脏病变的患者进行肝切除术时,术后肝功能不全与术后死亡和并发症的关系密切相关[1].为了能防治肝切除术后肝功能不全,减少术后肝衰死亡率,现将2003年25例肝切除术后肝功能不全病人的护理报告如下.     

功能性残余肝脏体积与脾脏体积比对病人术后肝功能不全以及肝功能恢复的预测价值

目的探讨功能性残余肝脏体积与脾脏体积比(FreLSVR)对病人术后肝功能不全以及肝功能恢复的影响。方法 2016年6月～2018年8月入院行肝脏切除术治疗原发性肝细胞癌病人78例,对肝脏CT检查数据进行三维重建,计算病人残肝体积与脾脏体积比,并预测与肝功能之间的关系。结果 FreLSVR与病人肝功能相关,FreLSVR越大,病人术后肝功能越好,FreLSVR 1.0组病人住院的中位时间为15天(8～22天),FreLSVR≤1.0住院时间中位数为21天(13～36天),两者住院时间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FreLSVR可反应病人术后肝功能不全以及肝功能恢复。     

肝癌肝切除术后肝功能不全的防护

肝部分切除是治疗原发性肝癌（以下简称肝癌）病人的主要手段,但由于肝癌病人多伴有慢性肝病,肝脏储备功能有不同程度的损害。所以,肝部分切除术后肝功能不全是肝癌病人围手术期死亡的重要原因。因此,提高对肝癌病人围手术期肝功能不全防护的认识,采取积极有效措施,...     

肝癌切除术后肝功能代偿不全的危险因素分析

目的探讨原发性肝癌术后肝功能代偿不全的危险因素及其防治措施。方法回顾性分析我院6年来手术切除的92例原发性肝癌(PLC)病例的临床资料。结果术后肝功能轻度代偿不全(Ch ild B级)23例(25%),重度代偿不全(Ch ild C级)6例(6.5%)。术后一个月内死亡3例(3.3%)。单变量分析显示:癌灶大小(P<0.01)、切肝方式(P<0.01)、有无肝硬化(P<0.05)和失血总量(P<0.05)与术后肝功能代偿不全有密切关系。结论癌灶巨大、规则性半肝切除术、伴有肝硬化和大量失血是术后肝功能代偿不全主要的危险因素。术中严格地控制出血、在保证完全切除肿瘤的同时尽可能多地保留功能正常的肝组织是提高手术安全性和减少术后并发症的重要措施。     

复杂泡型肝包虫病MDT讨论

目的 通过MDT讨论提高复杂泡型肝包虫病治疗的效果。方法 对阿坝藏族羌族自治州人民 医院2019年6月收治的1例复杂泡型肝包虫患者在术前进行MDT讨论,进行术后治疗效果评价,并总结 MDT在复杂泡型肝包虫病治疗中的作用。结果 术前CT及MRCP检查发现肝包虫病病灶巨大,侵犯第一肝门,致左右肝管梗阻,严重黄疸,经MDT讨论术前行PTCD减黄,肝功能好转后行根治性右三肝切除术 加肝管成形及肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。患者术后恢复良好,继续阿苯达唑治疗。结论 复杂泡型肝包 虫病手术根治性切除率低,通过MDT多学科讨论可提高外科治疗的有效性及安全性。     

高原肝泡状棘球蚴病自体肝移植术后并发症的分析

目的 分析高原肝泡状棘球蚴病(HAE)自体肝移植术后常见的并发症。 方法 回顾性分析6例行离体或半离体病肝切除+自体肝移植术的晚期HAE患者的临床资料。分析其主要术后并发症的特点。 结果 HAE肝移植术后并发症主要包括胆道并发症(4例)、腹腔出血(1例)、感染(3例),其中2例患者发生胆漏并腹腔感染,因感染性休克、多脏器功能衰竭死亡;1例患者出现腹腔出血,因失血性休克、弥散性血管内凝血死亡。胆道并发症和腹腔出血是导致患者死亡的主要原因。 结论 胆道并发症、腹腔出血、感染等术后并发症是影响HAE自体肝移植术患者预后的主要因素。      

Surgical treatment of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver

Cure of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver can be achieved by complete removal of the lesion, this being possible only by hepatic resection. Nevertheless, 25% of patients have unresectable lesions. The purpose of this work was to analyze the clinical sequelae and prognosis of patients after curative and palliative surgery for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. The 10-year survival rate of patients who underwent hepatectomy with complete resection of the lesion was 100% compared with 63% in the patients who had hepatectomy with incomplete resection of the lesion. Thirty-seven patients with unresectable hepatic echinococcosis were divided into two groups; the 10 patients in group A underwent only exploratory laparotomy, and the 27 patients in group B had palliative surgery. In group B, marsupialization or cyst drainage was performed in 17 patients, biliary drainage in 6 patients, and biliary reconstruction in 4 patients. The outcome after surgery was compared in the two groups. The 5-year survival of the patients in group A was 30%, and all patients died of liver failure within 7 years. The survival rates of patients in group B were 60% at 5 years, 55% at 10 years, and 35% at 15 years. Complete removal of the lesion by hepatectomy results in satisfactory prognosis. Palliative surgery may offer improvement in terms of survival and quality of life when complete removal is not possible.     

肝移植治疗晚期肝泡状棘球蚴病临床研究

目的探讨原位肝移植治疗晚期肝泡状棘球蚴病(HAE)的策略和方法。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2000年12月～2009年5月实施的6例晚期HAE患者原位肝移植的临床资料。移植前和移植后均给予口服阿苯达唑脂质体(15～20mg·kg-1·d-1)抗包虫治疗。结果 6例移植手术历时中位时间635.0min(490～760min),无肝期中位时间65.5min(44～90min),术中输注红细胞悬液中位数20.5u(9～40u)。除1例抢救性经典原位肝移植因严重的肝性脑病、肾功能衰竭和凝血功能障碍而于术后第1天死亡,余5例手术成功。术后随访时间中位数6.0个月(3～19个月)。3例患者分别于术后154d、98d和6个月因胆道铸型、胆源性脓毒血症和急性排斥反应而死亡。1例活体肝移植受者术后8个月因胆道狭窄行胆肠吻合术而治愈。另1例左肺有转移灶的患者病情稳定而未发现新发病灶。结论肝移植治疗晚期HAE术前应严格掌握手术适应证和手术时机,手术难点在于病灶的清除和肝后下腔静脉的重建,移植前后抗包虫药物和低剂量免疫抑制剂的使用是预防移植后泡状棘球蚴病复发和转移的重要手段。     

肝泡型包虫病肝移植术后复发的诊断和治疗

肝移植作为晚期肝泡型包虫病的一种治疗手段,近年来开展逐渐增多.2012年11月解放军第四医院收治1例肝移植术后肝泡型包虫病复发的患者.该患者于2006年因肝泡型包虫病行肝移植术,2012年11月检查发现胰头、右肺泡型包虫病复发灶,肝功能不全.经行保肝治疗肝功能好转,现仍行包虫病药物治疗中.总结该例患者的治疗经验,对符合下列情况的晚期肝泡型泡虫病患者可行肝移植:(1)严重肝功能不全.(2)无法行根治性切除.(3)无肝外转移灶.同时在肝移植术后至少正规服用阿苯达唑2年,并持续行包虫抗体监测及影像学检查10年,做到复发后早期处理.     

Operative treatment of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver

This study is based on the experience with 51 cases of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis underwent operative treatment up to the end of 1976. Hepatic resection was carried out in 28 cases with overall operative mortality of 25 per cent, but no death occurred in the last 10 years period during which 12 cases were subjected to the procedure. This apparent improvement of the result is ascribed to the establishment of the strict criteria for operative intervention, i.e., when less than three segments are involved, the hepatic hilum is not highly involved, and the inferior vena cava is not invaded. Marsupialization is employed when hepatic resection is not indicated and the lesion shows liquefaction. Ten cases underwent the procedure with one operative death. Biliary tract reconstruction was carried out in two cases with hilar involvement, but the prognosis was poor. Eleven cases were only with celiotomy. The follow-up studies indicated that the hepatic resection offers the best hope for cure followed by marsupialization. Unlike unilocular echinococcosis in which a cyst grows expansively, the alveolar echinococcosis should be considered clinically malignant, in that it grows invasively and often shows metastatic lesions. Surgical intervention at its early developmental stage is the only definitive way of the treatment. Only recent advances in diagnostic procedures and development of type specific serological studies made it possible to bring the disease under control.     

The critical value of remnant liver volume-to-body weight ratio to estimate posthepatectomy liver failure in cirrhotic patients

Background

The extensive use of major hepatectomy for liver malignancies with cirrhosis increases the risk of posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), which is associated with a high frequency of postoperative complications, mortality, and an increased length of hospital stay. Remnant liver volume-to-body weight ratio (RLV-BWR) is more specific than the ratio of RLV-to-total liver volume (RLV-TLV) in predicting postoperative course after major hepatectomy in normal liver. Patients having normal liver with an anticipated RLV-BWR ≤0.5% are at considerable risk for hepatic dysfunction and postoperative mortality. In the present study, the critical value of RLV-BWR after liver resection in cirrhotic liver was investigated.

Patients and methods

Thirty one patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in one medical treatment unit of West China Hospital from September 2012 to December 2012 were retrospectively enrolled in study. Volumetric measurements of TLV using computed tomography were obtained before hepatectomy. PHLF was diagnosed by the “50–50 criteria.” The influence of RLV-TLV and RLV-BWR on the occurrence of PHLF was investigated, and the critical value of RLV-BWR was concluded.

Results

According to the occurrence of PHLF, the patients were retrospectively divided into PHLF group and non-PHLF group. There were no statistical differences of preoperative indicators between the two groups. The intraoperative indicators including the resected liver volume, RLV-TLV, and RLV-BWR were statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the two groups. The postoperative indicators including total bilirubin (TBIL), international normalized ratio, and peritoneal drainage fluid at the third and the fifth day after surgery were statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) predicted by RLV-BWR to the incidence of PHLF was 0.864 (P = 0.019) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 0.608–0.819), and the sensitivity and specialty rate were 70% and 95%, which were more than 50% and 70%, respectively. It suggested that the critical value of RLV-BWR (1.4%) had a certain predictive value on PHLF. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve predicted by RLV-TLV to the incidence of PHLF was 0.568 (P = 0.628) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI = 0.376–0.747), and the sensitivity and specialty rate were 42.9% and 82.6%, respectively. The sensitivity (42.9%) <50% suggested that the critical value of RLV-TLR (51%) had a poor predictive value on PHLF. According to the curve critical value 1.4% of RLV-BWR, the patients were divided into RLV-BWR ≥1.4% group and RLV-BWR <1.4% group, and the incidence of PHLF between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.006).

Conclusions

RLV-BWR was more specific than RLV-TLV in predicting PHLF after major hepatectomy of cirrhotic liver. Patients with an anticipated RLV-BWR <1.4% are at considerable risk for PHLF.     

吲哚氰绿排泄试验及标准余肝体积与肝癌切除术后肝功能不全的相关性研究

目的 结合吲哚氰绿(ICG)排泄试验及标准余肝体积探讨预防肝切除术后肝功能中、重度代偿不全的安全切肝界限.方法 对2007年3月至2008年2月期间收治的75例因肝癌行肝切除术的患者进行研究分析,根据术后肝功能代偿状况分组,将术后发生肝功能中度代偿不全患者术前ICG 15 min潴留率(ICGR15)值与术后标准余肝体积进行直线回归分析.结果 全部患者中,术后发生肝功能轻度代偿不全60例,中度代偿不全12例,重度代偿不全3例.轻度代偿不全组与中重度代偿不全组患者的年龄[(50±13)岁和(53±9)岁]、术前Child-Pugh评分[(5.4±0.6)分和(5.7±0.9)分]、凝血酶原时间[(13.6±1.0)s和(13.5±1.0)s]、国际标准化比值(1.09±0.10和1.06±0.10)等指标的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);而两组ICG排泄试验中的K值(0.20±0.04和0.17±0.03)和ICGR15值(6±4和9±4)以及术后标准余肝体积[(545±93)ml和(398±82)ml]的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).将术后肝功能中度代偿不全患者术前ICGR15值和术后标准余肝体积进行直线回归分析,发现两者呈正相关(R=0.640,P=0.025),回归方程为:标准余肝体积(ml/m~2)=1594.6×ICGR15+265.结论 将ICG排泄试验和标准余肝体积结合起来评估患者肝脏储备功能,有助于预测患者术后发生肝功能损害的程度及预防患者术后发生肝功能中、重度代偿不全.