铝碳酸镁治疗胃大部切除术后胆汁反流性胃炎

目的 :观察铝碳酸镁对毕氏Ⅱ式胃大部切除术后胆汁反流性胃炎的近期临床疗效。方法 :2 0例胃大部切除术后患者 ,经胃镜及胃内 2 4h胆汁监测证实有胆汁反流性胃炎。随机分成 2组 ,治疗组服用铝碳酸镁片 1.0g ,tid ;对照组服用硫糖铝片 1.0g ,tid ,分别于治疗后第 1,2 ,4周后观察上腹部刺激 ,腹痛 ,反酸等症状变化 ,治疗结束后复查胃镜和胃内 2 4h胆汁反流情况。结果 :服药后 1周治疗组各症状积分均明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组在服药 1,2周后症状积分虽有下降 ,但不如治疗组明显。治疗 4周后 2组症状均明显减轻。治疗组胆汁反流总时间百分比由 (78.3± 10 .2 ) %降至 (48.6± 2 3.3) % ,且残胃及吻合口炎症均较治疗前明显好转。结论 :铝碳酸镁能迅速改善临床症状 ,显著减少术后胆汁反流 ,是治疗胃大部切除术后胆汁反流性胃炎的有效药物。     

铝碳酸镁联合西沙必利治疗胆汁反流性胃炎102例

目的 观察铝碳酸镁联合西沙必利治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效.方法 经胃镜确诊为胆汁反流性胃炎患者102例,口服铝碳酸镁联合西沙必利,观察治疗4wk后反酸、烧心、恶心、腹痛症状变化.结果 97例患者症状明显减轻,有效率达95.1%.结论 铝碳酸镁联合西沙必利治疗胆汁反流性胃炎疗效显著.     

铝碳酸镁合吗丁啉治疗胆汁反流性胃炎临床观察

目的 观察结合胆酸药铝碳酸镁和促动力药吗丁啉治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效.方法 将胃镜结果结合临床症状诊断为胆汁反流性胃炎患者40例随机分为2组:治疗组20倒,给予口服铝碳酸镁、吗丁啉,连续应用8周;对照组20例,给予口服硫糖铝、吗丁啉,连续应用8周.治疗后2组均做胃镜检查,观察治疗前后镜下各项指标变化情况.结果 治疗组治疗8周后各项症状积分及胃镜下所见各项指标较治疗前显著降低,总有效率达90%;对照组总有效率为55%,2组疗效有显著性差异.结论 结合胆酸药铝碳酸镁与促动力药吗丁啉合用能有效缓解胆汁反流性胃炎症状,是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效方案.     

铝碳酸镁和莫沙必利对胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效观察

目的探讨铝碳酸镁与莫沙必利对胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效及胃内胆汁的影响。方法60例胆汁反流性胃炎,经电子胃镜证实,并随机分为3组。M组服用莫沙必利5mg,3次/天;T组服用铝碳酸镁1.0g,3次/天;M T组同时服用莫沙必利和铝碳酸镁。治疗4周后观察腹痛、腹胀、呕吐胆汁等症状变化,所有患者复查胃镜。结果治疗后M、T、M T3组患者症状均明显减轻(P<0.01),有效率分别为90%、100%和100%。内镜下胆汁反流减少,消失率分别为85%、90%和95%。结论铝碳酸镁和莫沙必利合用能有效治疗胆汁反流性胃炎。     

铝碳酸镁与西沙必利联合治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床观察

目的 探讨铝碳酸镁与西沙必利联合治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床效果。方法 对150例胆汁反流性胃炎随机分成实验组100例，对照组50例，分别给予铝碳酸镁与西沙必利及硫糖铝片与西沙必利联合治疗，疗程为4周，治疗期间内镜复查，并观察腹痛，腹胀，恶心及呕吐胆汁等症状变化。其结果经统计学分析。结果 治疗后总有效率分别为100%和82%，两组比较差异有显著意义（P=0.0001)。结论 铝碳酸镁与西沙必利联合治疗，具有结合胃内胆酸，保护胃粘膜，增强胃排空，阻止胆汁反流，从而促进胆汁反流性胃炎的病理愈合，有效缓解胆汁反流性胃炎的症状，是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效药物。     

胃力康联合铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床治疗观察

目的：探讨胃力康和铝碳酸镁联合用药治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床疗效。方法：将80例胆汁反流性胃炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组40例,给予胃力康10g,每天3次,餐前半小时口服;铝碳酸镁1.0g,每天3次,餐后1h嚼服。对照组40例,给予铝碳酸镁1.0g,每天3次,餐后1h嚼服。疗程均为4周,分别于治疗前及治疗4周后观察两组患者上腹痛、腹胀、恶心、烧心等症状变化;并于治疗结束后复查胃镜,观察两组患者胃镜下黏膜改变情况。结果：治疗结束后,治疗组消化道症状积分下降显著高于对照组;治疗后胃镜复查结果治疗组总有效率为92.5%,对照组总有效率为75.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：胃力康联合铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

中药胃动方联合铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的临床研究

目的 观察胃动方联合铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的效果.方法 符合诊断标准的胆汁反流性胃炎患者60例分为两组.一组口服胃动方,每日1剂;另一组口服莫沙必利5 mg,3次/d;两组均同时服用铝碳酸镁1 g,3次/d,疗程为4周.于治疗前后进行临床症状、胃镜下胆汁反流程度分级和胃黏膜病理积分评价.结果 胃动方组显效率为43.3%,总有效率为86.7%;莫沙必利组显效率为33.3%,总有效率为83.3%.两组均可明显改善患者的胃黏膜炎症,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).胃动方组在改善患者的上腹痛、烧心、饱胀、恶心或呕吐等临床症状及胃黏膜炎症方面的疗效与莫沙必利组的疗效相近.结论 胃动方联合铝碳酸镁是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效方法之一.     

80例胆汁反流性胃炎的临床研究

目的：探讨胆汁反流性胃炎的发病原因及其药物治疗的疗效。方法：回顾性本院在2009年9月～2011年4月收治的80例胆汁反流性胃炎患者,患者分为铝碳酸镁组及奥美拉唑组＋铝碳酸镁组进行治疗。结果：铝碳酸镁组的临床表现有效率为87.5%,胃镜疗效有效率为85.0%;奥美拉唑＋铝碳酸镁组的临床表现有效率为95.0%,胃镜疗效有效率为95.0%。奥美拉唑＋铝碳酸镁组显著优于铝碳酸镁组,差异有统计学意义;两组均无不良反应发生。结论：胆囊疾病和胃部手术为胆汁反流性胃炎的两大病因,奥美拉唑＋铝碳酸镁可有效缓解胆汁反流性胃炎的临床症状,值得临床推广。     

莫沙比利及铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨莫沙比利和铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效。方法:将40例经胃镜证实的胆汁反流性胃炎患者随机分为2组。A组20例,予以莫沙比利5 mg,3次/日治疗4周;B组20例,予以莫沙比利5 mg,3次/日,铝碳酸镁1.0 g,3次/日治疗4周。分别于治疗前及治疗后4周观察2组患者腹胀、上腹痛、恶心及呕吐症状变化,并复查胃镜。结果:治疗后2组患者症状均明显减轻(P<0.05),A组患者腹胀、上腹痛、恶心及呕吐的总有效率分别为85.0%,66.7%,84.6%及87.5%;B组分别为88.9%,82.4%,83.3%,及100.0%。但2组间症状有效率的比较差异无显著性。结论:莫沙比利可减少胃内胆汁反流,铝碳酸镁可结合胆酸,均为治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效药物。     

铝碳酸镁治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的疗效观察

目的探讨铝碳酸镁片对胆汁反流性胃炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法将94例确诊为胆汁反流性胃炎的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组48例,对照组46例。治疗组采用铝碳酸镁片1.5g/次,3次/d,餐后2h嚼服,吗丁啉10mg/次,3次/d,餐前15min服;对照组采用硫糖铝片1g/次,3次/d,餐后2h嚼服,吗丁啉10mg/次,3次/d,餐前15min服,共治疗4周。比较两组临床疗效,观察两组上腹疼痛、饱胀不适、恶心、呕苦水等症状变化,复查胃镜观察内镜下表现。结果治疗后两组患者症状均有改善,治疗组总有效率为91.7%,对照组总有效率为76.1%,治疗组显效和总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.01),且无明显不良反应。结论铝碳酸镁片是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎有效、安全的药物。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.