颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的观察与护理

目的 总结颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期应用GDC栓塞治疗的观察与护理经验.方法 25例颅内动脉瘤均经DSA证实,并在全麻下应用GDC血管内栓塞治疗.结果 25例均获得完全栓塞,再出血2例,无死亡.术后病人均恢复良好.结论 GDC血管内栓塞术是治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂急性期一种安全有效的方法.观察与护理对减少死亡率和致残率十分关键.     

超早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内动脉瘤破裂

目的：探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂超早期血管内介入治疗的临床效果。方法：23例不同部位颅内动脉瘤（26个）患者，术前Hunt—Hess分级：Ⅰ～Ⅱ级12例，Ⅲ级8例，Ⅳ级2例，Ⅴ级1例。在动脉瘤破裂48h内气管内插管全麻下行电解式可脱性微弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞治疗。结果：术后随访6～24月，恢复良好者20例（86．95％）；出现偏瘫和单纯运动性失语各1例（4．35％），后经综合治疗1个月后逐渐恢复；死亡1例（4．35％）（Hunt—Hess Ⅴ级）。无再出血病例发生。结论：超早期电解式可脱性微弹簧圈栓塞治疗可避免动脉瘤再次破裂出血，减少脑血管痉挛，降低死亡率。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤应用电解可脱性弹簧圈（GDC）栓塞的疗效、并发症及防治经验。方法采用GDC对40例43个颅内破裂动脉瘤进行栓塞,分析其临床资料并随访。结果本组颅内动脉瘤成功栓塞43个,其中100％栓塞36个,95％栓塞6个,90％栓塞1个,术中无死亡。1例于术后3d发生脑梗,经治疗后好转,1例于术后2周出现脑积水,行脑室腹腔分流术后好转。404例患者随访6－12个月,经DSA复查示24例动脉瘤复发,1例共济失调,1例支架内狭窄,其余均恢复良好,全组术后均无再破裂出血。结论GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤安全实用,疗效可靠,针对病情选择术式和技巧、积极防治并发症是提高疗效的重要方法。     

颅内动脉瘤的早期GDC栓塞治疗

目的 探讨颅内动脉瘤早期行血管内栓塞治疗的优势及可行性。方法 自2001年9月至2002年8月我院经全脑造影(DSA)诊断12例动脉瘤。其中5例于气管插管全身麻醉下行颅内动脉瘤的标准GDC栓塞治疗。术前和术后即刻全脑DSA对比，并对临床症状的恢复进行连续的随访。结果 术后即刻全脑血管造影显示动脉瘤体被栓塞材料(GDC)致密填塞。5例患者随访均恢复良好，生活自理。结论 颅内动脉瘤早期栓塞治疗可以有效地预防动脉瘤再破裂出血，为进一步治疗脑血管痉挛及其症状打下基础。     

血管内支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的：探讨应用血管内支架结合电解脱弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床疗效。 方法：30例颅内宽颈动脉瘤（瘤颈宽度2.0~6.5 mm,体/颈比≤2）患者,采用血管内支架结合GDC对动脉瘤进行栓塞治疗,并与30例传统方法栓塞的宽颈动脉瘤患者做对比。 结果：25例患者应用血管内支架结合GDC使动脉瘤成功栓塞;5例患者仅行支架封堵动脉瘤开口,其中1例于术后2周因动脉瘤再次破裂出血而死亡。29例临床随访3~20个月,无再出血及血栓栓塞症状。对照组30例患者中10例因动脉瘤颈过于宽阔,弹簧圈无法在瘤腔内停留而致栓塞失败;另20例患者术后6个月,5例动脉瘤颈部复发,1例因动脉瘤再次破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血。 结论：血管内支架结合GDC治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤效果优于传统方法栓塞,是一种安全有效的方法,值得临床推广与深入研究。     

血管内栓塞和显微神经外科夹闭手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的探讨早期经血管内栓塞和显微神经外科手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的有效性。方法240例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者,110例在发病后3天内行早期手术治疗,其中选择经血管内栓塞治疗70例,开颅显微神经外科夹闭手术治疗40例。结果110例颅内破裂动脉瘤早期经血管内栓塞治疗70例,完全栓塞59例（84．29％）;近全栓塞11例（15．71％）,即栓塞率≥85％;治疗后3—6月内随访,56例（80％）完全恢复健康,9例轻度神经功能障碍,5例术后病情恶化,重度神经功能障碍。显微外科手术夹闭40例,完全夹闭36例（90％）,不全夹闭或包裹治疗4例（10％）,术后3—6月随访示：临床治愈34例（85％）,4例轻度神经功能障碍,1例重度偏瘫、语言障碍,1例死亡。结论颅内破裂动脉瘤的早期手术治疗可有效防止动脉瘤再破裂出血和迟发性脑血管痉挛危险因素的发生,可降低其病残率和死亡率。     

电解可脱式弹簧圈栓塞颅内动脉瘤的临床观察

目的探讨电解可脱弹簧圈(GDC)治疗颅内动脉瘤的介入手术指征，术前评估方法、并发症、疗效。方法2000年8月-2003年11月对10例12个颅内动脉瘤患者施行电解可脱弹簧栓塞术。其中9例为破裂动脉瘤。按Hunt—Hess分级：Ⅰ级2个，Ⅱ级3个，Ⅲ级3个，Ⅳ级3个．Ⅴ级1个。8例行急诊栓塞手术．在数字减影血管造影术(DSA)动态监视下完成。术后腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流．并给予高血容量、血液稀释治疗。结果动脉瘤完全闭塞9例．1例死亡。术后随访2—22个月．1例重残．1例有轻度神经功能异常，其余恢复良好。结论短期随访结果表明，GDC栓塞颅内动脉瘤具有微创、安全、效果可靠的优点。致密填塞动脉瘤疗效可靠；部分填塞可能导致动脉瘤继续扩大，破裂出血。破裂动脉瘤应急诊栓塞治疗．术后腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流．可明显提高疗效。     

微弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的：总结电解可脱微弹簧圈（GDC）治疗急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤的经验。方法：采用血管内治疗技术治疗16例急性期颅内动脉瘤患者,术后给予腰穿、抗血管痉挛治疗。结果：100％栓塞11例,95％栓塞2例,90％栓塞3例。术后随访无死亡病例,患者功能进一步恢复,所有患者均无再次蛛网膜下腔出血。结论：对急性期破裂颅内动脉瘤采取电解可脱微弹簧圈治疗及综合治疗措施能有效的改善患者的预后,明显降低了患者死亡率和病残率。     

微弹簧圈栓塞治疗急性破裂颅内动脉瘤的临床分析

目的 探讨急性破裂颅内动脉瘤应用电解可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)栓塞治疗的效果。方法 34例急性破裂动脉瘤在发病6d内采用GDC早期栓塞治疗动脉瘤。术前Hunt—Hess分级,Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级23例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅳ级1例。其中1～3d内治疗14例,4～6d内治疗20例。2例宽颈动脉瘤采用Medtronic AVE支架结合GDC栓塞治疗。结果 除2例因血管严重痉挛致使微导管无法到位操作失败而实施动脉瘤夹闭术外,其余28例造影证实为完全闭塞,4例为90％闭塞。介入治疗中发生动脉瘤破裂1例,GDC尾端残留于瘤动脉2例,均未导致临床后果。无死亡及严重后遗症。经随访未见再次破裂出血。结论 早期应用GDC栓塞治疗急性破裂颅内动脉瘤,具有微侵袭性,创伤小,安全性高,并发症少,术后恢复快等优点。     

儿童颅内动脉瘤诊治

目的 介绍儿童颅内动脉瘤的临床特点,评价电解可脱性微弹簧圈栓塞（GDC）治疗儿童颅内动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法 描述3例儿童颅内动脉瘤病例的临床症状和体征,3例均因瘤破裂致急性蛛网膜下腔出血。经数字减影脑血管造影明确诊断,2例为后交通动脉瘤,1例为前交通动脉瘤;Hunt和Hess分类;1例为I级,1例为Ⅱ级,1例为Ⅳ级。结果 经DSA行电解可脱性微弹簧栓塞术治疗,3例均成功,也无并发症。结论 儿童颅内动脉瘤虽属罕见,但对于急性蛛网膜下腔出血患儿,仍应考虑动脉瘤的可能。GDC治疗儿童颅内动脉瘤安全而有效,长期预后则有待于随访观察。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.