地尔硫对自发性高血压大鼠左心室舒张功能的影响及其可能机制

目的:观察地尔硫对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室舒张功能的影响,并探讨这种影响是否与肌浆网钙ATP酶(SERCA2)蛋白的表达、活性及心肌纤维化相关。方法:将22只12周龄SHR随机分为地尔硫组(25mg.kg-1.d-1,SHR-D),苯那普利组(10mg.kg-1.d-1,SHR-B)和SHR空白对照组(蒸馏水灌胃,SHR-C);另设WKY大鼠7只为正常对照组(WKY)。灌胃法给药18周后测定左心室心功能,计算左心室/体重比(LVW/BW),Western印迹杂交测定左心室心肌SER-CA2的表达,无机磷比色法检测心肌肌浆网Ca2+ATPase活性。饱和苦味酸天狼星红染色分析胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA),估计心肌纤维化程度。结果:SHR-D组和SHR-B组的LVEDP显著低于SHR-C组,SHR-D组和SHR-B组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与SHR-C组相比,SHR-D组与SHR-B组的-dp/dtmax/MAP增加。地尔硫和苯那普利治疗明显增加SERCA2蛋白的表达(SHR-D:0.38±0.07,SHR-B:0.42±0.06,SHR-C:0.47±0.07)与活性(SHR-D:8.2±0.07,SHR-B:10.5±1.95,SHR-C:6.3±0.75)。SHR-D组左心室内膜及心肌小动脉周围的胶原减少,其作用类似于SHR-B组。结论:地尔硫可改善SHR左心室舒张功能,其机制可能与增加SERCA2蛋白的表达及活性,抑制心肌纤维化有关。     

依贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的探讨依贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法18只16周龄SHR,随机分为依贝沙坦治疗组(SHR-I)和SHR空白对照组(SHR-C);另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组口服依贝沙坦50mg.kg-1.d-1给药8周后处死动物,取左心室心肌称重,计算左心室/体重比(LVW/BW),Masson三色法染色观察左心室心肌胶原变化,计算机图象分析测量心肌切片的胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)。结果SHR空白对照组的收缩压(SBP),LVW/BW,CVF,PVCA均显著高于WKY对照组(P<0.01),与SHR空白对照组相比,依贝沙坦治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善左心室肥厚(P<0.01)并使左心室内膜及心肌小动脉周围的胶原减少(P<0.01)。结论依贝沙坦可有效降低SHR血压,部分逆转心肌纤维化和左心室肥厚。     

福辛普利对SHR左室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的探讨福辛普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法18只16周龄SHR大鼠,随机分为福辛普利治疗组(SHR-F)和SHR空白对照组(SHR-C);另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组口服福辛普利20mg·kg-1·d-1,给药8周后处死动物,取左心室心肌称重,计算左心室/体重比(LVW/BW),Masson三色法染色观察左心室心肌胶原变化,计算机图像分析测量心肌切片的胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)。结果SHR空白对照组的SBP、LVW/BW、CVF、PVCA均显著高于WKY对照组(P<0.01),与SHR空白对照组相比,福新普利治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善SHR左心室肥厚(P<0.01〉并使左心室内膜及心肌小动脉周围的胶原减少(P<0.01〉。结论福辛普利可有效降低SHR血压,部分逆转心肌纤维化和左室肥厚。     

贝那普利和氯沙坦联合治疗对自发性高血压大鼠左室重构的影响

目的探讨贝那普利和氯沙坦联合应用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室重构的作用. 方法 48只55周龄SHR随机分组(n=12):空白对照组(SHR-C)、贝那普利组(SHR-B:10 mg/kg·d)、氯沙坦组(SHR-L:30 mg/kg·d)、合用组(SHR-B L:贝那普利10 mg/kg·d 氯沙坦15 mg/kg·d),另设WKY大鼠为对照组,检测尾动脉压(SBP).12周后:(1)放射免疫法检测血浆肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)、醛固酮(Ald)水平,化学法检测血浆一氧化氮(NO)水平;(2)免疫组化法检测心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维表达;(3)病理及超微结构检测.结果与SHR对照组比较,各药物组尾动脉压显著下降(P<0.01),但用药组间无显著差异(P>0.05);SHR各组间血浆PRA无显著性差异(P>0.05).SHR对照组血浆Ang Ⅱ低于WKY对照组(P<0.05～0.01),贝那普利组显著降低和氯沙坦组显著升高血浆Ang Ⅱ水平,合用组介于两组之间.与贝那普利组[Ald:(393.9±17.6)pg/mL、NO:(15.2±2.1)μmol/L]、氯沙坦组[Ald:(332.0±17.8)pg/mL、NO:(12.3±1.8)μmol/L]比较,合用组[Ald:(302.4±15.5)pg/mL、NO:(16.5±2.4)μmol/L]更显著的降低血浆Ald和升高NO水平(P<0.01);与贝那普利组(Ⅰ型胶原:6.09±1.12%、Ⅲ型胶原:9.0%±1.2%)、氯沙坦组(Ⅰ型胶原:4.3%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:8.0%±1.3%)比较,合用组(Ⅰ型胶原:2.8%±0.7%、Ⅲ型胶原:6.5%±1.0%)更显著的降低心肌Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原纤维的表达(P<0.01);组织病理及电镜显示,合用组更显著的改善SHR左心室重构.结论贝那普利和氯沙坦均能有效的改善高血压左室重构,二者合用时更为明显.     

地尔硫卓对异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用研究

目的:研究地尔硫卓对异丙肾上腺素(ISO)诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化的保护作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:30只,SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型组和地尔硫卓组,每组各10只。除正常对照组外,各组均通过皮下注射2 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)异丙肾上腺素的方法诱导大鼠心肌纤维化模型,连续注射10 d。地尔硫卓组灌胃给予10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)地尔硫卓,连续灌胃4周,正常组和模型组给予等体积0.9%氯化钠溶液。采用心电图和血流动力学指标评估大鼠心功能的变化。心肌组织行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色和Masson染色以观察其形态和胶原沉积情况的变化。免疫组织化学法观察I型和III型胶原蛋白的表达情况。试剂盒测定心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛含量的变化。蛋白免疫印迹法检测大鼠心肌组织中核因子κB(NF-κB)、转录生长因子β1(TGF-β1)以及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)等蛋白的表达变化。结果:地尔硫卓能显著抑制ISO引起的心电图的改变,包括S-T段、T波和QRS波振幅的变化,同时明显抑制心率和左心室舒张末压,显著提高左心室收缩压和左心室内压上升及下降最大变化速率(P<0.05)。HE染色和Masson结果显示,地尔硫卓能改善ISO引起的心肌结构紊乱和胶原过度沉积,显著降低胶原容积分数(P<0.05)。免疫组化结果显示,地尔硫卓能显著降低ISO诱导的Collagen I和Collagen III表达的上调(P<0.05)。地尔硫卓能显著增加SOD、GSH-Px的水平,降低MDA的水平(P<0.05)。蛋白免疫印迹的结果显示,地尔硫卓能恢复因ISO而上调的NF-κB、TGF-β1、CTGF等蛋白的表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:地尔硫卓通过抗氧化应激和抑制NF-κB信号通路来改善ISO诱导的大鼠心肌纤维化。     

厄贝沙坦对SHR左心室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法 16只16周龄雄性SHR,随机分为厄贝沙坦治疗组和SHR空白对照组;另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组予厄贝沙坦15 mg/（kg·d）灌胃给药,8周后处死动物,测量左心室心肌厚度并称质量,计算左心室质量/体质量比(LVM/BM);通过Van Gieson染色法观察左心室心肌胶原变化,对左心室心肌胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)进行定性和半定量分析;HE染色光镜观察左心室心肌病理变化。结果 与WKY组相比,SHR对照组的尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、LVM/BM、左心室壁厚度、CVF、PVCA、均显著增高(P<0.01);与SHR对照组相比,厄贝沙坦治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善LVH(P<0.01),减少心肌间质及心肌小动脉周围的胶原(P<0.01)。结论 厄贝沙坦可有效降低SHR血压,减轻心肌纤维化和LVH。     

缬沙坦和螺内酯抑制自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的对比研究

目的比较缬沙坦和螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌纤维化的抑制作用及二者对SHR心肌整合素β1和纤维黏连蛋白(FN)表达的影响,探讨SHR心肌纤维化的机制。方法将18只6周龄SHR随机均分成3组缬沙坦组(缬沙坦30mg·kg-1·d-1),螺内酯组(螺内酯20mg·kg-1·d-1)和SHR组,并与雄性同周龄WKY6组只比较,实验期14周。比较血压、左室重量/体重(LVM/BW)、胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA),并用免疫组化法检测4组大鼠心肌整合素β1和FN的表达。结果(1)缬沙坦组和螺内酯组血压〔(1125±88)mmHg和(1316±51)mmHg〕、LVM/BW〔(284±014)×10-3和(322±015)×10-3〕、CVF〔(321±022)%和(400±028)%〕、PVCA〔(062±015)%和(094±056)%〕均显著低于SHR组(P<005),缬沙坦组与螺内酯组比较,差异有显著性(P<005);(2)SHR组心肌整合素β1和FN的表达明显高于WKY组〔其积分吸光度值(A)分别为(15687±2033)、(5430±800)和(45665±4127)、(15718±2830),P<001,而缬沙坦组和螺内酯组FN的沉积较SHR组(45665±4127)均显著减少〔分别为(20047±1680)和(21358±800),P<005〕;缬沙坦组整合素β1的表达(9892±135)较SHR组下降(P<005),而螺内酯组整合素β1的表达与SHR组差异无显著性(P>005)。结论缬沙坦和螺内酯不仅可以良好控     

糜酶抑制剂对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

目的观察心脏糜酶在自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌组织胶原合成和心肌纤维化中的作用。方法应用病理检查、计算机分析结合逆转录-聚合酶链式反应等方法,检测SHR应用糜酶抑制剂组（ChyI组）、SHR组及对照正常血压大鼠WistarKyoto组（WKY组）收缩压、心肌胶原容积分数（CVF）、心肌血管周围胶原面积比（PVCA）和心肌糜酶及I、III型胶原mRNA表达。结果ChyI组心脏CVF、PVCA分别为（27±9）%和0.4±0.1,SHR组分别为（46±8）%和1.9±0.9,WKY组为（24±11）%和0.4±0.1,ChyI组比SHR组显著下降（P<0.01）,与WKY组无显著差异。ChyI组心肌组织I、III型胶原和糜酶mRNA表达相对含量均显著低于SHR组（P<0.01）,与WKY组无显著差异。应用ChyI后大鼠血压与SHR比较,无显著改变。结论心肌组织糜酶参与胶原的合成,参与细胞外基质的形成和降解,促进SHR心肌纤维化,糜酶抑制剂可能对改善心肌纤维化有益。     

小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的干预作用及超声背向散射积分评价

目的观察小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左室心肌纤维化的影响,并应用超声背向散射积分(IBS)进行评价。方法21只雄性SHR随机分成模型对照组(SHR组)、贝那普利干预组[SHR-B组,贝那普利10mg/(kg·d)灌胃]及小剂量贝那普利联合螺内酯干预组[SHR-BS组,贝那普利5mg/(kg.d)+螺内酯10mg/(kg·d)灌胃],另外选择同周龄雄性Wistar大鼠设为正常对照组(WKY组),SHR组及WKY组蒸馏水灌胃2mL/d。12周后超声测量IBS参数[峰-峰强度(PPI);平均图像强度(AII)];对心肌组织进行羟脯氨酸含量(HPC)测定,Masson染色计算胶原容积分数(CVF)、血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)、冠状小动脉管壁厚/管外径比值(T/D),嗜银染色计算嗜银纤维容积分数(APFVF),对结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)蛋白表达的半定量分析进行免疫组织化学染色。结果与WKY组比较,SHR组的超声AII%明显增高,PPI减低,SHR组的纤维化指标(HPC、CVF、PVCA、T/D、APFVF、CTGF的表达)增高。干预后,与SHR组比较AII%减低,PPI增高,纤维化指标减轻...     

伊贝沙坦逆转高血压左心室肥厚的细胞学机制

目的探讨伊贝沙坦(IBT)抗高血压左心室肥厚过程中,对心肌细胞凋亡和心肌肌浆网钙泵活性的影响。方法选用16周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)24只,随机分为IBT组(8只)、蒸馏水(DW)组(8只)和SHR0组(8只),另选16只WKY大鼠作为正常对照,随机分为WKY0组(8只)和WKY1组(8只)。IBT组大鼠给予IBT(60 mg.kg-1.d-1)加适量蒸馏水灌胃14周。治疗前后,测量血压和左心室心肌肥厚指数(LVMI),原位末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡,并检测治疗后左心室心肌细胞肌浆网Ca2+-ATP酶活性。结果DW组LVMI、心肌细胞凋亡指数均显著高于WKY组,而IBT组明显低于DW组;DW组Ca2+-ATP酶活性明显低于IBT组及同龄WKY组,IBT组稍低于同龄WKY组;Ca2+-ATP酶活性与LVMI、心肌细胞凋亡指数呈显著负相关,LV-MI与心肌细胞凋亡指数呈显著正相关。结论IBT可能通过调节心肌细胞肌浆网钙泵活性以抑制高血压左心室肥厚过程中心肌细胞凋亡,从而逆转左心室肥厚。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.