BNP对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗效果的评价

目的:探讨血浆BNP水平对急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注治疗效果的具评价作用。方法:测定88例AMI患者早期血浆BNP水平,比较采用不同治疗方法(包括早期再灌注、择期经皮冠状动脉介入治疗与单纯药物治疗)的患者血浆BNP水平的差异,以及左室重构、心功能改善和远期预后的情况。结果:AMI患者血浆BNP水平明显高于正常人为(325.74±354.11)pg/ml对(21.26±10.01)pg/ml,P<0.01。经治疗后,早期再灌注组BNP水平较另两组明显降低,为(155.12±72.33)pg/ml对(253.01±277.25)pg/ml对(665.01±456.59)pg/ml,(P<0.01),心脏不良事件的发生率亦显著降低(P=0.01),且与出院6个月后左室重构程度呈正相关(r=0.614),与心功能的改善呈负相关(r=-0.504)。结论:血浆BNP水平对急性心肌梗死再灌注治疗的效果具有一定的评价作用。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后脑利钠肽水平的变化及其意义

目的 研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗前后血浆脑利钠肽(BNP)水平变化及其与心功能、心室重构的关系.方法 入选2005年9月至2008年3月,发病后12 h内接受急诊PCI治疗的ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者102例,直接PCI前及直接PCI后第7天采用酶联免疫法测定患者血浆BNP水平,并按治疗后第7天血浆BNP水平将患者分为3组:A组低于100 pg/ml,B组100～400 pg/ml,C组高于400 pg/ml,PCI治疗后6个月对患者进行超声心动图检查.结果 PCI治疗后BNP水平较治疗前明显下降;3组患者PCI治疗后6个月的超声心动图比较,患者左室射血分数、左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积C组与A、B组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),B组与A组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 AMI患者直接PCI后BNP水平有显著下降趋势,且BNP水平可能可以作为患者心功能及心室重构的预测因子.     

阿托伐他汀治疗心肌梗死后无症状心力衰竭效果及对预后的影响

目的:研究阿托伐他汀对心肌梗死后无症状心力衰竭(AHF)患者的疗效,及对预后的影响。方法:2014年7月~2015年7月本院收治的心肌梗死后AHF患者100例的临床资料,根据随机数字表法,患者被随机均分为常规治疗组和阿托伐他汀组(在常规治疗组基础上加用阿托伐他汀)。测量比较两组治疗前后心功能指标、血浆BNP、NT-proBNP水平、6min步行距离(6MWD)和心功能评分;疗程1年。结果:与治疗前比较,两组治疗后左室射血分数(LVEF)、6MWD均显著增加,左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESd)、血浆BNP、NT-proBNP水平和心功能评分显著降低(P均=0.001)。与常规治疗组比较,阿托伐他汀组治疗后LVEF[(52.48±8.65)%比(57.86±9.70)%]和6MWD[(262.60±12.40)m比(282.65±15.50)m]升高更显著,LVESd[(36.23±2.13)mm比(30.08±2.05)mm]、LVEDd[(58.61±6.40)mm比(51.25±6.18)mm]、血浆BNP[(267.48±42.10)pg/ml比(149.40±32.30)pg/ml]、NT-proBNP水平[(524.65±138.60)pg/ml比(406.20±112.45)pg/ml]和心功能评分[(2.30±0.22)分比(1.15±0.10)分]降低更显著(P均0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀能缓和心肌梗死后无症状心力衰竭患者左心室重构,降低血浆BNP、NT-proBNP水平,促进心功能改善,值得推广。     

肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统与急性心肌梗死短期预后关系的研究

目的研究肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)与急性心肌梗死短期预后的相关性。方法纳入2012年6月~2012年12月江西省人民医院急性心肌梗死患者33例(AMI组)及健康体检者30例(对照组),比较两组RAAS系统中血清肾素活性(PRA)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、醛固酮(Ald)的水平差异。3个月后对AMI组患者行彩色超声心动图测定左室功能[包括:左室舒张末径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末径(LEVSD)和射血分数(LVEF)],观察其与RAAS的相关性;同时按照AngⅡ水平将AMI组分为低AngⅡ亚组(AngⅡ≤249.1 pg/ml,n=19)和高AngⅡ亚组(AngⅡ249.1 pg/ml,n=14),观察3个月随访期间两组心血管事件(MACE)的发生情况。结果与健康组相比,AMI组患者PRA[(6.5±2.4)ng/(ml.h)vs.(0.5±0.4)ng/(ml.h)]、AngⅡ[(226.9±66.3)pg/ml vs.(47.4±11.9)pg/ml]、Ald[(401.8±91.2)vs.(294.1±43.4)pg/ml]水平均较高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);AMI组患者AngⅡ水平与患者3个月后的LVEDD(r=0.788,P0.01)及LEVSD呈正相关(r=0.770,P0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.782,P0.01);AMI患者中高AngⅡ亚组3个月内心血管事件发生率显著高于低AngⅡ亚组(100%vs.42.11%,P0.01)。结论心肌梗死患者存在RAAS过度激活,AngⅡ水平与心肌梗死后左室重构、心功能及心血管事件等预后情况明显相关。     

糖代谢异常对急性心肌梗死患者血浆B型利钠肽和心功能的影响

【】目的：评价不同糖尿病状态对急性心肌梗死患者血浆B型利钠肽(BNP)和心功能的影响。方法：105例急性心肌梗死患者根据糖尿病史和OGTT检测结果将其分为糖耐量正常(NGT)、糖耐量异常(IGT)和糖尿病(DM)三组。应用美国博适Triage干式快速定量心肌梗死/心力衰竭诊断仪和 BNP检测板,测定三组患者入院时和发病第7天血浆BNP水平,同时对患者的心功能进行评价。结果：AMI＋DM 组患者入院时和发病第 7 天血浆 BNP水平分别为(347.78±122.02)pg/ml和(331.53±108.53)pg/ml,均明显高于AMI NGT组[(158.57±75.32)pg/ml和(102.85±60.52)pg/ml]和AMI IGT组[(167.86±72.56)pg/ml和(145.21±80.61)pg/ml],P＜0.05。AMI＋IGT组患者的BNP 水平亦高于AMI＋NGT 组,但差异无统计学意义,P＞0.05。三组患者发病第7 天血浆 BNP水平较入院时均有下降,但仅有AMI＋NGT组[(158.57±75.32)pg/ml比(102.85±60.52)pg/ml]BNP下降程度有统计学差异, P＜0.05。AMI DM组患者心功能Ⅲ-Ⅳ级比例(29.7%)明显高于其他两组(8.9%和8.7%),P＜0.05。结论：糖代谢异常影响急性心肌梗死患者血浆BNP的分泌,合并糖尿病的急性心肌梗死患者血浆BNP水平明显升高,心功能较差。     

rhBNP对急性心肌梗死早期高危患者心功能及左室重塑的影响

目的研究重组人脑利钠肽(rh BNP)对急性心肌梗死早期高危患者早期心功能及左室重塑的影响。方法选取2013年1月至2014年09月山西医科大学附属汾阳医院心内科收治的首次急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者52例,男性28例,女性24例,年龄41~75岁,平均年龄(60.8±9.8)岁。所有患者随机分为rh BNP组(n=23)和对照组(n=29)。对照组仅给予常规治疗,rh BNP组在常规治疗的基础上静脉泵入rh BNP3~5 d。测定两组患者入院即刻、入院1周后N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd),记录1周后心功能Killip分级、心源性死亡。结果两组入院1周后临床心功能Killip分级情况以及心源性死亡比例比较,差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后对照组NT-pro BNP水平升高,rh BNP组降低,差异有显著统计学意义(P均0.01)。两组治疗后较治疗前LVEF升高,LVEDd增加,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,rh BNP组NT-pro BNP水平降低[(2204.94±830.90)pg/ml vs.(1498.29±707.33)pg/ml],LVEDd减少[(53.60±5.25)mm vs.(49.87±3.36)mm],差异有明显统计学意义(P均0.01)。结论 AMI早期高危患者及早应用rh BNP治疗可以有效改善心功能、抑制早期左室重塑。     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆BNP、IL-27水平及其临床意义

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)、白介素-27(IL-27)的水平变化在慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)发生发展中的临床意义。方法选取50例CHF患者作为观察组,50例健康人作对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血浆中BNP、IL-27水平变化,观察不同程度CHF患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)与血浆BNP、IL-27的关系。结果观察组血浆BNP的表达水平[(512.42±324.43)pg/ml]明显高于对照组[(30.50±20.30)pg/ml](P0.05),血浆IL-27表达水平[(0.58±0.21)pg/ml]低于对照组[(0.89±0.43)pg/ml],且BNP与IL-27的表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.54,P0.05)。血浆BNP水平从心功能Ⅱ级[(756.45±184.82)pg/ml]、心功能Ⅲ级[(1090.78±220.32)pg/ml]、心功能Ⅳ级[(2130.26±265.89)pg/ml]依次上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);IL-27表达水平从心功能Ⅱ级[(0.51±0.18)pg/ml]、心功能Ⅲ级[(0.32±0.15)pg/ml]、心功能Ⅳ级[(0.18±0.10)pg/ml]依次降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);LVEF与血浆BNP、IL-27相关性分别为(r=-0.51,r=0.61,P0.05)。结论血浆BNP、IL-27水平变化均可反映CHF程度,而BNP表达的更为敏感,且两者之间有一定影响。     

急性心肌梗死患者BNP水平与无复流及冠脉病变严重程度的相关性

目的:研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者脑利钠肽(BNP)水平与无复流及冠脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法:入选行经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的AMI患者120例,术中出现无复流的患者为无复流组(40例),未出现无复流的AMI患者80例作为对照组。无复流组又根据冠状动脉造影结果分为单支病变组(14例)、双支病变组(10例)、三支病变组(16例)。对上述患者血浆BNP水平进行测定比较。结果:无复流组PCI术前血浆BNP水平高于对照组[(121.8±31.2)pg/ml比(92.4±29.3)pg/ml,P=0.001]。无复流组血浆BNP的受检者工作特征曲线(ROC)下面积为0.699,表明血浆BNP水平与AMI患者PCI术后无复流具有良好的相关性。Gensini积分、BNP水平随病变支数的增加呈明显上升趋势(P0.01),且Pearson相关分析显示,BNP水平与Gensini积分呈显著正相关(r=0.343,P=0.036)。结论:急性心肌梗死患者血浆脑利钠肽水平可为急性心肌梗死早期危险分层提供证据,并且能够较好地预测无复流的发生。     

老年冠心病患者血浆心肌营养素-1与心功能的关系

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者血浆心肌营养素-1(CT-1)与心功能的关系及其临床意义.方法 应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定老年冠心病患者54例(NYHAⅠ级11例,NYHA Ⅱ级16例,Ⅲ级16例,Ⅳ级11例)血浆CT-1、脑钠素(BNP)水平,通过超声心动图检查测定左室射血分数(LVEF).结果 老年冠心病患者血浆CT-1水平随心功能下降而升高.其中NYHAⅣ级患者为(249.95±53.529)pg/ml,Ⅲ级患者为(159.67±50.159)pg/ml,Ⅱ级患者为(108.70±39.241)pg/ml,NYHAⅠ级为(70.66±29.021)pg/ml,各组CT-1水平差异具有统计学意义(F＝35.144,P＜0.01),组间比较亦有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).Spearman直线相关分析显示老年冠心病患者血浆CT-1水平与心功能分级相关(r=0.805,P＜0.01);Pearson直线相关分析显示冠心病组血浆CT-1水平与血浆BNP水平相关(r=0.819,P＜0.01),与LVEF值负相关(r=-0.678,P＜0.01).通过绘制CT-1的ROC曲线,CT-1在ROC曲线下的面积为0.882,95%的可信区间为0.789～0.974,曲线下面积差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 老年冠心病患者血浆CT-1水平随心功能下降而升高,且与BNP、NYHA分级、LVEF具有较好的相关性.联合检测老年冠心病患者血浆CT-1、BNP浓度有助于判断冠心病预后.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术对血浆B型钠尿肽、血管内皮生长因子水平变化的动态观察

目的 观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前后血浆B型钠尿肽(BNP)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平的变化规律.方法 采用快速荧光免疫测定法和酶联免疫吸附法分别检测50例AMI患者PCI治疗前后血浆BNP、VEGF水平.结果 BNP水平PCI 术后明显降低(P＜0.01),且BNP下降幅度与患者冠脉病变支数(r=0.354 1,P＜0.05)、冠脉病变程度(r=0.550 1,P＜0.01)、左室舒张末期内径(r=0.623 7,P＜0.01)、射血分数(r=0.856 4,P＜0.01)之间存在相关;VEGF水平PCI术后水平明显升高(P＜0.01),且与冠脉病变程度(r=0.635 9,P＜0.01)、左室射血分数(r=0.875 1,P＜0.01)之间存在相关;BNP下降与VEGF升高在PCI术后短时间(24 h内)之间存在负相关(r=-0.470 2,P＜0.01).结论 检测AMI患者PCI术前后BNP、VEGF的变化可以评估疗效及预后.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.