大花千里光中吡咯里西啶生物碱的分离与鉴定

从菊科植物大花千里光Senecioambraceus全草的甲醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了5种吡咯里西啶生物碱，它们是千里光碱（senecionine，Ⅰ）、全缘千里光碱（integerrimine，Ⅱ）、千里光菲灵碱（seneciphylline，Ⅲ）、克氏千里光碱（senkirkine，Ⅳ）和倒千里光碱（retrorsine，v）。     

网脉橐吾的化学成分研究

目的：从菊科橐吾属植物网脉橐吾Ligularia dictyoneura (Franch.)Hand.-Mazz。根中提取分离活性成分。方法：95％乙醇提取，硅胶柱层析，重结晶等。结果：从石油醚部分分离鉴定了5个化合物，其中3个（Ⅰ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ）为eremophilane(艾里莫芬烷）型倍半萜，1个（Ⅱ）为bakkenolide(蜂斗菜内酯）型倍半萜，4个倍半萜Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ分别为：7（11）－eremophilen-8-one,bakkenolide A,6β-hydroxyeremophil-7(11)-en-12,8α－olide,6β,8β-hydroxyeremophill-7(11)-en-12,8α-olide，另外1个化合物为β-谷甾醇（Ⅴ）。结论：5个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。     

其它

335.对肝有毒的吡咯里西啶生物碱的植物来源在引起人的疾病方面,加深对具有肝毒的吡咯里西啶生物碱的认识具有重要的意义。其慢性和进行性的作用特点,包括致癌性,意味着它是类似于霉菌毒素的一类主要生物碱。人或动物长时间摄取即或低含量的植物(或食物),便可引起疾病.含有吡咯里西啶生物碱的植物是广泛而大量存在的。主要来源于紫草科(所有属)、菊科(千里     

吡咯里西啶生物碱的细胞毒性及致毒机制研究进展

吡咯里西啶生物碱广泛分布于6 000多种高等植物中，是一类肝毒性很强的天然产物。吡咯里西啶生物碱在肝脏代谢成活性代谢物吡咯后产生肝毒性。利用体外细胞毒性研究方法评价吡咯里西啶生物碱的毒性，对于阐明吡咯里西啶生物碱的致毒机制，研究开发拮抗其毒性的药物及保证临床用药安全具有重要意义。本文对吡咯里西啶生物碱的细胞毒性及致毒机制的研究进展进行综述。     

中药毒性的代谢组学研究(Ⅱ):吡咯里西啶类生物碱的肝肾毒性

目的 分析经中药千里光中吡咯里西啶类生物碱染毒后大鼠尿液内源性代谢产物的变化,研究该类生物碱的肝肾毒性,为中药毒性评价提供简单可靠的方法.方法 利用生物核磁共振技术分析对照组,吡咯里西啶类生物碱口服给药组的大鼠7d的尿液、结合模式识别技术和主成分分析法评价吡咯里西啶类生物碱对大鼠尿液内源性代谢物的影响,探讨吡咯里西啶类生物碱的肝肾毒性.结果 与对照组相比,口服吡咯里西啶类生物碱引起大鼠尿中牛磺酸,氧化三甲胺以及二甲基甘氨酸含量的持续增高,说明对肝脏及肾脏造成了损伤,提示吡咯里西啶类生物碱存在肝肾毒性.结论 从代谢组学的角度可以诠释中药千里光的肝肾毒性,提示代谢组学方法可为传统中药毒性研究提供新的手段.     

肝毒吡咯里西啶生物碱与中草药

结合研究工作，就含肝毒吡咯里西啶生物碱中草药的安全性、质量控制、合理开发利用及从中草药中寻找拮抗、治疗吡咯里西啶生物碱肝脏毒的活性成分等方面提出了一些思路。     

川紫菀水提取物中主要生物碱成分clivorine分析及其对大鼠肝毒性初步研究

目的 考察川紫菀水提取物对大鼠的肝毒性,并探讨其肝毒性与水提取物中吡咯里西啶生物碱成分之间的关系。方法 采用HPLC法分析川紫菀水提取物中主要吡咯里西啶生物碱成分,并结合文献报道设定水提取物的给药剂量。将水提取物ig给予SD大鼠,通过测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）的活性、肝组织中结合吡咯和还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平及观察肝组织病理改变,考察水提取物的肝毒性。结果 川紫菀水提取物中主要吡咯里西啶生物碱成分为clivorine（3.94 mg/g）。单次给予水提取物无论剂量高低,ALT和AST均未见明显改变,但肝组织GSH水平显著下降;多次给药时水提取物高剂量组ALT和AST显著升高（P＜0.05）。各给药组肝组织中均可检出结合吡咯,其量与给药剂量大小及次数呈正相关。组织病理学观察未见肝组织有明显病变。结论 川紫菀水提取物具有潜在的肝毒性,大剂量的毒性尤为明显。Clivorine是水提取物中的主要生物碱成分,可能是川紫菀肝毒性的主要毒效物质。     

宽舌橐吾的化学成分研究

目的:研究宽舌橐吾(Ligularia platyglossa (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz.)的化学成分,发现生物活性成分,为其资源开发利用奠定化学基础.方法:采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20柱和Rp-18反相柱层析法分离、重结晶纯化化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构.结果:从宽舌橐吾的根和根茎中分得艾里莫芬烷型倍半萜内酯类、黄酮类、苯甲酸类和吡咯里西啶生物碱类等7个已知化合物,分别为:Eremophil-1(10),7(11),8(9) -trien-12,8-olide(1);8β-Hydroxy-eremophil-7(11),9(10) -dien-12,8α-olide(2);2-Oxo-eremophil-1(10),7(11),8(9) -trien-12,8-olide(3);黄颜木素(Fisetin)(4);异香草酸(Isovanillic acid, 即3-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid)(5);7-Angelyheliotridine(6);胡萝卜苷(7).结论:以上化合物均为首次从宽舌橐吾中分得,其中化合物2～6为首次从橐吾属中分得,化合物3为新的天然产物.     

匍枝千里光的生物碱研究

目的对千里光属中匍枝千里光的生物碱进行研究。方法使用常压硅胶柱层析法对匍枝千里光乙醇提取物的二氯甲烷萃取部分的化学成分进行分离和纯化,通过理化方法和核磁共振(NMR)对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从匍枝千里光中分离并鉴定了3个新的生物碱(人工产物)N-氯甲基-9-当归酰矛蟹甲草裂碱氯化物(P-1)、N-氯甲基瓶草千里光碱氯化物(P-2)、N-氯甲基瓶草千里光新碱氯化物(P-3)和1个已知的吡咯里西啶生物碱9-当归酰阔叶千里光裂碱(P-4)。结论 4个吡咯里西啶生物碱化合物均为首次从匍枝千里光中经二氯甲烷处理后分离得到。     

离舌橐吾根茎化学成分的研究

目的：拟从离舌橐吾根茎中提取分离出倍半萜类化合物,为其资源开发提供依据。方法：通过粉碎离舌橐吾根茎,然后用乙醇浸取得到浸膏,然后采用真空旋转蒸发仪在低温条件下浓缩得到提取物,最后通过硅胶柱和一系列比例不同的洗脱剂洗脱,得到的馏分用薄层色谱法来合并,最终得到单体,再利用TLC来分析单体成分的纯度,利用NMR（^1H、^13C-NMR、DEPT）等色谱方法来鉴别单体化合物的结构。结果：从离舌橐吾根茎中分离提取到3种化合物,一种为倍半萜（化合物I）,另两种为十八碳酸类（化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ）。结论：3种化合物均为从离舌橐吾根茎中首次分离得到。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.