小白鼠腹膜间皮的扫描电镜观察及机能探讨

我们用扫描电镜观察了5只小白鼠的脏、壁层腹膜间皮及肠系膜腹膜间皮,发现腹膜间皮细胞表面有排列形式不一,形态各异的微绒毛、火山口样凹陷、细胞表面的圆形缺损区及颗粒等。在肠系膜腹膜间皮还发现了细胞间孔。我们还观察到间皮细胞具有六种不同的形态。     

间皮相关抗体在胸膜恶性间皮瘤和胸膜转移癌鉴别诊断中的作用

目的　探讨calretinin、CK5 / 6、mesothelialcell(MC)、CEA和vimentin在胸膜恶性间皮瘤及胸膜转移性肺腺癌中的表达及其在鉴别诊断中的作用。方法　用免疫组化EnVision二步法检测 13例胸膜恶性间皮瘤和 13例胸膜转移性肺腺癌中的calretinin、CK5 / 6、MC、CEA、vimentin的表达情况。结果　calretinin、CK5 / 6、CEA在恶性间皮瘤与胸膜转移性肺腺癌中表达差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。MC、vimentin在恶性间皮瘤和胸膜转移性肺腺癌中表达差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　间皮相关抗体calretinin、CK5 / 6及癌抗体CEA对鉴别胸膜恶性间皮瘤及胸膜转移性肺腺癌有诊断价值。     

大鼠膈腹膜间皮通透性的电镜观察

腹膜腔内注射兔血液和中墨汁后，用电镜观察了大鼠膈腹膜间皮对示踪剂血细胞和碳颗粒的通透笥。在膈膜隐窝区，示踪剂经三种途径通过膈腹膜间皮。（１）间皮孔的吸收作用。示踪剂由腹膜腔经间皮孔直接进入膈毛细淋巴管，或被成纤维细胞的突起包绕。（２）间皮细胞的吞噬作用。（３）示踪剂通过间皮细胞间裂隙或细胞间连接。     

腹膜透析液对小鼠腹膜间皮超微结构的影响

腹膜透析液对小鼠腹膜间皮超微结构的影响浙江医科大学淋巴学研究室（杭州３１００３１）李继承张凯△陈一芳徐萍李华△△；持续性不卧床腹膜透析（ｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅａｍｂｕｌａｔｏｒｙｐｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌｄｉａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＣＡＰＤ）是治疗老年人终末期肾衰和糖...     

一例胸膜间皮细胞瘤的体会

间皮细胞瘤是一种少见的原发性胸膜肿瘤,分为局限型和弥漫型两种,局限型是良性或低恶性肿瘤,弥漫型为恶性肿瘤,此病仅占肿瘤0．1％,男性多于女性,右胸腔比左胸腔常见,现将我院发现一例报告如下。     

大鼠大网膜表面的扫描电镜观察

大白鼠大网膜不同结构区——薄膜区、脂肪和血管区的表面均有一层间皮和散在的乳斑。同皮细胞间借突起相接。突起之间可见宽窄不一的间隙。薄膜区间隙较大,呈网络状。间皮细胞表面有疏密不均的微绒毛。微绒毛或离散分布,或连接成网。在微绒毛稀少区的细胞表面可见散在的小孔。在脂肪和血管区有丰富的乳斑,薄膜区乳斑少见且较少。乳斑的细胞多数位于间皮细胞间的间隙内或其表面。乳斑细胞的绝大部分裸露于腹膜腔。乳斑的细胞成分主要为巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞,有少数颗粒白细胞和红细胞,偶见肥大细胞。     

腹膜炎大鼠肥大细胞及间皮的形态变化

目的：探讨腹膜炎大鼠间皮细胞的形态变化和肥大细胞的作用。方法：将粪汁注入大鼠腹腔,制成腹膜炎模型。注射后第1、2、3、4h取肠系膜铺片,硫堇染色,光镜观察肥大细胞的数量和形态。间皮细胞的形态做了扫描电镜观察。结果：在腹膜炎的第1～4h,5mm^2肠系膜内可辨认的肥大细胞总数由平均37．7个减至平均13．7个;正在脱颗粒的肥大细胞,由平均1个增至20．8个;核周有少数颗粒的裸核肥大细胞由无增至平均6．1个。间皮细胞的损伤随腹膜炎的发展而加重。结论：肥大细胞释放活性物质,以速发超敏反应参与腹膜炎的病理过程,早期减少腹膜间皮表面积,减少毒素吸收;晚期加速腹膜间皮破坏,增加毒素吸收。     

恶性腹膜间皮细胞瘤的诊断一例报告

间皮瘤是发生于浆膜间皮细胞的肿瘤,比较罕见,误诊率高,尤以腹水为特征的病例。作者就此例恶性腹膜间皮细胞瘤的诊治问题报告如下。 一、临床资料 患者,女性,68岁,因全身胀痛不适1月加重伴双下肢浮肿半月于1998年3月13日以“左肾上极错构瘤恶变”入住泌尿科,以后相继转住消化内科、普外科。查体:一般情况尚可,营     

仙人掌仙人掌皮线虫(Cactodera cacti)记述及其扫描电镜观察

作者于１９８２年在厦门仙人掌［Ｏｐｕｎｔｉａｄｉｌｅｎｉ（Ｋｅｒ）Ｈｏｗ］的根部发现一种形成胞囊的线虫，鉴定为仙人掌仙人掌皮线虫（Ｃａｃｔｏｄｅｒａｃａｃｔｉ），并对其胞囊、幼虫和卵进行了扫描电镜观察。扫描电镜下的主要特征是：胞囊突出的阴门锥背侧有一凹陷区，为雌虫的尾端。环膜孔，有阴门小齿。尾端与膜孔之间有２～３条表皮花纹。卵壳内壁密布大小不一的刻点。第二期幼虫头部中央椭圆形的唇盘与周围的６个唇是分开的，而两个侧背唇之间和两个侧腹唇之间也都是分开的，即各不愈合。头区有４条完整的环纹，环纹呈六边形。     

胸膜顶区的应用解剖学

本文在40具成人尸体上对胸膜顶区进行应用解剖学研究。胸膜顶突出锁骨上方,左侧为2.2±0.5cm,右侧为2.7±0.6cm。胸膜顶在背侧界与第七颈椎棘突之间的距离,左侧为3.1±0.5cm、右侧为3.2±0.5cm。     

Thick myofilament mass determination by electron scattering measurements with the scanning transmission electron microscope

Summary An accurate value for mass/length of thick myofilaments is required to establish a limit for the maximum number of myosin molecules per crossbridge repeat. The mass/length of the crossbridge regions of desalted thick myofilaments from insect flight muscle (Lethocerus andMusca) and rabbit psoas has been measured with a computer-linked STEM by comparing the electron scattering signal per unit length of unstained thick filaments with that from TMV particles in the same image. Filament preparation was aided by limited digestion of myofibrils to remove Z bands using calcium-activated factor (CAF) from rabbit skeletal muscle; SDS gels showed that this selective protease spared myosin and tended to spare paramyosin but removed C protein.Lethocerus filaments prepared by the CAF procedure were 20–25% heavier per unit length than those prepared by conventional (simple) shearing, and retained a clear and generally uniform 14.5 nm crossbridge repeat by negative staining.We have expressed mass/length of thick filaments as myosin equivalents (mol. wt 0.470 × 10⁶) per crown (that is, the 14.5 nm insect or 14.3 nm vertebrate repeat along thick filaments). TMV standards, calculated to weigh 0.1304×10⁶ daltons nm^–1 and thus equivalent to 4.02 myosins per 14.5 nm, were uniform to ±3%s.d. for 73 particles after normalizing means for each different image field. After subtracting the known paramyosin content from insect measurements (11% for waterbug, 2% for the housefly), but making no C protein correction to rabbit measurements, the following results were obtained:Lethocerus (all) 4.19±0.50 (243 filaments);Lethocerus (CAF prepns) 4.40±0.44 (145 filaments);Musca (all CAF) 4.14±0.37 (57 filaments); rabbit (all CAF) 2.86±0.34 (75 filaments).These values favour the lowest integral number of myosins per crown among currently competing models of thick filament structure. The rabbit value agrees with several previous estimates, including the STEM measurements of Lamvik, which indicated three rather than four myosins/crown. The insect flight myofilament value of four forces re-evaluation of previous estimates by quantitative gels and quantitative microscopy of whole fibrils which had favoured six myosins/crown.     

Studies onEchinococcus granulosus using the scanning electron microscope

The morphology of the hooks ofEchinococcus granulosus at the protoscolex level was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. Hooks were uncovered in situ and also freed from the rostellum so as to study them in detail. There were two types of hooks: those of the upper row, which were larger and had a projecting, rounded stout guard, and those of the lower row, which were smaller and had a flattened guard. These and other differences in the morphology of the two types of hooks were studied and related to the differences in their function.     

Surface morphology of human aorta as revealed by the scanning electron microscope

Human aorta was prepared for scanning electron microscopy using critical point drying. The aortic surface is lined by a continuous layer of squamous endothelial cells. The luminal surface of these cells contains many microvilli or microappendages and pinocytotic vesicles. In addition, at the periphery of each cell, larger marginal appendages or microfolds are present which allow the observer to see the cell boundaries clearly. The marginal folds are superficial to the cell junctions and could be observed without any staining procedures. These observations on human aorta are generally in agreement with our findings on the rabbit and guinea pig aorta and vena cava but are in contrast to others who have reported the presence of ridges, intercellular bridges, and “hair-like” processes on the endothelial surfaces.     

The development of the chick embryo gallbladder studied by scanning electron microscope

The differentiation of the gallbladder mucous membrane in chick embryos has been studied from the 11th day of incubation until hatching (stages 37-46 of Hamburger an Hamilton 1951) with scanning electron microscope. The surface of the mucous membrane, at the 11th day of incubation, appears regularly smooth. From the 12th day onwards, longitudinal folds appear on the surface of the mucous membrane, becoming more and more numerous and complicated in the following days. During the last days of incubation, branching and anastomosing folds are present. At the 11th day of incubation, the epithelial cells lining the gallbladder surface have flattened apices, with short microvilli. From the 12th day onwards, the epithelial cells show dome shaped apices, with long numerous microvilli. From the 15th day of incubation onwards, some particular secretory cells can be detected. The appearance of these cells is probably related to the water-absorbing function of the gallbladder which in the last days of incubation completes its functional development, because of precise digestive requirements of the chick embryo.     

Multiple calcifying fibrous tumors of the pleura

Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare lesion characterized histologically by hypocellular hyalinized collagenous tissue with psammomatous and/or dystrophic calcifications and patchy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. CFT usually occurs in the somatic soft tissue of children and young adults but is rarely found in the pleura. We describe here an unusual case of multiple small CFTs in the right mediastinal pleura of a 54-year-old man who had a history of renal cell carcinoma. Suspecting pulmonary and pleural metastases, we performed wedge resection of the right middle lobe and local excision of two nodules in the right pleura. Light microscopy revealed metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma in the resected wedge. The pleural nodules were well circumscribed and composed of hypocellular, dense, hyalinized, collagenous tissue with scant lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and characteristic psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that most spindle cells were positive for vimentin, CD34 and factor XIIIa, and negative for epithelial membrane antigen, keratin, smooth-muscle actin, desmin, S-100 protein and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. We made a histological diagnosis of CFT of the pleura, and the patient remains well 6 months after the wedge resection.     

Mammalian fertilization as seen with the scanning electron microscope

For several years we have been looking at mammalian gametes and their interactions with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Examining the images produced by the SEM has given us a three-dimensional view of sperm, eggs, and egg investments. We are particularly impressed with the structural variation among gametes of different mammalian species. In this short report we examine the structure of mammalian spermatozoa, eggs, zonae pellucidae, and cumuli. Our observations and those of others have led us to believe that variation in gamete structure and function may have evolved as a mechanism for reproductive isolation of mammalian species.