威海矿泉浴对38例老年病患者甲皱微循环的影响

威海矿泉浴对高血压病、冠心病、脑动脉硬化症等老年病,经多年的临床观察,证明具有良好的治疗作用。检查发现上述疾病的甲皱微循环均有不同程度的异形管袢增多,微血流减慢和微血管周围渗出、出血等异常改变。为了探讨矿泉浴治疗老年病的作用机理,我们观察了38例老年病患者矿泉浴治疗前后甲皱微循环的改变。报告如下:     

不同危险分层的原发性高血压患者球结膜微循环的改变

目的 研究高血压病不同危险分层对原发性高血压患者球结膜微循环形态及功能的影响。方法 根据血压水平（1、2、3级）、其他心血管危险因素（年龄、吸烟、血胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、早发心血管家族史、体质量指数、高敏C反应蛋白等）、靶器官损害及并发症的情况,对118例高血压病患者进行分层,研究不同危险分层的高血压病患者和同期20例健康志愿者球结膜微循环的变化。结果 与健康对照组比较,低危组高血压病患者球结膜微循环改变主要表现为稀疏网格结构、微血管数目减少及细静脉管径变细,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。中危以上（含中危）组高血压病患者球结膜微循环出现形态、流态和袢周状态的明显改变。其形态改变主要为视野清晰度下降、微血管数减少、细动脉及细静脉管径变细、微血管粗细不均增多,并出现网格结构、微血管瘤、囊状扩张及缺血区。其流态改变主要为微血管内血流速度减慢、红细胞聚集。其管周渗出增加、含铁血黄素沉着增多。随着高血压危险分层的增加,球结膜微血管密网格结构比例逐渐增多、微血管数逐渐减少、微血管内血流速度逐渐减慢、红细胞聚集程度逐渐加重,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 高血压病患者出现与危险分层相关的球结膜微循环改变。     

恶性高血压病引起的血栓性微血管病15例临床分析

目的探讨恶性高血压病所致血栓性微血管病(TMA)的临床特点和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析15例恶性高血压病所致TMA患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗和预后。结果 15例患者中原发性高血压病3例(3/15),继发性高血压病6例(6/15),余6例无法明确是原发性高血压病还是肾实质高血压病。15例(15/15)患者均有不同程度的肾功能损伤、血小板减少、微血管性溶血性贫血。12例患者(12/15)行肾替代治疗。15例(15/15)患者未发生死亡病例,未行血浆置换,全部好转出院。恶性高血压病相关TMA患者就诊时血红蛋白水平、血小板计数显著高于经典TMA患者,而血浆置换比例、糖皮质激素比例显著低于经典TMA患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论恶性高血压病所致TMA与经典TMA不同,提高认识有助于及时诊断,并进行针对性治疗。     

缺血性脑卒中并脑微出血的相关因素分析

目的探讨缺血性脑卒中患者合并脑微出血(CMB)的相关因素,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法选取2013年3月至2014年3月在兰州大学第二医院行头颅MRI检查的缺血性脑卒中患者142例,记录所有患者的一般临床资料及MRI检查结果。所有患者根据MRI检查结果,分为缺血性脑卒中并脑微出血组和单纯缺血性脑卒中组。对缺血性脑卒中患者脑微出血发生的可能相关因素进行Logistic回归分析。采用Mann-Whitney U检验探讨脑微出血与脑白质疏松分级之间的关系。结果缺血性脑卒中并脑微出血与高血压病、脑白质疏松相关(P0.05),与性别、年龄、2型糖尿病、高脂血症、服用抗凝药或抗血小板药无相关(P0.05)。两组脑白质疏松分级比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论高血压病、脑白质疏松是缺血性脑卒中并脑微出血的独立危险因素。在缺血性脑卒中患者中,缺血性脑卒中并脑微出血者的脑白质疏松程度更严重。     

高血压病患者视网膜微血管血流滞缓现象（摘要）

高血压病患者视网膜微血管血流滞缓现象（摘要）慈书平，江时森，王理理，李俭春，张启高高血压靶器官损伤的组织水平指标是微循环和微血管。眼底视网膜微血管是人体唯一可直接窥视的微血管，一直是临床医生观察高血压分期标准指标之一。既往用眼底镜只是肉限定性描述，缺...     

冠心病、心绞痛和高血压病甲襞微循环观察

甲襞微循环(NFM)是临床最常用的外周微循环检查，它在一定程度上可反映全身微循环状态。通过NFM可以直接观察到机体微血管循环状态，在病理状态下可见到红细胞聚集、白色微血栓、出血、渗出等。对某些疾病尤其是心脑血管病的诊断及治疗有重要的参考价值。1999年～2001年对符合WHO诊断标准的80例高血压病和110例冠心病、     

脑微出血的研究进展

脑微出血(CMB)在原发性脑出血患者中的发生率为33%～80%,在缺血性卒中患者中为26%～68%,在健康老年人中为5%～7．5%。CMB可能与易出血的微血管病变相关。探讨CMB预测高血压患者发生脑出血和脑出血后再发出血的风险,以及缺血性卒中抗血小板、抗凝和溶栓治疗中发生出血性转化的可能性,对卒中患者防治方法的选择和预后判断有重要意义。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的中医防治

正概述糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病微血管并发症之一,病程较长的糖尿病患者几乎都会出现不同程度的视网膜血管病变,其最早出现的眼底改变包括微血管瘤和出血。血管的改变可以发展为毛细血管无灌注,导致出血数量增加、棉絮斑和视网膜内微血管异常(IRMA)等     

健康老年人与卒中患者脑微出血的比较

目的　比较和分析健康老年人与老年卒中患者脑微出血的发生率、微出血的出血点数和位置。　方法　对 150例老年人行常规磁共振成像 (MRI)和梯度回波T2 加权成像 ,根据临床和MRI表现分为脑出血组 (2 1例 )、大动脉栓塞组 (19例 )、多发腔隙性梗死组 (3 2例 )、动脉硬化性脑病组 (2 5例 )和正常对照组 (53例 ) ,分别统计各组无症状脑微出血的发生率、微出血的出血点数和位置并进行分析。　 结果　脑出血组、多发腔隙性梗死组和动脉硬化性脑病组的微出血发生率分别为 76.2 %、59.4%和 72 % ,明显高于健康老年人的 7.5% (P <0 .0 1) ;微出血出血点数也明显高于正常组。 3 4 %的微出血位于皮层下白质内 ,2 5.2 %位于基底节 ,18.5%位于丘脑 ,11.8%位于脑干 ,10 .4%位于小脑。　结论　卒中患者多发性微出血的存在表明颅内微血管病变有明显出血倾向 ,在病人的治疗和处理方面具有重要意义     

脑微出血与脑出血

通过T2 加权梯度回波磁共振成像技术检测到的脑微出血可反映微血管病变的出血倾向。研究表明 ,微出血是脑出血显著而独立的危险因素 ,对脑出血的发生具有预测价值。同时 ,一些卒中相关因素对微出血及其与脑出血的关系也具一定影响。对脑微出血认识的不断加深 ,有助于进一步深入理解脑血管病的机制并可能改进目前的治疗方案。     

Microcirculation in the elderly

Studies on microcirculation in the elderly include observations in the small vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva and of the nailbed with respect to a classification of the findings according to a number of semeiologic criteria (diameter and shape alterations, terminal capillary network, intravascular red cell aggregation). In vascular diseases of the elderly there are typical alterations of the capillaroscopic findings in the bulbar conjunctiva and in the nailbed, particularly in cases of arteriosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetic microangiopathy, heart failure, ischemic myocardiopathies. During the treatment with some vasoactive drugs (nicotinic acid and its derivatives, buflomedil, CPD-choline) there are marked modifications of the small conjunctival vessels, with evident dilatations, appearance of collaterals, increased homogeneity of the blood flow, better evidence of the capillary network and reduction of intravascular red cell aggregation.     

Microvascular abnormalities in the bulbar conjunctiva of contact lens users

Soft contact lenses are commonly used to improve vision acuity or in cosmetic enhancement. We hypothesize that contact lens use can cause inadvertent damage to either the conjunctival microcirculation via direct vasoocclusion when the lens physically interacts with or damages the underlying vessels, or to the bulbar conjunctiva itself when the lens rests unevenly on the surface of the bulbar conjunctiva. Computer-assisted intravital microscopy was utilized to document (via video recording) and objectively quantify (via image analysis) real-time microvascular abnormalities resulting from changes and vessel remodeling in the conjunctival microcirculation in long-term (>2 yrs) contact lens users (n = 102), with non-users serving as control subjects (n = 29). A severity index (SI)--computed as the arithmetic sum of the abnormalities found in the conjunctival microcirculation in each contact lens user--was established for objective comparison with control subjects and critical interpretation. Contact lens user SI was significantly higher than control SI (user = 6.21 ± 1.26; control = 2.31 ± 1.49; p < 0.05), indicative of severe vasculopathy arising from contact lens use. The users also had significantly wider conjunctival vessel diameter (user = 71.25 ± 12.09 μm; control = 52.20 ± 5.10 μm; p < 0.05). Additional abnormalities, including damaged vessels, hemosiderin deposits (from damaged vessels or injury to the surface of the bulbar conjunctiva), vessel sludging, intermittent blood flow, and vessel tortuosity were commonly found in or adjacent to locations where the contact lens physically rested on the underlying conjunctival vessels. These results strongly suggest that microvascular abnormalities and remodeling changes occurred as a result of the inadvertent physical interaction of the lenses with either the underlying conjunctival vessels or the surface of the bulbar conjunctiva in contact lens users.     

Relation between microcirculatory disorders and coronary circulation in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (clinico- angiographic study)

The interrelationship between bulbar conjunctival microcirculation and coronary blood flow was studied in patients who had sustained myocardial infarction. It was shown that the trends in abnormal changes occurring in the cardiac vessels and their severity might be judged from microcirculatory alterations in the bulbar conjunctiva.     

Microvascular abnormalities in sickle cell disease: a computer-assisted intravital microscopy study

The conjunctival microcirculation of 18 homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) patients during steady-state, painful crisis, and postcrisis conditions was recorded on high-resolution videotapes using intravital microscopy. Selected videotape sequences were subsequently coded, frame-captured, studied, and blindly analyzed using computer-assisted image analysis protocols. At steady-state (baseline), all SCD patients exhibited some of the following morphometric abnormalities: abnormal vessel diameter, comma signs, blood sludging, boxcar blood flow phenomenon, distended vessels, damaged vessels, hemosiderin deposits, vessel tortuosity, and microaneurysms. There was a decrease in vascularity (diminished presence of conjunctival vessels) in SCD patients compared with non-SCD controls, giving the bulbar conjunctiva a "blanched" avascular appearance in most but not all SCD patients during steady-state. Averaged steady-state red cell velocity in SCD patients was slower than in non-SCD controls. During painful crisis, a further decrease in vascularity (caused by flow stoppage in small vessels) and a 36.7% +/- 5.2% decrease in large vessel (mostly venular) diameter resulted. In addition, the conjunctival red cell velocities either slowed significantly (6.6% +/- 13.1%; P <.01) or were reduced to a trickle (unmeasurable) during crisis. The microvascular changes observed during crisis were transient and reverted to steady-state baseline after resolution of crisis. When combined, intravital microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis (computer-assisted intravital microscopy) represent the availability of a noninvasive tool to quantify microvascular abnormalities in vascular diseases, including sickle cell disease. The ability to identify and relocate the same conjunctival vessels for longitudinal studies uniquely underscores the applicability of this quantitative real-time technology.     

Microcirculation and hemorheology in NIDDM patients

The authors studied 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 5 controls matched for age, sex, blood lipids, and smoking habit. The two groups were also comparable for hemorheologic characteristics as evaluated by viscosimetry on whole blood, plasma and serum, erythrocyte filtration and aggregation. The microcirculation was studied in the subjects of both groups by microalbuminuria determination, retinal fluorangiography, and capillaroscopic examination of the bulbar conjunctive and nail folds. None of the patients presented microalbuminuria values higher than the upper limit of normal (20mg/24h). Fluoroangiographic alterations were observed in 4 patients, and all 10 presented capillaroscopic alterations at the bulbar conjunctiva (microaneurysms, erythrocyte aggregates) and nail folds (more frequently of the fingers than toes). Similar alterations were detected in controls. Thus these abnormalities seem independent of hemorheologic values.     

Microvascular blood is distributed more to venules than to arterioles in patients with Buerger's disease. Observation of bulbar conjunctiva by intravital microscope system.

BACKGROUND: It has been a matter of controversy whether abnormalities of organs other than extremities may be a clinical manifestation of Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans; TAO). In the present investigation, our aim was to quantitatively characterise the configuration of microvascular networks in bulbar conjunctiva, which is not affected apparently, in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. METHODS: Nine men with thromboangiitis obliterans attended our hospital and nine male volunteers as normal controls were enrolled in this study. We observed and analysed the configuration of the network of a bulbar conjunctiva by use of intravital microscope system with computer assisted image processing functions. Microvessel density was defined as a summation of vessel length in a ROI area and tortuosity was evaluated by a ratio of vessel length to direct distance of both terminals. RESULTS: In the microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in thromboangiitis obliterans, arteriole diameter was significantly decreased and density of venules was significantly increased. Increased venular density was mainly explained by increased tortuosity of venules. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, microvascular blood was distributed more to venules than to arterioles in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. Venule/arteriole ratios of diameter, tortuosity and microvessel density may be useful parameters to characterize the configuration of microvascular networks in thromboangiitis obliterans.     

Risk assessment for delayed hemorrhagic complication of colonic polypectomy: polyp-related factors and patient-related factors

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage is among the most serious complications of colorectal polypectomy and may occur after a longer postprocedure interval. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to elucidate the risk factors for delayed postpolypectomy hemorrhage, including both polyp characteristics and the general condition of the patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: A total of 6617 cases of colorectal polypectomy was performed in 3138 consecutive patients in Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The risk factors for delayed postpolypectomy hemorrhage were assessed among polyp characteristics (form, size, histologic features) and the method of resection by unconditional logistic regression. Patient conditions (smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia) were compared between case-control pairs matched on polyp-related characteristics by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Hemorrhage occurred in 38 lesions (0.57%) of 37 patients (1.2%): 22 required endoscopic hemostasis and 1 required blood transfusion. Although polyp size was associated with the occurrence of delayed hemorrhage (10.0 +/- 6.9 mm in hemorrhage cases vs 5.6 +/- 3.8 mm in others, P < .0001), other polyp-related factors were not significant. Hypertension was a complication in 25 of 37 (68%) cases and in 21 of 74 (28%) matched controls, showing an adjusted odds ratio of 5.6 (95% CI 1.8-17.2, P = .001). Other patient characteristics were not significant. The interval between polypectomy and hemorrhage was significantly longer in patients with hypertension (median 6 days, range 2-14 days) than in those without hypertension (2.5 days, 1-9 days; P = .019). LIMITATIONS: This study does not provide information regarding prevention of hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for delayed colorectal postpolypectomy hemorrhage. The interval between polypectomy and hemorrhage can be as long as 14 days in the presence of hypertension.     

Association of blunted nocturnal blood pressure dip with intracerebral hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES: Nondipping pattern of nocturnal blood pressure is associated with silent ischemic cerebrovascular lesions and lacunar infarctions. In this case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the association of diurnal blood pressure variation with the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed at 21-28 days after ictus in 78 first-ever unselective consecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and in 80 age-adjusted and sex-adjusted controls who were referred to the hypertension center of our institution. The degree of nocturnal blood pressure dip was calculated as [(mean daytime values-mean night-time values)/mean daytime values]x100. Nondippers were defined as patients who exhibited a <10% nocturnal dip in systolic blood pressure. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association of nondipping status with intracerebral hemorrhage after adjusting for potential confounders (cardiovascular risk factors, office and ambulatory blood pressure levels). RESULTS: Prevalence of nondipping was significantly greater among cases than among controls (74.4% vs. 43.8%, P<0.001). Nondipping status was independently (P=0.033) associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (OR: 2.326, 95% CI: 1.068-5.050) in a multiple variable logistic regression model that adjusted for baseline characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, office and ambulatory blood pressure variables. The magnitude of the nocturnal systolic blood pressure dipping was inversely related to the risk of intracerebral bleeding; the odds ratio for intracerebral hemorrhage associated with every 1% decrease in nocturnal systolic blood pressure dip was 1.143 (95% CI: 1.058-1.235, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Given the previous reports that nondipping contributes to the risk of cerebral infarction, our results indicate that blunted nocturnal blood pressure dip may be also associated with the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhage.     

Meticulous closure of collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura to control intraoperative bleeding during lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension

BackgroundMassive blood transfusion compensating hemorrhage during lung transplantation (LT) results in primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and worse outcomes after LT. Collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura could be the source of hemorrhage during LT in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of closure with hemoclips of the vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura on the risk of intraoperative hemorrhage and outcomes after LT in patients with PH.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 80 patients who underwent LT, including 13 patients with primary PH, 29 patients with secondary PH, and 38 patients with non-PH.ResultsThe median number of hemoclips was significantly higher in the primary PH group than in the non-PH group (P=0.0045) or secondary PH group (P=0.0060). The intraoperative blood loss, transfusion volume, maximum PGD grade, and the 30-day and 90-day mortality rates in the primary PH group were equivalent to those in the other two groups.ConclusionsMeticulous closure of collateral vessels in the perihilar mediastinal pleura during LT in patients with primary PH allowed intraoperative hemorrhage to be controlled and might be associated with acceptable mortality rate in these patients similar to that of LT in patients with other diseases.     

Rheological properties of blood and parameters of platelets aggregation in arterial hypertension

The results of some researches specify the important role of blood rheological properties changes in arterial hypertension (AH) pathogenesis. The goal of our study is to investigate the parameters of hemorheology and platelet aggregation in patients with various grade of AH. The study was carried out on 27 patients with grade 1 AH (group 1), 24 patients with grade 2 AH (group 2) and 29 healthy subjects (group 3). In patients of these groups, we evaluated erythrocytes deformability, red blood cells and platelets aggregation, blood and plasma viscosity. Using intra-vital computer-associated microscopic system we investigated microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva. We observed that the rate of ADP-induced platelets aggregation is higher in group 1 as compared to groups 2 and 3. In groups 1 and 3, red blood cells rigidity index is significantly lower as compared to group 2. Erythrocyte aggregability is higher in group 2 in comparison with groups 1 and 3. The results obtained demonstrate that mild hypertension is associated with the rise of platelets aggregability, moderate hypertension is accompanied by the reduction of red blood cells deformability and increase of erythrocyte aggregability. These data may reflect differences in conditions for the formation of microcirculation disorders in AH of various grade.