智力低下儿童事件相关电位的研究

对３１例智力低下儿童进行事件相关电位和智商对照研究，并与政党儿童进行比较，发现Ｐ３波之潜伏期与ＩＱ的主同低有显著的相关性，靶刺激时智力低下儿童Ｐ２、Ｐ３波波幅较正常儿童组低。提示ＥＲＰ测演是评价智氏下儿童认知功能较为灵敏的一种客观指标。     

儿童智力低下的相关因素

了解儿童智力低下的相关因素。将１６８例智力低下儿童与正常儿童进行对比。发现父母文化程度、生母智力、家庭内关系、母孕期情绪，出生体重，出生时有无窒息及家长对儿童的教育态度和行为训练与儿童智力低下关系密切。儿童智力低下的因素很多，必须予以重视。     

95名学习困难儿童智力结构的初步分析

目的 探讨困难儿童的智力结构。方法 采用中国韦氏儿童智力量表对９５名学习儿童与９５名学习良好儿童的智力水平及其结构特征进行测查。结果 学习困难儿童ＦＩＱ明显偏低，ＶＩＱ〈ＰＩＱ分离，及言语理解能力和记忆与注意能力较差。结论 智力水平偏低特别是能力发展不平衡可能是导致儿童学习困难的重要原因之一。     

儿童难治性癫痫引起智力低下的机制及预后干预

儿童癫痫多为相对良性疾病 ,但亦有些痫性发作很难控制或与智力低下发病有关 ,则称难治性癫痫。有两种因素可帮助命名一种痫性发作性疾病为难治性癫痫 :a、很难控制的痫性发作 ;b、与智力低下程度相关的痫性发作。儿童难治性癫痫包括一组少见疾病和综合征。许多难治性癫痫患儿伴有不明显脑异常 ,此类患儿不论他们是否有痫性发作将不可避免地导致智力低下 ;然而有些病人 ,智力低下似乎是由痫性发作本身引起。发育的可塑性使儿童有幸从明显的脑损害中康复 ,然而 ,这种可塑性也可以是智力低下的原因。这类病人若控制痫性发作智力发育可正常。因…     

精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系

目的：了解精神分裂症患者自知力与智力的关系。方法：对７５例精神分裂症患者出院前１周内做智力测验并测定症状及自知力恢复情况，在背景材料一致下比较自知力与智力的关系。结果：患者自知力恢复越完全，其言语ＩＱ、操作ＩＱ及总ＩＱ显著高；右力差者中４５．９％属智力障碍。结论：自知力恢复受智力水平的影响。     

儿童难治性癫痫引起智力低下的机制研究

儿童难治性癫痫包括一组少见疾病和综合征。许多难治性癫痫患儿伴有不明显脑异常,此类患儿不论他们是否有痫性发作将不可避免地导致智力低下;然而有些病人,智力低下是由痫性发作本身引起。这类病人若控制痫性发作智力发育可正常。因此,应尽各种努力使难治性癫痫的儿童痫性发作得以控制。     

特殊教育对弱智儿童智力的影响

一所培智小学６６名弱智学生经过二年特殊教育，观察其智力的变化。结果发现，平均智商（ＩＱ）提高５．４２，男女无显著差异；低年龄组以语言ＩＱ提高较明显，高年龄组则以操作ＩＱ提高较明显；基础智力损害越轻者进步幅度越大。对这一结果进行了讨论。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病脑电图与智能发育的相关性分析

目的对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)患儿进行随访观察,以评价脑电图(EEG)在判断HIE后期的智能与运动发育中的价值。方法将我院168例HIE足月儿进行研究,根据脑电图描记结果分为正常组(A)、轻度异常组(B)、中度异常组(C)、重度异常组(D);随访至6个月时,采用根据中国儿童发展中心和中国科学院心理研究所改变的儿童智能发育检查表(CDCC)评定表测评,比较各组智能发育的差异。结果不同组别的患儿在6个月龄时其运动与智力发育商比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组与B组运动与智力指数的平均值均正常,C组与D组运动与智力指数的平均值均异常,其中D组数值最低。A组与B组运动与智力指数的平均值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与C组、D组运动与智力指数的平均值比较均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新生儿期脑电图检测结果可预测6个月龄时智能发育水平,新生儿EEG可作为HIE早期判断智能预后的一种有效、方便的检查手段,为临床判断提供依据,促进早期干预。     

正常儿童ERP与智力关系的研究

３０例正常儿童进行了事件相关电位（ＥＲＰ）与智商（ＩＱ）和学习成绩的对照检查，发现Ｐ３００波群中Ｐ３的潜伏期（ＰＬ）与ＩＱ的高低和学习成绩有显著相关性（但３例例处（，提示Ｐ３的ＰＬ可作为评价并指导开发儿童智力的参考指标之一，而Ｎ４００无明确价值。     

精神分裂症有关智力的研究现状

本文复习了近期部分有关精神分裂症的智力研究。现综述于后。１精神分裂症与正常人的智力差异Ａ　ｓａｒｎｏｗ（１９７８）用ＷＡＩＳ的数字符号测验进行研究时发现，精神分裂症病人的成绩较正常对照组明显的差，以后的许多研究都有类似的发现。而且很多学者的研究都发现单纯从ＶＩＱ和ＰＩＱ的结果来看，三组精神分裂症病人（妄想型、其他型、衰退型）的智力缺损只存在量上的差异，然而通过标准的因子分分析却揭示了这三组病人的智力结构明显的不同，精神分裂症病人的言语理解能力受损很轻，即使是衰退型者也仍在正常范围之下项，但他们的…     

癫痫复杂部分性发作患者认知功能与海马质子磁共振波谱改变相关性分析

目的 探讨癫痫复杂部分性发作(CPS)患者认知功能损害的特点以及磁共振波谱(MRS)检查与认知功能的相关性.方法 对45例癫痫CPS患者和16例健康对照组进行临床记忆量表、瑞文标准推理测验的测评,~1H-MRS检测双侧海马,比较2组间2项测验分值及~1H-MRS结果,并对记忆商、智商与海马~1H-MRS结果进行相关性分析.结果 CPS组多项量表分值、记忆商、智商明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),CPS组N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)及NAA/[胆碱(Cho)+肌酸(Cr)]明显低于对照组,Cr、Cho明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).CPS组记忆商、智商与NAA浓度、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均呈正相关(P<0.05),与Cho浓度呈负相关(P<0.05),与Cr浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05).结论 CPS患者存在短时记忆功能障碍和抽象思维、判断推理能力的下降,其认知功能障碍与海马NAA、Cho浓度及NAA/(Cho+Cr)的相关性表明~1H-MRS检查可成为早期发现CPS患者认知功能情况的一项重要检查,其与神经心理学测验联合应用可早期、准确地发现CPS患者的认知功能障碍.     

PHENYLKETONURIA AND COMPLEX SPATIAL VISUALIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING

Recent neuropsychological studies have suggested that patients with early-treated phenylketonuria (PKU) and normal intelligence have a specific deficiency in solving complex spatial problems. In the present study a task involving the assembly of various shapes was used to compare the performance of 16 PKU patients and 11 sibling controls. Error rates generally were higher and response times slower among the PKU patients, but greater complexity did not produce differential changes in accuracy or speed in the PKU group compared to the controls. Correlations between task performance and IQ measures were significant for the PKU patients, but when IQ was controlled for the group differences vanished. The results suggest that choice of problem-solving strategy, attention span and accuracy of mental representation may be affected in PKU patients, despite efforts to maintain well-controlled phenylalanine concentrations in the blood.     

Neuropsychological changes in olivopontocerebellar atrophy

We used standardized neuropsychological measures of intellectual, cognitive, psychomotor, and emotional functioning to compare 39 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy and 25 normal controls of similar age. The patients reflected greater depression, anxiety, and subjective emotional discomfort than did the control subjects. While 4 of the patients had below-normal IQ scores (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS-R] Full-Scale IQ [FSIQ] less than 80), their clinical histories suggested lifelong functioning at such levels. As a group, the patients were not abnormal in general intellectual functioning and related cognitive abilities (WAIS-R FSIQ, mean [+/- SD], 93.46 +/- 13.19; Wechsler Memory Scale mental quotient, 108.95 +/- 17.43). These scores were lower than those of the normal controls (WAIS-R FSIQ, 113.72 +/- 12.68; mental quotient, 127.80 +/- 12.40); however, the controls were a highly educated group with intelligence levels that were higher than those of the average population. Moreover, when education and motor dysfunction were statistically covaried, no significant differences between the patients and the normal controls were apparent on the cognitive and intellectual tasks. Further analysis of specific memory performance in a subgroup of patients and controls matched for age, sex, and education yielded findings that were comparable with the overall group analysis. We conclude that motor dysfunction and depressed mood could leave patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy appearing to be impaired in memory, even demented, when they are not.     

帕金森氏病人头发,血清中微量元素含量的研究（附74例分析）

从１９８８年以来我们对７４例帕金森氏病人的头发和血清中微量元素含量研究并与５４例正常对照组对比，检测的结果发现ＰＤ病人头发铜、锌、铁、锰低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。病人血清铜、锌、锰也低于对照组。血清铜、锰含量随病情加重而递减，且有剂量效应关系。血清与头发相关性分析无相关关系（Ｐ＞０．０５）。其结果说明ＰＤ的发病原因与体内微量元素代谢缺陷可能有关系。     

吸毒者心理健康与T淋巴细胞亚群及促肾上腺皮质激素的相关性分析

目的　探讨吸毒人员心理健康与T淋巴细胞亚群 (CD3 、CD4/CD8)、促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH)的相关性。方法　采用心理评定量表 (SCL 90量表 ) ,对 30名戒毒治疗后 1～ 2个月人员和 2 0名健康对照组进行心理量表评定 ,并用流式细胞分析仪检测血液淋巴细胞亚群CD3 、CD4/CD8,放射免疫法检测血清ACTH。结果　戒毒人员SCL 90症状量表中多项因子评分及总分较对照组显著增高 ;血清ACTH含量两组比较有显著差异 ;(P <0 0 5 ) ;观察组淋巴细胞CD3 、CD4/CD8较对照组下降明显。典型相关分析显示ACTH、CD3 、CD4/CD8与SCL 90症状量表中多项因子评分密切相关 (r=- 0 6 35 5 6 0 ,P =0 0 0 30 )。结论　戒毒人群存在严重的心理健康紊乱 ,ACTH与CD4/CD8含量的改变对这种状态的存在和发展可能有一定联系。     

氢质子磁共振波谱对Alzheimer病神经生化改变的分析

目的研究Alzheimer病(Alzheimerdisease,AD)的氢质子磁共振波谱分析改变,并与认知正常的老年志愿者(normalcognition,NC)进行比较。方法对AD组21例及NC组20名被观察者行磁共振波谱分析,测定双侧海马、颞顶叶联合区的N乙酰天门冬氨酸(N acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)和肌醇(myo inositol,mI)与肌酸(creatine,Cr)的比值。采用SPSS11.5软件进行统计分析。结果AD组和NC组双侧海马和颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和左侧颞顶叶联合区的mI/Cr差异有显著性(P<0.05),双侧海马和颞顶叶联合区的Cho/Cr差异无显著性(P<0.05)。只有左侧海马的NAA/Cr水平下降与AD的严重程度呈正相关(r=0.470,P<0.05)。结论磁共振波谱分析可发现AD海马及颞顶联合区的NAA/Cr、mI/Cr改变,左侧海马NAA/Cr的减低可帮助评价AD的严重程度。     

Subtle brain abnormalities in children with sickle cell disease: relationship to blood hematocrit

Our objective was to test a hypothesis that subtle brain abnormality can be present in pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) patients who are clinically free of stroke. We prospectively compared 50 patients with 52 healthy age-similar controls, using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. A previously validated precise and accurate inversion-recovery method was used to measure T1 in a slice at the basal ganglia. We also used the Wechsler test to measure intelligence quotient (IQ) in a randomly selected subset of 27 patients. Brain T1 was significantly lower in patients in every gray matter structure evaluated but in none of the white matter structures. Regression suggests that T1 in caudate, nucleus pulvinares, and cerebral cortex was abnormal by age 4 years. Psychometric testing showed that 33% of patients were functioning in the range of mild mental deficiency (IQ, 50-70), compared with a published prevalence of 1.45% in inner-city black children. Thus, in our patients, SCD was associated with a 23-fold increase in the risk of mild mental deficiency. Full-scale IQ of SCD patients was a function of hematocrit (Hct), and when Hct was used to stratify patients, those with an Hct of less than 27% had significantly lower psychometric test scores, and significantly lower gray matter T1, than those with an Hct of 27 or more. Both cognitive deficits and subtle T1 abnormalities were associated with a low Hct, and both could be present when conventional magnetic resonance imaging findings were normal. Our findings suggest that chronic hypoxia of brain tissue can occur in SCD patients free of clinical stroke.     

精神分裂症患者前额叶和丘脑的质子磁共振波谱研究

Objective To identify the metabolite levels in prefrontal lobe and thalamus in patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Thirty-eighty schizophrenics and 38 normal controls were involved in this study. A multi-voxel 1H-MRS was given to all the subjects on prefrontal lobe and thalamus within 24 hours they got in hospital. The N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-congtaining compounds (Cho), and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/( Cho + Cr) were determined Results In left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratio in patients demonstrated lower than that in normal controls ( all P <0. 05). In left prefrontal lobe, the NAA/(Cho + Cr) ratio in patients showed lower than that in normal controls (0. 64 ±0. 13 vs. 0. 74±0. 22,t =2. 26, P<0. 05). Both in patients and in normal controls, there were no significant differences in NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho + Cr) between the two sides (all P >0. 05). Conclusious Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present in schizophrenics.There is no significantly lateralized asymmetry for metabolite levels such as NAA, Cho and Cr in either the schizophrenics or the controls.     

Associations between IQ and common mental disorders: The 2000 British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity

Background

Associations have been described between lower IQ and serious mental illness. Associations between common mental disorders (CMDs) and IQ have received little research. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between verbal IQ and CMD symptoms and diagnoses, and to investigate the role of potential mediating and confounding factors.

Method

Data were analysed from a British national survey with an analysed sample of 8054 people aged 16–74 years. Associations between verbal IQ (NART) and mental symptoms/disorders (CIS-R) were analysed with covariates including education, social class, income, debt, problem drinking, life events, physical health and relationship quality.

Results

CMD was associated with lower IQ. This association was stronger for depressive disorder/symptoms than for generalised anxiety disorder/symptoms. The most important covariates were education, social class, income and relationship quality.

Conclusion

The association between lower IQ and CMD is partly accounted for by adverse social/socioeconomic conditions. Stronger associations for depression than anxiety may indicate an effect of IQ on the way mental distress is communicated.     

Evidence of IQ-modulated association between ZNF804A gene polymorphism and cognitive function in schizophrenia patients

ZNF804A gene polymorphism rs1344706 has been suggested as the most compelling case of a candidate gene for schizophrenia by a genome-wide association study and several replication studies. The current study of 570 schizophrenia patients and 448 controls again found significantly different genotype frequencies of rs1344706 between patients and controls. More important, we found that this association was modulated by IQ, with a stronger association among individuals with relatively high IQ, which replicated results of Walters et al, 2010. We further examined whether this IQ-modulated association also existed between the SNP and the intermediate phenotypes (working memory and executive functions) of schizophrenia. Data were available from an N-back task (366 patients and 414 controls) and the attention network task (361 patients and 416 controls). We found that the SNP and IQ had significant interaction effects on the intermediate phenotypes for patients, but not for controls. The disease risk allele was associated with poorer cognitive function in patients with high IQ, but better cognitive function in patients with low IQ. Together, these results indicated that IQ may modulate the role of rs1344706 in the etiology of both schizophrenia and its cognitive impairments, and pointed to the necessity of considering general cognitive function as indexed by IQ in the future studies of genetic bases of schizophrenia.