应用异体巩膜治疗甲状腺相关眼病下睑退缩

目的 评估应用异体巩膜延长下睑缩肌矫正甲状腺相关眼病下睑退缩的临床疗效.方法 对15例(25眼)以下睑挛缩为主要表现的静止期甲状腺相关眼病患者,采取异体巩膜延长下睑缩肌术矫正退缩的下睑,并观察其临床疗效 .结果 术后患者自觉症状均不同程度减轻或消失,术后所有患者睑裂宽度与术前比差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后6月、1年随访无眼睑退缩复发.结论 异体巩膜下睑缩肌延长术能有效矫正甲状腺相关眼病下睑退缩.     

提上睑肌中央腱膜切断术治疗甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩

目的：评估提上睑肌中央腱膜切断术矫正甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩的临床疗效。方法：对35例52眼以上睑退缩为主要表现的静止期甲状腺相关眼病患者采用提上睑肌中央腱膜切断术矫正退缩的上睑,并观察其临床疗效。结果：术后所有患者上睑退缩均得以矫正,自觉症状不同程度减轻或消失。结论：提上睑肌中央腱膜切断术能有效矫正甲状腺相关眼病的中度上睑退缩。     

甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩手术治疗的效果分析

目的探讨Muller肌切除术、提上睑肌-Muller肌延长术、提上睑肌肌缘切开术矫正甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩的临床疗效。设计回顾性病例系列研究。研究对象60例（98眼）以上睑退缩为主要表现的静止期甲状腺相关眼病患者。方法将患者随机分为三组，其中组Ⅰ（32眼）采用Muller肌切除术、组Ⅱ（45眼）采用提上睑肌一Muller肌延长术、组Ⅲ（21眼）采用提上脸肌肌缘切开术矫正退缩的上睑。手术前、后及随访期测量患者的上睑退缩量。主要指标患者的上睑退缩量及自觉症状。结果术后所有患者自觉症状不同程度减轻或消失。其中79眼（80．6％）手术效果佳，19眼（19．4％）因欠矫或过矫等因素需要再次手术治疗。组Ⅰ中上睑退缩量为2—3mm的患者可达组内最佳矫正率（90．4％），组Ⅱ中上睑退缩量〉3mm的患者可达组内最佳矫正率（95％），组Ⅲ中上睑退缩量〈2mm的患者可达组内最佳矫正率（84．6％）。结论三种手术方法均能有效矫正甲状腺相关眼病的上睑退缩，但根据上睑退缩程度的不同，我们可针对性地选择不同术式。     

甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩20例的手术治疗

目的：探讨甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)的上睑退缩手术的适应证,手术方法与效果以及并发症的避免。方法：收集1998／2004,TAO伴随上睑退缩20例22眼,经保守治疗病情稳定6mo以上,用异体巩膜移植行提上睑肌后徙术。结果：术后随访0．5～6(平均4)a。效果优14眼(64％),良6眼(27％),一般1眼,差1眼。结论：保守治疗无效的TAO伴随上睑退缩,用异体巩膜移植提上睑肌后徙术效果很好．手术适应证是出现暴露性角膜伤害或要求美容。     

经皮肤Mller氏肌彻底切除矫正重度上睑退缩

上睑退缩是甲状腺相关眼病最常见的症状和体征 ,严重者可致暴露性角膜炎。经典的手术方法有经结膜M櫣ｌｌｅｒ氏肌切除、Ｍ櫣ｌｌｅｒ氏肌后徙术、提上睑肌延长术等〔1〕。经结膜M櫣ｌｌｅｒ氏肌切除仅能矫正 1～ 2mm轻度上睑退缩 ;后二者的手术矫正量预测性差 ,睑缘弧度也常常不理想。我们采用DavidT Tse的经皮肤M櫣ｌｌｅｒ氏肌彻底切除矫正重度上睑退缩 ,获得满意效果〔2〕。现介绍如下。一般资料 :2 0 0 1年 4月～ 2 0 0 2年 8月因单眼上睑退缩4mm以上的甲状腺相关眼病患者 ,甲状腺功能基本正常 ,即FT3 、FT4正常 ,TSH正常或略低 …     

同种异体巩膜下睑缩肌延长术治疗甲状腺相关眼病下睑挛缩

目的:评估同种异体巩膜下睑缩肌延长术矫正甲状腺相关眼病下睑挛缩的临床疗效。方法:对12例16眼以下睑挛缩为主要表现的静止期的甲状腺相关眼病患者,采用同种异体巩膜下睑缩肌延长术矫正挛缩的下睑,并观察其临床疗效。结果:术后所有患者睑裂高度均明显下降,自觉症状不同程度减轻或消失。术后普遍存在的并发症是眼睑肿胀,且持续时间长。结论:同种异体巩膜下睑缩肌延长术能有效矫正甲状腺相关眼病的中重度下睑挛缩。     

异体巩膜移植治疗上睑退缩手术探讨

上睑退缩常由内分泌疾患,眼睑手术或外伤等各种因素引起,严重的上睑退缩,由于患眼睑裂坛宽,造成双眼不对称,不仅影响美容,且使角结膜暴露,而产生一系列并发症。笔者从1988年起对7例7眼由于眼睑手术引起,或不明原因的上睑退缩。采用异体巩膜移植,达到延长提上睑肌,Muller氏肌的目的,而使上睑恢复到对称位置,术后随访2～3年,疗效满意,双眼对称,保持了眼睑正常外形和功能。材料:经过处理保存的同种异体健康巩膜     

眶脂肪切除联合提上睑肌延长术治疗甲状腺相关眼病

目的探讨眶脂肪切除联合提上睑肌延长术治疗甲状腺相关眼病的疗效。方法14例(21眼)经眼睑和结膜切口入路,切除肌肉圆锥内、外的脂肪联合提上睑肌延长术,达到降低眶压、减少眼球突出度和角膜暴露,改善容貌的目的。结果切除眶脂肪2.5～9.5ml,平均3.6ml,矫正眼球突出度2～6mm,平均3.0mm。提上睑肌延长5～10mm,平均7.6mm,矫正上睑退缩2.5～5mm,平均3.8mm。该治疗副作用少,不影响视力及眼球运动。结论眶脂肪切联合提上睑肌延长术可以缓解眼球突出和达到美容的效果,对保守治疗无效的甲状腺相关眼病是一种安全、有效,并发病少的治疗手段。     

甲状腺相关性眼病提上睑肌的MRI表现

目的 利用磁共振成像（MRI）观察甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）患者不同眼位下提上睑肌的形态变化,探讨上睑退缩或下落迟缓的可能原因。设计 前瞻性病例对照研究。研究对象TAO患者42例。方法 将TAO眼外肌病患者42例（84眼）按有无上睑退缩分为患眼组（A组）和非患眼组（B组）,并设正常对照组（C组）,在原在位、上视眼位、下视眼位观察沿肌肉走行各个位点的提上睑肌的截面积变化。主要指标 提上睑肌的截面积变化。结果  A、B组提上睑肌均较正常组明显增粗［A组 （3.08±0.20）mm,B组（2.60±0.20）mm, 正常组（1.41±0.06）mm］,且提上睑肌的厚度与上直肌厚度有显著相关性（r=0.995）。提上睑肌的收缩功能（患眼组仅占正常人的40%）和舒张功能（患眼组仅占正常人的60%）均较正常降低,且收缩功能以肌腹处降低最为明显（A组收缩率为0.21, 正常组为0.95）。 沿提上睑肌走行各位点收缩率曲线B组与正常组更接近,而舒张率曲线A、B两组近乎重合。结论 TAO眼睑异常患者的提上睑肌本身虽明显增粗,但其舒张和收缩功能却不同程度受损,而且收缩功能的受损程度可能直接决定是否出现眼睑退缩等临床表现。（眼科, 2014, 23： 326-331）     

甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩的治疗

目的：探讨甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩的治疗方法。方法：回顾分析临床资料完整的90例123眼甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩的治疗效果。治疗方法包括保守观察、全身和局部糖皮质激素治疗、局部肉毒杆菌毒素注射和手术治疗等。治疗后平均随访1．4年。结果：用全身和局部糖皮质激素治疗34例49眼中，上睑退缩完全消失4例6眼，明显改善13例20眼，无效17例23眼；局部肉毒杆菌毒素注射20例26眼中，上睑退缩完全消失8例9眼，明显改善9例11眼，无效3例6眼，持续时间6w至2年，注射后并发上睑下垂4例5眼；提上睑肌延长术11例15眼中，术后上睑退缩完全消失7例10眼，明显改善2例3眼，复发1例1眼，轻度过矫1例1眼；上睑退缩伴患眼下斜视15例15眼，行患眼下直肌后退术，其中术后上睑退缩完全消失14例14眼，明显改善1例1眼；10例18眼未作任何治疗，经平均2年随访观察发现2例4眼上睑退缩完全消失，1例2眼有明显改善。结论：甲状腺相关眼病上睑退缩宜采用综合治疗措施。发病初期或活动期病例用全身和局部糖皮质激素和局部注射肉毒杆菌毒素治疗效果好，静止期或保守治疗效果不好的患者宜行提上睑肌延长术治疗，伴有下斜视的患者行斜视矫正术可同时矫正斜视与上睑退缩。     

Antibodies against calsequestrin and type XIII collagen are good markers for chronic upper eyelid retraction

PURPOSE: Chronic upper eyelid retraction is a common manifestation of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) but can occur as a dominant feature of ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and in association with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in the absence of other eye signs except mild proptosis. METHODS: We measured antibodies against calsequestrin, flavoprotein (Fp), G2s, and collagen XIII in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 15 patients with chronic upper eyelid retraction. RESULTS: Calsequestrin antibodies were detected in 67% of patients with upper eyelid retraction, Fp antibodies in 47%, G2s antibodies in 20%, and collagen XIII antibodies were detected in 40% of these patients at the first visit. These prevalences were significantly greater than normal for calsequestrin and collagen XIII, but not for Fp and G2s antibodies. On follow-up, calsequestrin antibodies were detected in two more patients, for an overall prevalence of 80%. Levels of the four antibodies remained fairly constant over the study period and generally correlated with the presence and severity of upper eyelid signs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the notion that autoimmune attack against calsequestrin and collagen XIII in the levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) muscle may play a role in the pathogenesis of upper eyelid retraction and that lid retraction may be the dominant feature of ophthalmopathy in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and non-autoimmune thyroid disease. Because calsequestrin is an intracellular protein, the corresponding autoantibodies probably do not initiate LPS muscle inflammation but may contribute to its damage. The mix of antibodies against calsequestrin and collagen XIII may shed light on the diverse presentations found in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.     

同期手术矫正上睑内翻倒睫合并老年性上睑下垂

目的：评价同期手术治疗上睑内翻合并老年性上睑下垂的手术效果。
　　方法：将2010-06/2013-06明确诊断为上睑内翻合并腱膜性上睑下垂的患者30例60眼同期行上睑内翻倒睫矫正合并提上睑肌缩短合并前徙术,观察手术后效果。
　　结果：术中全部矫正良好,分别于1 wk;1,6 mo对参选患者内翻及倒睫矫正情况及上睑遮盖上方角膜缘程度进行观察。上睑内翻倒睫得到完全矫正。上睑遮盖上方角膜缘垂直距离术后1wk 为1.68±0.71mm,1mo 为1.71±0.69mm,6mo为1.70±0.65mm,均较术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后无暴露性角膜炎,无过矫发生。
　　结论：多数患有上睑内翻倒睫的老年人同时合并有老年性上睑下垂,眼科医生应该重视上述两种病变的合并存在,并同时矫正。同期行上睑内翻矫正合并提上睑肌缩短的方法治疗上睑内翻倒睫合并老年性上睑下垂,可取得满意疗效。     

Anterior lamellar recession for management of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion and associated eyelid abnormalities

AIM: To evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of upper eyelid cicatricial entropion (UCE) correction using anterior lamellar recession (ALR) with addressing the associated conditions including dermatochalasis, brow ptosis, blepharoptosis, and lid retraction. METHODS: Chart review of patients with upper lid cicatricial entropion who had undergone ALR from 2013 to 2016 was reviewed. Success was defined as the lack of any lash in contact with the globe, no need for a second procedure, and acceptable cosmesis at the final follow up. RESULTS: Sixty eight patients (97 eyelids) were operated by ALR with simultaneous correction of associated lid problems in each case when necessary. The mean follow-up time was 17.8mo (range, 6.0-24.0mo). Concomitantly, levator tucking was performed in 19 eyelids (19.6%), upper lid retractor recession in 18 eyelids (18.6%), and internal browpexy in 31 eyelids (32.0%). In 95.8% of patients (95%CI: 0.85-0.96), satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome was achieved with a single surgical procedure. CONCLUSION: Based on the principles of lamellar recession and concurrently addressing the associated lid problems, this approach is an effective and safe treatment of UCE.     

Levator aponeurosis disinsertion in congenital entropion of the upper eyelid.

PURPOSE: To present a patient with congenital entropion of the upper eyelid caused by levator aponeurosis disinsertion. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: Surgical correction of the levator aponeurosis disinsertion corrected the upper eyelid entropion. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital upper eyelid entropion may be caused by levator aponeurosis disinsertion and treated effectively by repairing the anatomic defect.     

异体巩膜植入联合“Z”形皮瓣治疗陈旧性外伤性下睑退缩

目的探讨异体巩膜植入联合“Z”形皮瓣治疗陈旧性外伤性下睑退缩的临床疗效。方法伤后5—14个月用异体巩膜植入联合“Z”形皮瓣治疗12例（12眼）陈旧性外伤性下睑退缩,术后自静脉及滴眼途径给予抗感染抗炎治疗。结果术后随访8—12个月,9眼单次手术后获得良好的外观和功能恢复,1眼经2次手术后获得满意的外观和功能,另2眼（16．67％）单次手术后效果不佳但未再手术治疗。结论异体巩膜植入联合“Z”形皮瓣是治疗陈旧性外伤性下睑退缩的一种有效方法。     

Lower eyelid full-thickness vertical lengthening.

Two cases of lower eyelid retraction caused by loss of full-thickness eyelid components were successfully treated with a tarsal-confunctival flap and skin graft procedure. One patient also had upper eyelid retraction, which was decreased by excising Müller's muscle and recessing the levator aponeurosis simultaneously with the lower eyelid surgery.     

Quantitative comparison between upper eyelid retraction induced voluntarily and by Graves orbitopathy

PURPOSE: To compare 2-dimensional palpebral fissure measurements of normal subjects with voluntary upper eyelid retraction and patients with Graves upper eyelid retraction. METHODS: Three groups of monocular palpebral fissure images were measured. Group 1 consisted of 32 images of healthy subjects with the upper eyelid in a normal position of rest. Group 2 included the same subjects with voluntary upper eyelid retraction. Group 3 included 45 images of patients with Graves upper eyelid retraction. Fissure images were acquired with a digital camera and transferred to a Macintosh computer. For all images, three variables were quantified with NIH Image software: the midpupil-to-upper eyelid margin distance and the nasal and temporal upper areas of the palpebral fissure. RESULTS: Voluntary upper eyelid retraction significantly increases the absolute difference between the temporal and nasal areas of normal subjects. The disproportion between the lateral and medial areas of the palpebral fissure was greater for the patients with Graves than for the control group with voluntary eyelid retraction, even though there was no difference between the midpupil-to-upper eyelid margin distance of these two groups. Overall, there was a positive correlation between the midpupil-to-upper eyelid margin distance and absolute difference between the temporal and nasal areas (r = 0.75, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In normal subjects, voluntary upper eyelid retraction increases the disproportion between the lateral and medial aspects of the fissure. However, even for the same amount of eyelid elevation, the mean disproportion of the control group with voluntary eyelid retraction is smaller than the disproportion displayed by patients with Graves. These findings suggest that an enhanced lateral retraction is a normal finding associated with levator muscle contraction.