The modified Ludloff osteotomy for correction of severe metatarsus primus varus with hallux valgus deformity

AIM: The present study investigates the clinical and radiological mid-term results of the modified Ludloff osteotomy, a proximal metatarsal osteotomy for surgical correction of severe metatarsus primus varus with hallux valgus deformity. METHOD: 70 feet in 67 patients from 25 to 78 years (average age 56 years) were included in this prospective study. The patients were evaluated with the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal score, which was used preoperatively and at an average follow-up of 37 +/- 6 months. Weight-bearing foot radiographs were analysed according to AOFAS guidelines and statistical evaluation was made with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The average AOFAS score improved significantly (p < 0.0001) from 55.2 +/- 15.2 points preoperatively to 86.6 +/- 15.2 points at follow-up. Preoperatively, all patients complained of pain (20.2 +/- 9.6 points) which had improved significantly (p < 0.0001) at the latest follow-up (37.3 +/- 5.7 points). The average hallux valgus angle (HVA) was 37 +/- 8 degrees preoperatively and improved significantly to 12 +/- 11 degrees at follow-up (p = 0.0001). The intermetatarsal angle (IMA) improved significantly from 18 +/- 2 degrees preoperatively to 8 degrees +/- 4 degrees after 37 +/- 6 months (p = 0.0002). The sesamoid position improved significantly from preoperative to follow-up (p = 0.0003). Radiographic evaluation of the patients indicated that all examined osteotomies had healed after 37 +/- 6 months. CONCLUSION: This prospective investigation at intermediate follow-up using currently available outcome measures suggests that the Ludloff osteotomy is a suitable procedure for the surgical correction of severe metatarsus primus varus (IMA > 15 degrees ) with hallux valgus deformity.     

改良Ludloff截骨术治疗严重Mu外翻

目的总结改良Ludloff截骨术治疗严重(足母)外翻的疗效.方法自1999年3月～2000年12月,采用改良Ludloff截骨术结合其它手术治疗严重(足母)外翻患者56例(63足).男3例(3足),女53例(60足);年龄16～65岁,平均46岁.选择第一、二跖骨间夹角大于16°的严重(足母)外翻患者行改良Ludloff截骨术,4足加行Reverdin截骨,3足加行Akin截骨.随访时间6～18个月,平均10个月,所有患者均拍摄患足负重位X线片并测量,采用美国足踝外科协会Maryland评分标准对疗效进行评定,与目前临床常用截骨方法进行比较,对改良Ludloff截骨术优缺点进行分析.结果术后无不愈合或迟缓愈合,无感染.Maryland(足母)跖趾关节评分90～100分者41足(65%),80～89分者17足(27%),70～79分者5足(8%),优良率为92%.结论改良Ludloff截骨术具有跖骨短缩少、愈合快、纠正畸形能力强、坚固内固定可使患者早期下地活动等优点,是治疗第一、二跖骨间夹角大于16°且无跖趾关节骨性关节炎的严重(足母)外翻的一种较理想的手术方法.     

Ludloff截骨和基底斜楔形截骨治疗中重度拇外翻的结果比较

目的比较Ludloff截骨和跖骨基底斜楔形截骨治疗中、重度拇外翻的近期临床结果。方法 2008年7月至2009年2月,对21例中、重度拇外翻患者（男2例,女19例）29足实行拇外翻矫形手术。Ludloff截骨术7例（11足）,基底楔形截骨14例（18足）。采用AOFAS评分对患足进行临床功能评价,同时拍负重位的正侧位X线片进行影像学评价。随访结果使用SPSS10.0统计软件包进行处理。结果随访时间5～13个月。最后一次随访时,23足基本无痛（Ludloff截骨9例,基底斜楔形截骨14例）,6足偶有疼痛或轻微疼痛（Ludloff截骨2例,基底斜楔形截骨4例）。有两足拇外翻纠正欠佳（基底斜楔形截骨）,但无疼痛症状。18人,26足基本恢复正常活动。3人,3足（其中1人为双侧,但只有1足有症状,Ludloff截骨术1例,基底截骨术2例）在长距离或长时间行走时出现疼痛。术后AOFAS评分平均为83分（58～92分）。患者自我感觉良好的有17人,24足（Ludloff截骨术10例,基底截骨14例）;感觉较好的2人,3足;感觉一般的2人,2足（Ludloff截骨术1例,基底截骨1例）。对外形满意的19人,26足（Ludloff截骨术10例,基底截骨16例）;一般的1人,1足（Ludloff截骨术）;不满意的1人,1足（基底截骨术）。结论两种手术方式都是治疗中、重度拇外翻可靠有效的方法,但最终的临床结果没有显著不同。     

Ludloff截骨治疗拇外翻疗效观察

<正>2010年1月~2013年8月,我科收治36例中、重度拇外翻患者,均采用Ludloff截骨配合软组织手术,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组36例,男2例,女34例,年龄40~65岁。术前X线检查:拇外翻角25.8°~38.6°,第1、2跖骨间夹角15°~21.5°。跖趾关节无退行性改变。内侧跖楔关节无明显的不稳定。1.2治疗方法采用踝神经阻滞麻醉。于第1、2跖骨头趾蹼背面近侧2~3 cm     

改良Ludloff截骨术治疗严重外翻

目的总结改良Ludloff截骨术治疗严重外翻的疗效。方法自1999年3月～2000年12月,采用改良Ludloff截骨术结合其它手术治疗严重外翻患者56例(63足)。男3例(3足),女53例(60足);年龄16～65岁,平均46岁。选择第一、二跖骨间夹角大于16°的严重外翻患者行改良Ludloff截骨术,4足加行Reverdin截骨,3足加行Akin截骨。随访时间6～18个月,平均10个月,所有患者均拍摄患足负重位X线片并测量,采用美国足踝外科协会Maryland评分标准对疗效进行评定,与目前临床常用截骨方法进行比较,对改良Ludloff截骨术优缺点进行分析。结果术后无不愈合或迟缓愈合,无感染。Maryland跖趾关节评分90～100分者41足(65%),80～89分者17足(27%),70～79分者5足(8%),优良率为92%。结论改良Ludloff截骨术具有跖骨短缩少、愈合快、纠正畸形能力强、坚固内固定可使患者早期下地活动等优点,是治疗第一、二跖骨间夹角大于16°且无跖趾关节骨性关节炎的严重外翻的一种较理想的手术方法。     

The Ludloff osteotomy: a review of current concepts

The Ludloff osteotomy is a technique option to address hallux valgus in patients with a moderately to significantly increased first-second intermetatarsal angle. The Ludloff osteotomy is an oblique osteotomy of the first metatarsal extending dorsal-proximal to plantar-distal when viewed in the sagittal plane. The dorsal-proximal portion of the metatarsal is cut with the saw while maintaining the plantar-distal surface intact. A screw is inserted across the proximal aspect of the osteotomy, then the osteotomy is extended across the plantar surface distally. The metatarsal is rotated around the axis of the screw to the desired correction. In order to perform the osteotomy correctly, the surgeon must not only effectively complete the nuances of the technique, but also understand the limitations and contraindications of the Ludloff osteotomy. This review of current concepts for the Ludloff osteotomy reviews recent literature as well as technique pearls and pitfalls in the application of this powerful osteotomy.     

改良Ludloff截骨术的几何形态学基础及其临床应用

目的 探讨Ludloff截骨术治疗母外翻后出现跖骨短缩、抬高及远端旋转的解决方案.方法 30例正常足,摄足部正侧位X线片,测量第一跖骨的长度及矢状面截骨角.计算在不同截骨条件下跖骨的抬高、短缩及旋前的理论值.根据该理论值,设计Ludloff截骨术的手术方案治疗??外翻.18例23足??外翻患者,如第一跖骨头内旋<3°,行单纯Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度为3°~6°,需行有冠状面截骨角的Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度>6°,行基底在外侧的楔形截骨;其中8足同时行第一跖骨远端截骨术以矫正跖骨远端关节角.采用??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表及二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表(AOFAS)进行疗效评定.结果 正常足第一跖骨的长度为4.60~6.90cm,平均(6.09±0.43)cm;矢状面截骨角为20.7°~31.3°,平均25.58°±2.73°.18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均18个月.??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分18足(78%),80~89分3足(13%),70~79分足2例(9%),评分平均增加36分(术前56分,术后92分);二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分5足(22%),80~89分7足(30%),70~79分11足(48%),评分平均增加21分(术前59分,术后80分).结论 根据??外翻患者第一跖骨头不同的内旋角度,选取有冠状面截骨角或有基底在外侧的楔形截骨的Ludloff截骨术,可取得较理想的临床疗效.     

Ludloff截骨治疗中重度拇外翻的临床疗效观察

目的研究Ludloff截骨术对中、重度拇外翻的治疗效果。方法 2007年9月至2008年10月对26例（34足）中、重度拇外翻患者使用Ludloff截骨配合远端软组织手术进行矫形手术治疗,截骨使用螺钉固定。男4例,女22例,年龄48～67岁,平均58岁。术后采用AOFAS评分对患足进行临床功能评价,同时拍负重位足的正侧位X线片进行影像学评价,比较术后AOFAS评分及跖拇角和第一二跖间角的变化,了解患者的满意程度。结果平均随访时间25个月（19～36个月）。在最后一次随访时,31足基本无痛,3足偶有疼痛或轻微疼痛。患者对拇外翻畸形纠正满意。AOFAS评分为从术前的51分（27～65分）提高到术后的88分（72～96分）,HVA从术前的31°（21°～42°）改善为10.3°（7°～15°）,IMA从术前的17°（16°～23°）改善为术后的7.8°（6°～10°）。23例（31足）患者对治疗效果满意,3例（3足）比较满意。所有患者均对外形满意。没有严重的并发症出现。结论 Ludloff截骨术是治疗中重度拇外翻可靠有效的方法。     

Clinical results with the Ludloff osteotomy for correction of adult hallux valgus

BACKGROUND: Biomechanically, the Ludloff osteotomy fixed with lag screw compression has been shown to be more rigid than proximal crescentic and other proximal first metatarsal osteotomies for correction of symptomatic hallux valgus with a moderate to severe increase in the first intermetatarsal angle. The Ludloff osteotomy may, therefore, have a lower incidence of dorsal malunion and transfer metatarsalgia than other proximal first metatarsal osteotomies, such as the crescentic or chevron. METHODS: We reviewed the results of 82 consecutive cases of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformities corrected with the Ludloff oblique metaphyseal-diaphyseal osteotomy of the first metatarsal combined with a distal soft-tissue procedure and medial eminence resection. RESULTS: Follow-up was possible in 70 cases (85%) at an average of 30 months (range, 18 to 42 months). Preoperatively, the mean hallux valgus and first intermetatarsal angles were 31 degrees and 16 degrees, respectively. Postoperatively, these values improved to an average of 11 degrees and 7 degrees. In the sagittal plane, the first metatarsal was plantarflexed by an average of 1 mm, and there were no symptomatic transfer lesions of the second metatarsal. The mean AOFAS hindfoot score improved from 54 to 91 points. Complications included prominent hardware requiring removal (5), hallux varus (4), delayed union (3), superficial infection (3), and neuralgia (3). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Ludloff oblique first metatarsal osteotomy resulted in excellent correction of the first intermetatarsal angle in patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus. With the plane of the osteotomy and rigidity of fixation, immediate ambulation was possible with minimal risk of dorsiflexion malunion of the first metatarsal.     

The Ludloff metatarsal osteotomy: guidelines for optimal correction based on a geometric analysis conducted on a sawbone model

Ideally, osteotomy for hallux valgus deformities corrects varus angle and pronation, while minimizing elevation, depression, and shortening. We used a serial linkage tracking device to evaluate five variations of the Ludloff osteotomy, a stable proximal metatarsal osteotomy that incorporates an oblique dorsal to plantar cut and a lateral swing or pivoting correction of the dorsal fragment. A neutral osteotomy (perpendicular to the sagittal plane) yielded the greatest correction (14 degrees) but with shortening (average, 2.85 mm), elevation (average, 1.36 mm), and additional pronation (average, 1.88 degrees). The same osteotomy angled 10 degrees plantarly with 8 degrees of correction produced an average of 1.57 degrees of supination, 1.22 mm of depression and, 0.54 mm of shortening. Additional plantar inclination (20 degrees) and angular correction (16 degrees) yielded increased depression, supination, and shortening. The current findings provide guidelines to achieve the desired correction and rotation and suggest that optimal results can be obtained by performing this osteotomy angled 10 degrees plantarly with a correction of 8 degrees to 16 degrees.     

Ludloff截骨+跖趾关节置换治疗重度拇外翻的临床研究

目的 探讨Ludloff截骨+跖趾关节置换治疗伴有跖趾关节骨性关节病的重度拇外翻的临床效果.方法 选取首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院2013年4月-2015年8月的病例,共120例,术前通过足部负重正位片,测量踇外翻角、跖骨间角、近端关节面固有角,并进行Maryland评分评价患者足部情况,组间进行t检验,两组间术前资料差异无统计学意义,具有可比性.两组诊断均是伴有跖趾关节骨性关节病的重度拇外翻患者进行研究,按照入院顺序随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各60足.试验组采用Ludloff截骨+跖趾关节置换治疗,对照组采取Ludloff截骨+Akin截骨的手术方法治疗.采用视觉模拟评分量表评价患者的疼痛,采用生活质量核心量表以及Maryland足功能评分对两组患者手术前后的疼痛、跖趾关节活动、外观及稳定情况、日常生活质量及体育活动情况,进行统计分析,组间比较采用t检验,手术前后比较采用配对t检验,采用Fisher确切概率法分析两组间并发症的差异.结果 试验组总优良率(91.7％)高于对照组的总优良率(75.0％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);试验组不良反应发病率(1.7％)低于对照组不良反应发病率(8.3％),但是差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);试验组治疗后生活质量各维度评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后试验组的VAS疼痛评分(1.61±0.12)明显低于术后对照组(3.68±0.58),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 采用Ludloff截骨+跖趾关节置换治疗伴有跖趾关节骨性关节病的重度拇外翻的临床效果较好、安全性强、创伤小、患者恢复快,有一定的推广和使用价值.     

A computer model for evaluating the osteotomy parameters of Chiari pelvic osteotomy

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the various osteotomy parameters on the biomechanical aspects of the hip joint on a computerised model. The data of the radiographs and a three-dimensional (3D) CT scan of six patients with coverage deficient hip joint were used to construct a 3D computer model. Then Chiari type osteotomies were simulated using various heights, angles and fibrocartilage thicknesses. A new angle called the mid acetabular center edge (MACE) angle was defined in a mid coronal CT cut. The optimum displacement for obtaining the maximum coverage averaged 73%. The angle and height of the osteotomy had a significant effect on the MACE angle (P value < 0.01). Our findings of these Chiari parameters may change the results of the osteotomy. The probability of adapting the proximal osteotomy segment to a deformed femoral head was explained by the model and a modified osteotomy “multiple height osteotomy” was proposed.     

Three-dimensional gait analysis of adults with hip dysplasia after rotational acetabular osteotomy

Dysplasia of the hip, the most common cause of secondary coxarthrosis, has a relatively high prevalence in Japan. Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an interventional strategy that seeks to reduce the abnormal amount of high stress concentration in the acetabulum and thereby to prevent the development of coxarthrosis. Long-term clinical results have been reported, but functional evaluations of the gait before and after RAO are underreported. The aim of our recently initiated long-term prospective study is to assess the effect of RAO on the gait characteristics of patients using quantitative gait analysis. Thus far 22 patients (1 male, 21 females; mean age 30 years, range 15–43 years) have been enrolled, treated, and completed the preoperative and postoperative gait analyses. Hip pain during walking decreased in all patients after the RAO. The postoperative hip extension motion angle on the treated side increased significantly and correlated positively with the improvement in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) pain score. The current study shows that coxalgia and gait function improved after RAO.