阿勒泰地区92例汉族与哈萨克族高粘血症患者全血粘度与红细胞刚性指数的测定分析

目的 :了解汉族与哈萨克族高粘血症患者在切变率 80s- 1 条件下 ,全血粘度 ( ηb)及间接法测定的红细胞刚性指数 (TK)情况。方法 :用锥板式血液粘度仪测定全血粘度及间接法测定红细胞刚性指数。结果 :汉族ηb及TK显著高于哈萨克族。结论 :汉族与哈萨克族高粘血症患者ηb的升高与TK的升高有重要关系。生活习惯的重大差异可能是导致二个民族间差异的不可忽视的因素。     

浅低温对人工关节置换术患者血液流变学的影响

目的 研究浅低温对人工关节置换术患者血液流变学的影响。方法 选择人工关节置换术患者56例，随机分为两组：降温组和常温组。降温组采用物理方法使其鼻咽温度降至33—35℃，常温组保持鼻咽温度在36—37℃。测定下列血液流变学指标：红细胞比容(HCT)、全血还原黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果 降温组全血还原黏度明显升高，其它指标和常温组所测各指标则无显著性变化。结论 浅低温可引起血液黏度增高，有利于深静脉血栓形成。     

血液回收对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者红细胞和血液粘度的影响

目的观察血液回收技术对非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者红细胞、血小板和血液粘度的影响。方法2005年8月~2007年10月间,共完成46例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,随机分为实验组(血液回收组)和对照组(不使用血液回收机组),每组23例。观察两组用血液制品的数量和术后24h的引流量,比较两组术前和术后24h的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板计数、低切全血粘度和高切全血粘度。结果实验组用浓缩红细胞和血浆的量明显少于对照组,两组术后24h引流量、术前和术后24h的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板计数、低切全血粘度和高切全血粘度之间的差异无显著性意义。结论血液回收技术在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植患者中能减少输血,对红细胞、血小板和血液粘度无不利影响。     

Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症对血液粘度及血脂的影响

以２１例Ⅱ期高血压患者、２１例Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者及２０例正常人为研究对象，以全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积及血浆甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白为指标；结果表明Ⅱ期高血压病患者全血比粘度、全血还原比粘度较正常人高，Ⅱ期高血压病高胰岛素血症患者亦较单纯高血压病患者进一步增高，同时其血浆甘油三酯较单纯高血压病患者增高，高密度脂蛋白降低．而血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、总胆固醇三组间无显著性差异。单纯高血压病患者与正常人组比较血脂无差异。因而认为高血压病患者的高胰岛素血症可使高血压病患者增高的血粘度进一步增高，且血粘度的增高主要是红细胞机能、代谢的改变所致。单纯高血压病患者血脂改变不明显，高血压病患者血脂的改变主要是由高胰岛素血症所致。     

精神分裂症患者治疗前后血液流变学变化

目的 了解精神分裂症患者血液流变学性质。方法 测定患者治疗前后的血液流变学指标。结果 患者治疗后全血高切粘度、全血低切粘度、血浆比粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、血液还原粘度、纤维蛋白原．较治疗前显著降低。结论 精神分裂症患者治疗前存在高粘血症,推测可能与病因有关。     

磁性远红外寝具对高粘滞血症患者血液流变学的影响

目的:观察磁性远红外寝具对高粘滞血症患者血液流变学的影响.方法:60例高粘滞血症患者,按随机数字表法分为实验组30例和对照组30例.实验组每晚(6～8小时)均使用磁性远红外寝具,连续2个月.对照组用普通寝具.两组均于实验前后取全血,测定血液流变学的各项指标.结果:实验组实验后的血浆粘度以及在高切变率(200s-1)、中切变率(100s-1,30 s-1)及低切变率(3 s-1)下的全血粘度,均较实验前明显下降,差异具有显著性或非常显著性(分别为t=5.4169及2.7462、2.6429、2.5538、3.6177,p＜0.05或p＜0.01):血沉、血沉方程k值、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、红细胞电泳时间及血浆纤维蛋白原等项指标,亦分别较实验前明显下降、缩短及减少,差异显著或非常显著(分别为t=2.654.2.7119、2.3717、2.3006、3.1477、5.1827,p＜0.05或p＜0.01),对照组实验后以上各项指标较实验前均无明显变化,差异均无显著性(p＞0.05).结论:磁性远红外寝具有降低血液粘度,改善血液流变特性的作用.     

血液稀释疗法与光量子处理对血液流变学的影响

我们用血液稀释疗法与光量子处理结合治疗 30例高粘血症患者一疗程,对比治疗前后的血液流变学变化.结果显示: 治疗后血浆粘度、全血高切粘度及血沉下降,全血低切粘度显著下降.红细胞压积下降明显.现报告如下:     

48例Binswanger病血液流变学分析

本文调查了48例Binswanger病血液流变学10项指标，并与44例正常老年人及47例脑梗塞患者作对照。结果表明；（1）Binswanger病组全血粘度、血浆高切粘度、血沉、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、血沉方程K值、全血还原粘度显著高于正常对照组（P＜0．001）；全血粘度、血浆高切粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞刚性指数、全血还原粘度与脑梗塞组相似。（2）Binswanger病组红细胞变形指数明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．001），但显著高于脑梗塞组（P＜0．01）。结论：Binswanger病患者血液流变学处于一种高粘状态。     

ILLLI对脑血管病合并高粘血症血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨低强度激光血管内照射（ILLLI）治疗对脑血管病高粘血症血液流变学的影响。材料与方法：用ILLLI治疗脑血管病高粘血症患者60例，治疗前和疗程结束后，进行血液流变学指标测定。结果：脑血管病高粘血症患者经ILLLI治疗后，其全血比粘度，血浆比粘度，红细胞电泳，纤维蛋白元，血沉，红细胞刚性指数都有显著下降结论：ILLLI能改善血液流变学性质。     

血浆内皮素在高粘血症中的临床意义

目的 :探讨血浆内皮素 (ET)与高粘血症的关系。方法 :对 136例高粘血症临床症状者与 78例正常人组 ,采晨空腹静脉血 ,用放射免疫分析测定血浆ET的含量 ,对结果进行处理。同时 ,在 136例高粘血症中随机抽取 5 8例 ,经抗粘治疗 2月后 ,再检测全血粘度及血浆ET ,与治疗前配对比较。结果 :高粘血症组血浆ET水平高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;经抗粘治疗 2月后全血粘度与血浆ET的含量同时下降 ,之间呈正相关 (r =0 .84 86。治疗后血浆ET的含量明显低于治疗前 (P <0 .0 1)。血浆ET的阳性率由治疗前的 6 0 3%降到治疗后 12 1% ,受检者的临床症状也明显减轻或消失。结论 :高粘血症组血浆中的ET浓度明显升高 ;高粘血症与ET之间呈正相关。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.