云南省景洪市蚊虫分布特点及与虫媒病毒的关系

的：掌握蚊虫分布特点及其在虫媒病毒传播中的作用。方法：捕获蚊虫，分离病毒。结果：１９８１、１９８２、１９８６和１９８８年在景洪市采获成年雌性蚊虫３１种２２８２３只。白天在野外竹林采获蚊虫１７种，优势蚊种为圆斑伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊和白纹伊蚊；夜间在农村畜圈及其周围采获蚊虫１９种，优势蚊种为棕头库蚊、三带喙库蚊、迷走按蚊。从采获的７种蚊虫体内分离到流行性乙型脑炎病毒１０株，基孔肯雅病毒３株，登革热病毒１株。其中从白纹伊蚊分离到３株病毒（２株基孔肯雅病毒、１株登革热病毒），从三带喙库蚊分离到５株病毒（４株流行性乙型脑炎病毒，１株基孔肯雅病毒）。结论：白纹伊蚊是当地基孔肯雅和登革热病毒的主要传播媒介，三带喙库蚊是流行性乙型脑炎病毒的主要传播媒介     

云南白纹伊蚊感染,传播登革和乙型脑炎病毒的研究

云南株白纹伊蚊通过吸食含病毒的血餐或叮吸有病毒血症的小鸡血，能感染登革和乙型脑炎病毒，并能在蚊体内增殖。感染蚊经叮咬吸血，能将这两种病毒传播给乳鼠或小鸡。雌蚊感染后第10天，对乳鼠的传播率登革1、2、3、4型和乙型脑炎依次为22．22％、37．50％、25．00％、44．44％和37．50％；对小鸡的传播率登革4型和乙型脑炎分别为100％和66．67％。实验结果表明，白纹伊蚊在登革和乙型脑炎病毒保存和传播中起重要作用。     

云南省边境地区蚊虫自然感染乙型脑炎病毒的研究

目的：阐明蚊虫自然感染乙型脑炎病毒情况，评价各蚊种的媒介地位。方法：夜间在农村人房、畜圈，白天在野外竹林捕蚊，用细胞和小白鼠法分离病毒。结果：在云南省15个边界县市采获6属45种92748只雄蚊，从13种蚊虫体内分离出乙型脑炎病毒42株。其中从三带喙库蚊分离到15株，霜背库蚊5株，伪杂鳞库蚊、中华按蚊各4株，刺扰伊蚊3株，棕头库蚊、白纹伊蚊、窄翅伊蚊各2株，雪背库蚊、环带库蚊、迷走按蚊、阿萨姆伊蚊和常型曼蚊各1株。结论：三带喙库蚊是该地区本病的主要传播媒介，霜背库蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊、刺扰伊蚊和白纹伊蚊亦为重要媒介。具有夜间以库蚊为主，白天以伊蚊为主的传播特点。     

云南省耿马县孟定镇蚊虫及虫媒病毒调查

目的 :调查蚊虫种类及其带病毒情况。方法 :用吸蚊管和人诱法捕蚊 ,用C6 / 36细胞和乳鼠分离病毒 ,用血清学方法检测人血清中病毒抗体。结果 :1985年 7～ 8月捕获雌性成蚊 6属32种 94 10只 ,三带喙库蚊、棕头库蚊、中华按蚊、迷走按蚊是农村畜厩主要蚊种 ,白纹伊蚊是竹林区优势蚊种。从阿萨姆伊蚊中分离出 1株乙脑病毒。当地人血清中乙脑、登革、基孔肯雅和肾综合征出血热 (HFRS)病毒抗体阳性率依次为 39.6 8% (77/ 194 )、13.73% (14/ 10 2 )、2 0 .10 % (39/ 194 )和 0 .57% (1/ 94 )。结论 :云南耿马县孟定镇存在乙脑和其它虫媒病毒病     

云南省蚊虫分布特点及自然感染乙型脑炎病毒的研究

目的分析云南省蚊虫分布特点及其与流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）等虫媒病毒的关系,为防制提供依据。方法在云南省农村居民区住房、畜圈和野外竹林等生境捕蚊。结果采获成年雌蚊10属88种158909只,以库蚊、按蚊和伊蚊属蚊虫数量最多,分别占56．66％、25．35％和13．88％。在捕蚊总数中,居民区夜间捕获成蚊7属63种132081只,其中三带喙库蚊的构成比最高（42．12％）;其次为中华按蚊（23．31％）;野外白天捕获成蚊5属48种26828只,白纹伊蚊构成比最高（31．89％）,其次为圆斑伊蚊（20．21％）。对8属29种3957批131538只雌性成蚊进行病毒分离,结果从5属17种蚊虫体内分离到乙脑病毒81株,以库蚊分离出的毒株最多（59株）,占72．84％;其次为按蚊8株（9．88％）和伊蚊9株（占11．11％）;曼蚊和阿蚊均为2株（各占2．47％）。分离到乙脑病毒最多的蚊种为三带喙库蚊（27株）,占分离毒株总数的33．33％。结论居民区夜间活动蚊虫群落的优势种为三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊、棕头库蚊、霜背库蚊、伪杂鳞库蚊和迷走按蚊;野外白天活动蚊虫群落的优势种为白纹伊蚊、伪白纹伊蚊、圆斑伊蚊、骚扰阿蚊和刺扰伊蚊。三带喙库蚊和白纹伊蚊分别是云南省乙脑和登革热的丰要传播媒介。     

福建株白纹伊蚊经口感染登革2型病毒研究

目的 探讨福建株白纹伊蚊对登革2型病毒的易感性。方法 用C6/36细胞培养登革2型病毒,白纹伊蚊人工经口感染病毒混合液,14 d后分别用间接免疫荧光和RT PCR检测蚊体内的登革2型病毒。结果 用间接免疫荧光检测感染登革2型病毒的白纹伊蚊,福建株白纹伊蚊感染率为44.6%（25/56）,头部感染率为32.1%（18/56）;用RT-PCR方法扩增出511 bp片段,感染率为53.9%（14/26）。结论 福建株白纹伊蚊对登革2型病毒易感。     

防蚊灭蚊宣传知识要点

正蚊子可传播哪些传染病?蚊子可传播疟疾、流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)、黄热病、登革热、基孔肯雅热、寨卡病毒病等多种疾病,其中寨卡病毒病主要是由埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播。埃及伊蚊分布于我国海南省,台湾南部,广东省雷州半岛,云南省西双版纳州、德宏州及临沧市等地区;白纹伊蚊分布于北至辽宁省沈阳市、大连市,西至陕西省陇县和宝鸡市,     

云南三带喙库蚊分布特点及自然感染乙型脑炎病毒的调查

目的：研究三带喙库蚊的分布特点及乙型脑炎病毒的感染率。方法：在农村畜圈和人房捕蚊，用Ｃ６／３６细胞和小白鼠法分离病毒。结果：采获成年雌蚊３５种７０１６７只，其中三带喙库蚊２０４６４只，构成比为２９１６％，季节高峰是７～９月。从三带喙库蚊中分离出２０株乙型脑炎病毒，批阳性率为６２３％，现场感染比１∶７７２，最低带病毒率１３０‰。结论：三带喙库蚊在云南广泛分布，属优势蚊种，是云南乙型脑炎的主要传播媒介。     

白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊经卵传递基孔肯雅病毒的研究

本文报导了白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊经卵传递基孔肯雅病毒的实验结果。研究表明这两种蚊虫通过叮咬敏感宿主动物能感染和传播基孔肯雅病毒。对感染雌蚊的子1代分55批(3070只)进行基孔肯雅病毒检查,白纹伊蚊的批阳性率:幼虫为46.15％(6/13),雌性成虫为33.33％(4/12),雄性成虫为62.50％(5/8)埃及伊蚊幼虫和雌性成虫的批阳性率分别为18.18％(2/11)和22.22％(2/9)。此外,从感染白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊的子2代和子3代成虫中亦检查出病毒,认为这两种感染雌蚊均具有将基孔肯雅病毒垂     

一起基孔肯雅热暴发的蚊媒监控及其病毒检测

目的 分析基孔肯雅热流行与诱蚊诱卵指数的关系,调查白纹伊蚊成幼虫感染基孔肯雅病毒状况.方法 基孔肯雅热流行期间,通过诱蚊诱卵器和布雷图指数调查蚊虫密度和采集蚊虫,用实时荧光PCR和细胞分离2种方法对野外捕获的白纹伊蚊体内病毒进行检测.结果 确认基孔肯雅热暴发流行后,启动包括应急灭蚊的综合控制措施1周后,疫情得到有效控制,布雷图指数和诱蚊诱卵指数下降到5以下;采集的蚊样品按照时间和地点分成27份进行病毒检测,成蚊标本都显示病毒阴性,有3份乙醇浸泡处理的蚊幼虫标本为可疑阳性,占总幼虫标本(24份)的12.5％.细胞培养分离病毒均为阴性.该社区共报告病例253例,应急控制在22d结束.结论 基孔肯雅热暴发流行时,诱蚊诱卵器法作为应急灭蚊安全、有效、简便易行的评价方法,尤其在成蚊控制效果评价和捕获成蚊检测带病毒指数上有优势,流行期间白纹伊蚊对基孔肯雅病毒的感染率、传播率有待进一步研究.     

云南省自然蚊体乙型脑炎病毒带率调查

In July-September 1983-1987, 57,898 adult female mosquitoes belonging to 29 species of 8 genera were collected from Japanese B encephalitis (JE) epidemic areas in Yunnan, China, and were examined by C 6/36 cell method and sucking mouse method. Twenty-eight strains of JE virus were isolated from Culex tritaeniorhychus, C. whitomorei, C. pseudovishnui, C. fuscocephala, C. annulus, C. gelidus, Anopheles sinensis, Mansonia uniformis, Aedes albopictus, Ae. Vexans, Ae. lineatopennis, and Ae. assamensis. The positive isolation rates by the two methods were 6.19% and 3.33% respectively. The highest positive isolation rate 12.3% (per 100 pools), moiquito body virus carrier rate 1:208 or moiquito body virus carrier rate 4.81% (per 1000 mosquitoes) were found in the middle ten days of August, corresponding to epidemic peak of JBE Nine strains of JE virus were isolated from C tritaeniorhychus with an isolation rate of 7.44%, natural isolation ratio was 1.584 and mosquito body virus carrier rate 1.71%. These results indicated that C. tritaeniorhynchus might be the main vector of JE virus in Yunnan, while C. whitmorei, C. pseudovishnui and An. sinensis are also important vectors of JE virus in Yunnan.     

Aedes albopictus may not be vector of dengue virus in human epidemics in Brazil

Over 60,500 dengue cases were reported in the state of Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil, between 1995 and 1998. The study's purpose was to identify whether Aedes albopictus was transmitting the dengue virus during an epidemic in the locality of Vila Beth nia (Viana County),Vitória, ES. From April 3 to 9, 1998, blood and serum samples were collected daily for virus isolation and serological testing. Four autochthonous cases were confirmed through DEN 1 virus isolation and two autochthonous cases through MAC ELISA testing. Of 37 Ae. aegypti and 200 Ae. albopictus adult mosquitoes collected and inoculated, DEN1 virus was isolated only from a pool of two Ae. aegypti female mosquitoes. The study results suggest that Ae. albopictus still cannot be considered an inter-human vector in dengue epidemics in Brazil.     

Vector competence of Aedes albopictus from Houston, Texas, for dengue serotypes 1 to 4, yellow fever and Ross River viruses

A combination of virus infection and transmission experiments showed that a Houston, Texas strain of Aedes albopictus is a competent vector for dengue (DEN), yellow fever (YF) and Ross River (RR) viruses. However, at 14 days incubation, DEN virus infection rates in a Puerto Rican strain of Aedes aegypti were significantly higher for each of the four DEN serotypes, except DEN-1, than in Houston Ae. albopictus fed simultaneously on the same virus suspensions. The degree of correlation between disseminated DEN infection rates in Houston Ae. albopictus and transmission to an in vitro system ranged from 42 to 88% for the four DEN serotypes. No significant difference was noted in YF virus infection rates or transmission rates in the two mosquito species fed on the same virus suspensions and incubated for the same time period. Also, RR virus infection and transmission rates in Houston and Hawaiian strains of Ae. albopictus were generally comparable.     

中缅边境地区孟连和澜沧县登革热媒介蚊虫调查

目的了解中缅边境地区孟连和澜沧县登革热媒介种类、生态习性和登革热病毒自然感染状况,为登革热预防控制提供科学依据。方法在孟连和澜沧县选择3个自然村作为监测点,采用人工诱捕法白天诱捕成蚊,并在房屋内外积水容器捕捞幼虫,采用RTPCR方法对现场捕获的成蚊进行登革热病毒检测。结果 2010年6-10月在孟连和澜沧县监测点共捕获蚊虫6属8亚属22种3436只,其中白纹伊蚊为优势蚊种,占捕蚊总数的33.82%;未捕到埃及伊蚊。3个观察点白纹伊蚊平均房屋指数19.3,容器指数5.84,布雷图指数30.3,千人指数68.5;白纹伊蚊孳生环境类型以竹筒、土罐类和旧轮胎等临时积水容器为主,分别占阳性积水容器数的34.1%、27.5%和17.6%;白纹伊蚊成蚊平均密度为8.98只/人工小时;成蚊密度高峰出现在7-8月;对捕获的29批白纹伊蚊(1162只)进行RTPCR检测,未发现登革热病毒感染。结论白纹伊蚊密度较高且分布广泛,应加强当地登革热监测工作。     

云南省西南边境地区人血清虫媒病毒抗体调查

本文报告了云南省西南部4个专州9个县的760份人血清对11种虫媒病毒抗原的血凝抑制抗体检查结果,发现不仅乙脑和登革抗体较普遍,同时也存在其它黄病毒组和甲组虫媒病毒的抗体。
甲组虫媒病毒抗体阳性率平均为36.18%(275/760),其中MAY阳性率最高占总阳性数的68.73%(189/275),其次是CHIK占22.18%(61/275),几何平均滴度(GMT),VEE为164.4,MAY为94.48,CHIK为66.7。有交叉反应的血清178份,占64.73%.
黄病毒组抗体阳性率为77.37%(588/760),其中登革和乙脑阳性率最高,前者为36.58%(278/760,后者为27.89%(212/760),其它病毒的阳性率分别为:KFD22.24%(169/760),MVE22.11%(168/760),KUN18.68%(142/760),POW8.82%(67/760),LGT7.89%(60/760)。黄病毒抗体检查中重复感染者较多,占检查数的33.03%(251/760),占黄病毒组总阳性数的42.69%(251/588)。抗体滴度在1:640以上者有403人,占总阳性人次数的36.64%(403/1100),几何平均滴度为355.8。组内交叉反应率达97.09%。     

Virus isolations from mosquitoes collected during the 1982 Japanese encephalitis epidemic in northern Thailand

From 16 June to 15 August, 1982 CDC light traps were used to collect mosquitoes in the province of Kamphaengphet, N. Thailand. 353,042 mosquitoes comprising 59 species were collected and identified, and 345,173 were placed in pools for attempted virus isolation by inoculation of C6/36 Aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures. Viruses were isolated from 63 mosquito pools. These comprised 56 flaviviruses, identified as 35 isolates of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus strains, 18 strains of Tembusu (TEM) virus and three untyped flaviviruses (FLA); three alphaviruses, identified as the first isolates of Getah (GET) virus to have been made in Thailand; and four viruses which are still unidentified. Most virus isolates were from Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in carbon dioxide baited light traps. JE virus was isolated only over a ten-day period and the last isolate was obtained one week before the peak of admission of human encephalitis cases at Kamphaengphet Provincial Hospital. Rapid screening of isolates grown on Ae. pseudoscutellaris (LSTM-AP-61) mosquito cells by indirect immunofluorescence using flavivirus group-specific and JE-specific monoclonal antibodies showed a high degree of correlation with plaque reduction neutralization tests. An antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test successfully identified about 50% of the JE virus positive pools, but the method saved considerable processing time.     

河北省西部、北部白纹伊蚊分布调查

目的了解登革热主要传播媒介白纹伊蚊在河北省西部、北部的分布,为制定控制登革热等蚊媒疾病方案提供基础资料。方法蚊幼虫调查采用容器法,成蚊调查采用诱蚊诱卵器法、灯诱法、人工捕捉法。结果涉县发现白纹伊蚊,其容器指数为34.41,房屋指数为25.27,布雷图指数为4.96。结论河北省北部及西部承德市区、张家口市区未发现白纹伊蚊分布,西南部涉县有该蚊分布。