经颈静脉肝内门体分流术

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术王秋生，黄庭经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（Ｔｒａｎｓｊｕｇｕｌａｒｉｎｔｒａ－ｈｅｐａｔｉｃｐｏｒｔｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｃｓｈｕｎｔ，简称ＴＩＰＳ）是一种经颈静脉途径在肝内肝静脉与门静脉之间穿刺并置入网状支架建立门体分流道以降低门静脉高压...     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗肝硬化患者十二指肠静脉曲张出血

正十二指肠静脉曲张(duodenal varicosis,DV)是消化道出血的罕见原因,DV破裂出血约占所有静脉曲张出血的2.0%~2.5%~([1]),一旦出血很难控制,死亡率超过40%。目前临床对DV破裂出血的治疗方法包括保守治疗、外科手术、内镜下手术、介入栓塞治疗等。本研究采用经颈静脉肝内门体分流术     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术联合胃冠状静脉栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血

目的探讨经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)联合胃冠状静脉栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。方法回顾性分析70例接受TIPS治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者的临床资料,其中15例患者单独接受TIPS治疗(非栓塞组),55例患者接受TIPS联合胃冠状静脉栓塞术治疗(栓塞组),比较两组治疗方法的临床疗效。结果所有TIPS手术操作均成功完成。栓塞组和非栓塞组患者术后12个月累积无消化道再出血率分别为77.33%和86.67%(P=0.30),分流道累积通畅率分别为74.10%和83.33%(P=0.30);栓塞组患者术后12、24个月累积生存率分别为90.38%和82.85%,而非栓塞组分别为93.33%和82.96%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.62)。栓塞组和非栓塞组患者术后肝性脑病发生率分别为18.18%(10/55)和40.00%(6/15),差异无统计学意义(P=0.15)。结论与单独TIPS相比,TIPS联合胃冠状静脉栓塞并未提高食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术与肝细胞癌的相关性

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术（TIPS）可有效治疗肝硬化患者门静脉高压,但可能影响患者血流动力学和肝功能。TIPS与肝硬化及肝癌具有潜在相关性,可能与肝脏血流动力学改变和肠道群菌失调等有关,目前对于其间关系仍不明确。本文就TIPS与肝细胞癌相关性研究进展进行综述。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后抗凝治疗现状

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)可治疗门静脉高压,但术后常发生分流道狭窄或闭塞。TIPS术后抗凝治疗可预防支架内血栓形成,但同时增加出血风险,且目前尚缺乏统一标准。本文就TIPS术后抗凝治疗现状进行综述。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术后肝性脑病研究进展

肝性脑病(HE)可引起不同程度的神经精神异常。经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)术后高发HE,严重制约其在门静脉高压症治疗中的应用。本文主要对TIPS术后HE的发病机制、危险因素和治疗方面的研究进展进行综述。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术

肝硬化门脉高压症食道静脉曲张出血,尤其是Child C级患者急性出血时,外科手术治疗病死率很高。因此,寻求一种非手术方法降低门脉压力,是临床医生多年来研究的课题之一。经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)是一种较为理     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压的临床研究现状与进展

目前,经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(TIPS)在治疗门静脉高压方面的有关适应证、禁忌证和技术标准相继确立。本文主要从目前的手术适应证、禁忌证、并发症、技术操作及内支架材料的选择和应用等方面,探讨TIPS的临床研究现状及进展。     

急诊TIPS治疗肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血的中长期效果

目的观察急诊经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血的中长期效果。方法回顾性分析75例因肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血经药物和内镜治疗失败而于24 h内接受急诊TIPS患者,对比分流前后门静脉压力梯度(PVPG);术后定期规律随访,检测肝肾功能及凝血功能,统计再出血及肝性脑病(HE)发生率、支架通畅情况及生存情况。结果75例TIPS后均成功止血;分流前PVPG为(24.11±4.97)mmHg,分流后(9.21±2.73)mmHg,较前明显降低(P<0.001)。丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和凝血酶原时间(PT)术后1、3个月均较术前升高(P均<0.05),术后6、12个月与术前差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);术后1、3、6个月及1年总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)均高于术前(P均<0.05)。随访期间7例复发出血,12例发生HE,8例支架功能障碍,10例死亡。Kaplan-Meier曲线示术后1、3、6个月生存率均为97.33%,12个月为95.73%,2年为92.31%,3、4年均为90.01%,5年为78.35%。结论急诊TIPS治疗肝硬化急性静脉曲张破裂出血安全、有效,中长期效果较好。     

采用Viatorr覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术

目的评价采用Viatorr覆膜支架行经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗门静脉高压并发症的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析8例接受Viatorr覆膜支架TIPS治疗的肝硬化门静脉高压症患者的资料。术后进行随访,复查上腹部CT,以评价TIPS疗效。结果对8例患者均成功手术,均采用直径8mm、覆膜段长度50~80mm的Viatorr覆膜支架建立肝内分流道。对其中1例合并门静脉海绵样变的患者于门静脉端置入8mm×40mm的E-Luminexx裸支架1枚;1例患者因肝静脉端狭窄于肝静脉端置入8mm×40mm的Fluency覆膜支架1枚。术后患者门静脉压力由术前的[33.08(29.32,40.22)]mmHg降为[23.31(21.43,26.51)]mmHg,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.52,P=0.012)。术后随访1.1~7.7个月,所有患者均存活,均未再发生门静脉高压相关并发症。术后2例患者发生肝性脑病。术后1~7.7个月复查示所有患者TIPS分流道通畅。结论对国内肝硬化门静脉高压症患者应用Viatorr支架行TIPS治疗安全、有效。     

限制性扩张支架对肝硬化门静脉高压经颈静脉肝内门体分流患者预后的影响

目的观察经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)治疗肝硬化门静脉高压术中限制性扩张支架对术后肝功能、并发症及生存率的影响。方法回顾性分析213例因肝硬化门静脉高压接受TIPS治疗患者,根据术中是否对覆膜支架进行限制性扩张分为限制组与对照组,经匹配后最终每组纳入53例。术后规律随访,对比2组肝功能、消化道再出血、肝性脑病(HE)发生率及死亡率差异;以COX回归分析观察生存率影响因素。结果对照组术后3、7天谷丙转氨酶(GPT)高于限制组(P=0.04、0.04),其他各时间点组间肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。术后6个月、1年及2年,限制组免于HE累积发生率为88.60%、79.10%和68.50%,对照组为90.50%、82.70%和75.50%;限制组免于消化道再出血累积发生率为92.30%、90.30%和90.30%,对照组为96.00%、87.80%和76.60%(P均>0.05)。限制组术后1、2、3年累积生存率分别为92.10%、84.30%和81.20%,对照组为94.30%、82.10%和70.90%(P>0.05)。年龄和总胆红素(TBIL)为TIPS术后患者生存率的独立影响因素(P均<0.05)。结论限制性扩张支架可抑制肝硬化门静脉高压患者TIPS术后短期肝功能急剧受损,对中远期肝功能及预后无明显影响。     

影像融合技术引导经颈静脉肝内门体分流术中穿刺门静脉的可行性

目的分析影像融合技术引导经颈静脉肝内门体分流(TIPS)术中穿刺门静脉的可行性。方法回顾性分析41例接受TIPS治疗的肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)患者。对其中18例以影像融合技术引导穿刺门静脉(融合组),融合术前门静脉增强CT图像和术中腹部Xper-CT图像后,重建3D门静脉图像作为3D路径图,以之引导穿刺;对23例于常规DSA引导下进行穿刺(常规组)。对比组间穿刺次数、穿刺时间、辐射剂量及对比剂用量;测量并比较融合3D路径图与直接门静脉造影图像中的门静脉主干纵向和横向误差。结果 2组均经由肝静脉成功穿刺门静脉左支并成功施行TIPS,术中及术后均未出现严重并发症。融合组穿刺次数、穿刺时间、辐射剂量及对比剂用量均低于常规组(P均0.01)。3D路径图与直接门静脉造影图像之间的门静脉纵向误差为0～9 mm(中位误差2.35 mm),横向误差0～9 mm(中位误差1.50 mm)。融合组18例中,10例(10/18,55.56%)门静脉纵向误差小,5例(5/18,27.78%)纵向误差一般,3例(3/18,16.67%)纵向误差较大;13例(13/18,72.22%)门静脉横向误差小,4例(4/18,22.22%)横向误差一般,1例(1/18,5.56%)横向误差较大。结论影像融合技术引导TIPS术中穿刺门静脉安全、可行。     

覆膜支架经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门静脉主干癌栓

目的探讨Fluency覆膜支架经颈静脉肝内门腔分流术(TIPS)治疗门静脉主干癌栓并门静脉高压症的临床应用价值。方法对11例原发性肝癌伴门静脉主干癌栓导致门静脉高压症患者行TIPS术。其中9例为食管胃底静脉曲张合并急性出血,另2例为顽固性腹腔积液。TIPS术中采用Fluency覆膜支架建立肝内门腔分流道。测量支架置入前后的门静脉压力。术后随访1~18个月,分析疗效。结果 11例TIPS术均获成功,共置入21枚覆膜支架,直径8mm支架20枚,7mm支架1枚,支架长度4~8cm。平均门静脉压力由术前(32.00±4.12)mmHg降至(11.82±3.09)mmHg(t=10.76,P0.001)。6例在术后1周出现不同程度肝性脑病,经口服乳果糖等内科处理后症状消失。9例急性出血患者术后出血停止,另2例顽固性腹腔积液患者术后腹腔积液明显减少。随访期间,超声提示支架血流通畅,无复发。9例因多器官衰竭于术后2~14个月死亡[平均(5.67±4.00)个月];另2例分别随访16及18个月仍存活。结论对门静脉主干癌栓并门静脉高压症患者,采用覆膜支架行TIPS术是可行的,可有效控制近期门静脉高压相关症状。     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: an analysis of outcomes

Background: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS) are utilized for the management of complications of portal hypertension, particularly diuretic‐resistant ascites and recurrent variceal bleeding. It has also been applied in Budd–Chiari syndrome and hepatorenal syndrome. We report the results in a small series, over 9 years, from a single centre, and compare these to those published in the literature. Methods: A retrospective case note review of 20 consecutive TIPS procedures performed at Flinders Medical Centre from January 1997 to December 2005 was completed. All indications were included in the analysis. Underlying liver disease, peri‐procedure complications, relief of symptoms and patient survival were recorded. Data on type of TIPS, shunt patency and method of follow‐up were recorded. Results: Thirty‐six TIPS were performed in 20 subjects. All initial TIPS attempts were successful. Indications were: refractory ascites (18), acute variceal bleeding (12) and hepatorenal syndrome (2). There were no peri‐procedure deaths, however. Ninety‐day mortality was 20%. Outcomes in model of end‐stage liver disease score and biochemical characteristics post‐TIPS were comparable to those reported. Overall, TIPS dysfunction rate was 35% at 1 year. TIPS follow‐up and patency surveillance was an ad hoc combination of Doppler ultrasound and venography. Conclusion: TIPS procedure outcomes in our centre are similar to those reported in the literature from large centres. TIPS patency rates may be improved with regular monitoring and early intervention when stenosis occurs.     

经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流治疗土三七致肝窦阻塞综合征

肝窦阻塞综合征(hepatic sinus obstruction syndrome,HSOS)是肝窦内皮细胞损伤致肝窦流出道阻塞所引起的肝内窦性门静脉高压。HSOS发病原因在欧美国家主要为造血干细胞移植及移植术后大量使用化学治疗药物,而国内主要为服用含有吡咯烷生物碱的中草药[1],尤以土三七最为常见。HSOS起病急,进展快,严重影响患者生活质量,如治疗不及时死亡率较高。本研究观察经颈静脉肝内门体静脉分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt,TIPS)治疗HSOS的有效性及安全性。     

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for hepatitis C virus-related portal hypertension after liver transplantation

Ghinolfi D, De Simone P, Catalano G, Petruccelli S, Coletti L, Carrai P, Marti J, Tincani G, Cicorelli A, Cioni R, Filipponi F. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for hepatitis C virus‐related portal hypertension after liver transplantation. Abstract: This is a single center retrospective review of 19 consecutive liver transplant (LT) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related graft recurrent hepatitis who underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) at a median interval of 21 months (range: 5–50) from LT. Indications were refractory ascites in 11 patients (57.9%), hydrothorax in six (31.6%), and both in two (10.5%). TIPS was successful in 94.7% of cases (18/19) with only one procedure‐related mortality (5.3%) owing to sepsis on day 35. At a median follow‐up of 23 months (range: one month–nine yr), TIPS allowed for symptoms resolution in 16 patients (84.2%), with ascites resolving in all cases and hydrothorax persisting in 2. Post‐TIPS patient survival at six months, one yr, and three yr was 84.2%, 73.7%, and 56.8%, respectively. We compared these results with a control group of 29 patients with HCV recurrence but without unresponsive ascites or hydrothorax. Patients in the control group had better survival than patients undergoing TIPS placement. However, survival of TIPS patients with a MELD score lower than or equal to 12 was similar to that of the control group. We conclude that TIPS may be used to treat complications secondary to HCV.