An observational retrospective analysis of the main metastatic site and corresponding locoregional treatment as a prognostic factor in metastatic gastric cancer

Despite novel drugs, the prognosis for patients with metastatic gastric cancer remains poor. In rare instances, locoregional therapies are used in addition to standard chemotherapy in patients with oligometastatic involvement. This type of approach has not been supported by solid published evidence. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess the prognostic impact of factors such as metastatic site, tumour histology and locoregional treatment in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. A total of 184 patients with metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma who received at least one line of palliative therapy with doublet or triplet chemotherapy were enrolled in the current analysis. Median overall survival (OS) was 8.32 months (95% CI, 7.02–9.41) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.16 months (95% CI, 3.24–5.08). Lung metastases vs. other sites of metastatic involvement [hazard ratio (HR), 0.27; P=0.0133] and intestinal histology (HR, 0.48; P=0.08) were significantly associated with an improved OS. Improved PFS was also observed (HR, 0.49; P=0.10 and HR, 0.72; P=0.08 for lung metastases and intestinal histology, respectively). Second line chemotherapy and locoregional treatment of metastases (surgery or radiotherapy) were associated with improved OS (HR, 0.52; P<0.0001 and HR, 0.35; P<0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent prognostic role for OS only for locoregional treatment, second line treatment and intestinal histology. The present results suggested that the presence of lung metastases alone was not a relevant prognostic factor and was influenced by the availability of further lines of treatment or by locoregional treatments. Locoregional treatments in patients with oligometastatic disease should be offered as they allow prolonged survival in patients with otherwise relatively short life expectancy.     

转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床特征和治疗结果

目的 分析转移性三阴乳腺癌的临床病理特征、生存情况和局部治疗在转移性三阴乳腺癌中的作用。方法 回顾分析1998—2013年间收治的 220例转移性三阴乳腺癌患者的临床特征和治疗结果。全组 206例初诊Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者治疗后出现远处转移(186例接受改良根治术、14例保乳手术+放疗、5例单纯保乳术、1例未接受手术;化疗 196例,88例改良根治术后局部区域放疗),14例Ⅳ期初诊时即有远处转移(8例接受改良根治术、1例区段切除术、5例未接受手术)。用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析转移后治疗对生存的影响。结果 最常见转移部位为肺和骨,实质性脏器转移182例(82.7%),单器官转移 63例(28.6%),多器官转移 153例(69.5%),4例不详。三阴乳腺癌初诊 3年内转移达高峰,5年后很少发生转移(6.4%)。中位随访时间22个月,全组转移后 5年OS为25.0%,中位生存时间21个月。单器官转移、多器官转移的 5年OS分别为38.2%、17.5%(P=0.005)。合并内脏转移、局限骨转移的 5年OS分别为20.3%、56.2%(P=0.049)。62例单器官转移病例中接受手术或放疗局部治疗组和无局部治疗组的转以后 5年OS分别为48%和29%(P=0.006)。结论 转移性三阴乳腺癌常见内脏实质器官转移,单器官转移预后好于多器官转移;对于单一器官转移,挽救性局部治疗能改善生存;局限于骨转移好于合并内脏转移预后。     

218例食管癌根治术后复发再治疗的疗效分析

目的 分析食管癌根治术后复发挽救治疗的疗效,为综合治疗提供依据。 方法 回顾分析2004—2014年间食管癌R₀术后复发转移行挽救治疗的218患者资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。 结果 全组患者复发后中位随访时间53个月。复发后1、3年OS率分别为57.2%、24.4%。163例局部区域复发患者复发后放化疗(40例),单纯放疗(106例),支持治疗(13例)的1、3年OS率分别为70%、42%,55%、24%,23%、8%(放化疗比单纯放疗 P=0.045,单纯放疗比支持治疗 P=0.004,单纯化疗无 1年生存)。单因素分析显示术后病理N分期、TNM分期、复发后治疗方式影响预后(P均=0.001),多因素分析中只有复发后治疗方式是影响生存的独立预后因素(P=0.013)。 结论 食管癌根治术后复发转移后采用放化疗或放疗挽救治疗有明显生存获益,特别是局部区域复发患者。     

食管癌根治性治疗后局部复发患者的预后因素分析

目的 探讨食管癌根治性治疗后局部复发患者多学科综合治疗的疗效及预后因素.方法 回顾性分析196例食管癌根治性治疗后局部复发患者的临床特点,并结合随访资料进行预后因素分析.采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log rank法比较生存率,以Cox模型进行多因素回归分析.结果 全组患者的中位生存时间为8.0个月,1、2、3年生存率分别为29.8％、5.9％和4.0％.单因素分析结果显示,复发时PS评分、首次根治性治疗后与复发的间隔时间、首次治疗方案以及复发后的治疗方案与患者的预后相关.Cox多因素回归分析的结果显示,首次治疗方案和复发后治疗方案为独立预后因素.复发后采用放化疗联合治疗、单纯放疗、单纯化疗、分子靶向治疗和对症支持治疗患者的中位生存时间分别为13.0、7.0、6.0、4.0和3.0个月(P=0.000).93例既往未曾接受过放疗而复发后行放射治疗的患者中,放疗剂量≥60 Gy者的生存时间明显长于放疗剂量＜60Gy者(P =0.000).结论 首次治疗方案和复发后治疗方案为食管癌根治性治疗后复发的独立预后因素,建议对复发患者予以积极的多学科综合治疗以进一步提高疗效.对于局部复发既往未曾接受过放疗的患者,放疗剂量应该≥60Gy.食管癌根治性治疗后复发者的预后差,有必要对其他的治疗方法(如手术、靶向治疗等)做进一步探索.     

121例局限期食管小细胞癌治疗模式探讨

目的 探讨原发性局限期食管小细胞癌综合治疗模式及预后。方法 回顾分析2004—2012年间收治的局限期食管小细胞癌患者121例资料,其中手术组患者98例(单纯手术37例、手术+化疗40例、手术+放化疗21例),非手术组患者23例(放化疗18例、单纯化疗5例)。采用Kaplan-Meier法OS分析并Logrank检验和Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 手术组1、3年OS率分别为88%、37%,非手术组分别为78%、43%(P=0.585)。手术组内不同治疗模式LC率相近(P=0.113),手术+化疗、手术+放化疗组OS率均优于单纯手术组(P=0.002、0.028)。手术+化疗组1、3年OS率分别为88%、44%,与放化疗组的83%、50%相近(P=0.969)。化疗≥4周期组1、3年OS率分别为89%、53%,高于<4周期组的85%、35%(P=0.036)。多因素分析显示只有化疗与否是影响因素(P=0.006)。结论 局限期食管小细胞癌单纯手术治疗预后差。在系统性化疗基础上的手术治疗比放疗并不能明显提高患者LC和预后。化疗是独立影响因素,推荐化疗周期数至少≥4周期。     

鼻咽癌远处转移的预后因素分析

背景与目的:鼻咽癌远处转移的发生率较高,已成为鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因之一.本研究探讨转移性鼻咽癌预后的影响因素,为临床选择治疗方案提供依据.方法:从1997年1月至2003年6月,共有128例在确诊时或在治疗期间发生远处转移的鼻咽癌患者在我院住院治疗,其中男性112例,女性16例,中位年龄48岁(15～70岁).放疗加化疗54例,单独化疗48例,单纯放射治疗14例,未治疗12例.用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,用log-rank检验各组生存率.采用Cox逐步回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:全组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为60.9%、34.4%、14.1%,中位生存时间为15.6(0.85～96.63)个月.单因素分析显示,年龄(P=0.038)、治疗方式(P=0.041)、化疗程数(P=0.034)和近期疗效(P=0.007)是转移性鼻咽癌预后的影响因素.多因素分析显示,性别(P=0.013)、N分期(P=0.011)、化疗程数(P=0.032)和近期疗效(P=0.000)是影响转移性鼻咽癌预后的独立因素.结论:性别、化疗程数和近期疗效是影响转移性鼻咽癌预后的独立因素.     

初治寡转移鼻咽癌的治疗进展

初治转移鼻咽癌异质性较大,因此治疗方法及疗效差异也很大。越来越多的研究发现了初治寡转移鼻咽癌生存情况明显优于其他多发转移。初治寡转移鼻咽癌不仅涉及到全身治疗,还要考虑原发灶和转移灶的处理。全身化疗的基础上增加原发灶的根治性放疗和转移灶的积极处理可明显提高患者的生存获益,甚至获得治愈效果。多种分子标志物及预后模型能够筛选出部分从积极治疗中获益的患者,但仍需更多的研究来证实。     

初治转移鼻咽癌疗后预后评分模型建立及分层治疗研究

目的 建立初治转移鼻咽癌疗后预后评分模型,探讨其分层治疗的可行性。 方法 2002—2010年共263例符合入组条件的初治鼻咽癌转移患者纳入研究。原发灶主要包括常规放疗、3DCRT、IMRT等,照射范围包括鼻咽病灶+颈部淋巴引流区。骨转移病灶的处理主要是常规外放疗,肝、肺等主要选择手术切除、放疗及射频消融处理等。大部分患者一线治疗均采用以顺铂为基础的联合化疗方案。将患者一般特点、肿瘤状态以及治疗相关因素等纳入多因素分析,根据预后因素n值(其中HR=eⁿ)建立预后模型。 结果 影响患者OS因素包括KPS≤70(P=0.00)、联合器官转移(P=0.00)、合并肝转移(P=0.00)、转移数目≥2个(P=0.00)、LDH>245 IU/I (P=0.00)、化疗周期数1~3个(P=0.00)、转移灶疗效为SD或PD (P=0.00)、原发灶未接受放疗(P=0.01)。根据患者预后评分分为低危组(0~1.5分)、中危组(2.0~6.5分)、高危组(≥7.0分),5年OS率分别为59.0%、25.1%、0(P=0.00)。 结论 基于患者KPS、血清LDH水平及联合脏器转移、合并肝转移、转移数目建立的预后评分模型能有效预测患者生存,积极的治疗方式包括≥4个周期化疗和原发灶放疗等能提高低、中危组患者生存时间;而对高危组患者原发灶放疗不能带来生存获益,以姑息性化疗为主。     

Interstitial Chemotherapy Plus Systemic Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma Patients: Improved Survival in Sequential Studies

We investigated the efficacy of 3 different systemic chemotherapy regimes in 122 patients with histologically confirmed glioblastoma, KPS>60, age<65. Locoregional chemotherapy was delivered to 22 patients from all three systemic chemotherapy groups. Chemotherapy was given before and during radiotherapy, which was the same for all patients consisting of unconventional fractionation with a break between courses.Survival (Kaplan–Meier) was significantly longer in the subgroup receiving cisplatinum plus BCNU compared to those receiving cisplatinum plus etoposide or carboplatinum plus BCNU with median survival time 21.5 months, 15 months and 15 months respectively (log rank test p=0.01). Survival was also significantly longer in patients who received locoregional therapy compared to those who received only systemic chemotherapy (21 vs 15 months, p=0.01). Univariate analysis showed that age, postoperative Karnofsky status and extent of resection were not predictive of survival in the series, although there were trends to better outcome in younger patients and those undergoing total/subtotal resection.Age, systemic chemotherapy type and interstitial treatment were included in a multivariate analysis, and both locoregional treatment and chemotherapy with cisplatinum plus BCNU were significantly predictive of survival [P=0.01]. These encouraging preliminary results suggest that further trials with locoregional and systemic therapy prior to radiotherapy are worth pursuing.     

Treatment outcomes for different subgroups of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Although many studies have investigated intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), sample sizes in the reported studies are usually small and different in outcomes in different T and N subgroups are seldom analyzed. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of NPC patients treated with IMRT and further explored treatment strategy to improve such outcome. We collected clinical data of 865 NPC patients treated with IMRT alone or in combination with chemotherapy, and classified all cases into the following prognostic categories according to different TNM stages: early stage group (T1-2N0-1M0), advanced local disease group (T3-4N0-1M0), advanced nodal disease group (T1-2N2-3M0), and advanced locoregional disease group (T3-4N2-3M0). The 5-year overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastases-free survival (DMFS) were 83.0%, 90.4%, and 84.0%, respectively. The early disease group had the lowest treatment failure rate, with a 5-year OS of 95.6%. The advanced local disease group and advanced nodal disease group had similar failure pattern and treatment outcomes as well as similar hazard ratios for death (4.230 and 4.625, respectively). The advanced locoregional disease group had the highest incidence of relapse and death, with a 5-year DMFS and OS of 62.3% and 62.2%, respectively, and a hazard ratio for death of 10.402. Comparing with IMRT alone, IMRT in combination with chemotherapy provided no significant benefit to locoregionally advanced NPC. Our results suggest that the decision of treatment strategy for NPC patients should consider combinations of T and N stages, and that IMRT alone for early stage NPC patients can produce satisfactory results. However, for advanced local, nodal, and locoregional disease groups, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is recommended.     

Expressions of Ku70 and DNA-PKcs as prognostic indicators of local control in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine whether the expressions of the two components of DNA-dependent protein kinase, Ku70 and DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), influence the response to radiotherapy (RT) and outcome of treatment of nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients who received definitive RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-six patients with NPC who were treated with radiotherapy alone or with concurrent chemotherapy between June 1995 and December 2001 were divided into groups based on the levels of immunoreactivity for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs in pretreatment biopsy specimens. The overexpression of Ku70 or DNA-PKcs groups included patients whose biopsy specimens showed at least 50% immunopositive tumor cells; patients in which less than 50% of the tumor cells in the biopsy tissues were immunopositive were placed in the low Ku70 and DNA-PKcs groups. The immunoreactivities for Ku70 and DNA-PKcs were retrospectively compared with the sensitivity of the tumor to radiation and the patterns of therapy failure. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors that influenced locoregional control of NPC. RESULTS: The 5-year locoregional control rate was significantly higher in the low Ku70 group (Ku-) (85%) than in the high Ku70 group (Ku+) (42%) (p = 0.0042). However, there were no differences in the metastases-free survival rates between the 2 groups (Ku70+, 82%; Ku70- 78%; p = 0.8672). Univariate analysis indicated that the overexpression of Ku70 surpassed other well-known predictive clinicopathologic parameters as an independent prognostic factor for locoregional control. Eighteen of 22 patients who had locoregional recurrences of the tumor displayed an overexpression of Ku70. No significant association was found between the level of DNA-PKcs expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the level of Ku70 expression can be used as a molecular marker to predict the response to RT and the locoregional control after RT and concurrent chemotherapy in patients with nondisseminated NPC.     

Long term outcomes and prognostic factors of n0 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single institutional experience with 610 patients

Treatment responses of N0 stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma were firstly analyzed comprehensively to evaluate long term outcomes of patients and identify prognostic factors. A total of 610 patients with N0 NPC, undergoing definitive radiotherapy to their primary lesion and prophylactic radiation to upper neck, were reviewed retrospectively. Concomitant chemotherapy was administrated to 65 out of the 610. Survival rates of the patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Prognostic factors were identified by the Cox regression model. The study revealed the 5-year and 10-year overall, disease-free, disease-specific, local failure-free, regional failure-free, locoregional failure-free and distant metastasis-free survival rates to be 78.7% and 66.8%, 68.8% and 55.8%, 79.9% and 70.4%, 81.2% and 72.5%, 95.8% and 91.8%, 78.3% and 68.5%, 88.5% and 85.5%, respectively. There were 192 patients experiencing failure (31.5%) after radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Of these, local recurrence, regional relapse and distant metastases as the first event of failure occurred in 100 (100/610, 16.4%), 15(15/610, 2.5%) and 52 (52/610, 8.5%), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage was the only independent prognostic factor for patients with N0 NPC (P=0.000). Late T stage (P=0.000), male (P=0.039) and anemia (P=0.007) were independently unfavorable factors predicting disease-free survival. After treatment, satisfactory outcome wasgenerally achieved in patients with N0 NPC. Local recurrence represented the predominant mode of treatment failure, while T stage was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Late T stage, male gender, and anemia independently predicted lower possibility of the disease-free survival.     

IMRT同期化疗在Ⅲ期鼻咽癌中作用分析

目的 探讨IMRT同期化疗对Ⅲ期鼻咽癌患者预后的影响和作用。方法 回顾性分析2001-2008年间中山大学肿瘤防治中心接受单纯IMRT和IMRT同期铂类药物化疗的 251例Ⅲ期鼻咽癌患者,分析相关预后因子和探讨IMRT同期化疗作用。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,组间差异比较采用log-rank检验,Cox模型预后因素分析。结果 全组 10年无局部区域复发生存(LRFS)、无远处转移生存(DMFS)、无进展生存(PFS)和总生存(OS)率分别为88.6%、81.1%、68.8%和75.1%。单因素和多因素分析显示N分期和鼻咽肿瘤体积是最重要的预后影响因素,同期化疗有助于改善患者PFS和OS (均 P<0.05)。T3N0-1期患者单纯放疗组和同期放化疗组各生存指标均相近(10年LRFS为93.8%∶93.2%,P=0.933;10年DMFS为80.9%∶86.8%,P=0.385;10年PFS为70.6%∶77.7%,P=0.513;10年OS为71.8%∶83.6%,P=0.207);T1-3N2期患者同期放化疗的LRFS、PFS和OS优于单纯放疗(10年LRFS为87.3%∶66.7%,P=0.016;10年PFS为70.2%∶41.0%,P=0.003;10年OS为78.5%∶51.7%,P=0.008),DMFS有提高趋势(10年DMFS为80.3%∶66.4%,P=0.103)。结论 IMRT中同期化疗的加入有助于改善Ⅲ期鼻咽癌患者预后,在N2期组获益较为明显,需要根据患者治疗失败风险予以个体化治疗方案。     

The role of concurrent chemotherapy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for patients with stage Ⅲ nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of concurrent chemotherapy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with stage Ⅲ nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Clinical data of 251 patients with stage Ⅲ NPC treated with IMRT alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from February 2001 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors of NPC were analyzed and the efficacy of CCRT was assessed. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. The differences between two groups were analyzed by log-rank test. The prognostic factors were analyzed by Cox model. Results The 10-year locoregional-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) for NPC patients were 88.6%, 81.1%, 68.8% and 75.1%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that N staging and nasopharyngeal tumor volume were the most important prognostic factors, and concurrent chemotherapy significantly improved PFS and OS (both P<0.05). In T3N0-1 patients, there was no significant difference in survival indexes between IMRT alone and CCRT (10y-LRFS:93.8% vs. 93.2%, P=0.933;10y-DMFS:80.9% vs. 86.8%, P=0.385;10y-PFS:70.6% vs. 77.7%, P=0.513;10y-OS:71.8% vs. 83.6%, P=0.207). For T1-3N2 patients, CCRT was significantly better than radiotherapy alone in LRFS, PFS, and OS (10y-LRFS:87.3% vs. 66.7%, P=0.016;10y-PFS:70.2% vs. 41.0%, P=0.003;10y-OS:78.5% vs. 51.7%, P=0.008), whereas there was an increasing trend in DMFS (10y-DMFS:80.3% vs. 66.4%, P=0.103). Conclusions Concurrent chemotherapy can improve clinical prognosis of stage Ⅲ NPC patients, and the most survival benefits are obtained in the N2 group. Individualized treatment options should be delivered based on the risk of treatment failure.     

晚期鼻咽癌诱导化疗+同步放化疗与诱导化疗+放疗疗效比较

目的 比较诱导化疗+同步放化疗与诱导化疗+放疗在T3～4N0～1M0和T1～4N2～3M0期鼻咽癌患者的疗效.方法 对2002-2005年间收治的92分期为Ⅲ、Ⅳa期的400例鼻咽癌患者随机分为诱导化疗+同步放化疗组和诱导化疗+放疗组,其中对T3～4N0～1M0(197例)和T1～4N2～3M0(203例)期分别进行亚组分析.放疗采用常规分割方案,化疗采用氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷+卡铂.结果 中位随访3.9年,随访率96.2%.T3～4N0～1M0期鼻咽癌患者诱导化疗+同步放化疗组(104例)和诱导化疗+放疗组(93例)的3年总生存率、无瘤生存率、无局部区域复发生存率、无远处转移生存率分别为84.0%和85.9%(χ2=0.08,P=0.780)、77.0%和72.0%(χ2=0.44,P=0.510)、89.5%和92.3%(χ2=0.65,P=0.420)、84.9%和77.0%(χ2=1.59,P=0.210);T1～4 N2～3 M0期(97例和106例)的分别为67.4%和82.2%(χ2=3.48,P=0.060)、61.5%和68.0%(χ2=1.86,P=0.170)、86.2%和87.0%(χ2=0.57,P=0.450)、66.2%和75.6%(χ2=2.07,P=0.150).急性毒副反应只有白细胞减少诱导化疗+同步放化疗比诱导化疗+放疗严重,其余相似.结论 采用诱导化疗+同步放化疗方案未能较诱导化疗+放疗进一步提高T3～4N0～1M0、T1～4N2～3M0期鼻咽癌总生存率.     

放射治疗对转移性鼻咽癌生存的影响——基于SEER数据库的回顾性研究

目的 探讨放疗对转移性鼻咽癌(NPC)患者生存的影响及其相关预后因素分析。方法 利用SEER数据库搜索并筛选2010-2015年初诊为转移性NPC患者329例,回顾分析329例患者的病历资料(199例接受放疗,130例未接受放疗)。采用Kaplan-Meier曲线计算总生存(OS)及疾病特异性生存(DSS),采用Logrank检验及Cox回归分析评估不同临床病理因素对转移性NPC患者预后影响。结果 中位随访时间为12个月,3、5年OS率分别为27.4%、19.7%,中位OS期17.9个月。单因素分析结果显示,年龄<50岁、男性、病理未分化型、T3或T4分期、区域淋巴结阳性、脑或肝转移、转移脏器个数1~2个的患者放疗3年后OS及DSS获益。采用倾向得分匹配后单因素及多因素回归分析结果显示,放疗是转移性NPC的独立预后影响因素(OS,P=0.004;DSS,P=0.014)。多因素回归分析结果还显示,60~69岁(OS,P=0.033;DSS,P=0.045)、角化性鳞状细胞癌(OS,P<0.05;DSS,P<0.050)、T4期(OS,P=0.002;DSS,P=0.024)、1~2个(OS,P=0.039;DSS,P=0.058)及3~4个(OS,P=0.003;DSS,P=0.005)脏器转移、未接受化疗(OS,P=0.000;DSS,P=0.000)的患者预后差,而性别、人种、分化程度对OS及DSS无影响。结论 放疗可显著改善转移性NPC患者的OS及DSS。放疗在转移性NPC治疗中的作用机制还需前瞻性随机对照研究进一步明确。     

鼻咽癌治疗期间血红蛋白浓度变化对局部控制的影响

目的 探讨鼻咽癌患者治疗期间血红蛋白浓度的变化对局部控制的影响。方法 将443例鼻咽癌患者治疗期间血红蛋白浓度的变化分为血红蛋白上升组141例和血红蛋白下降组302例。前组行单纯放疗51例,放疗＋化疗90例;后组予单纯放疗110例,放疗＋化疗192例。放疗为常规放疗,化疗为诱导化疗和同步放化疗。分析患者血红蛋白浓度的变化与预后的关系。结果 鼻咽癌治疗期间血红蛋白上升组患者和血红蛋白下降组患者的5年无局部复发生存率分别为53.5%和37.5%（P=0.013）,5年无远处转移生存率分别为58.5%和37.4%（P=0.009）,5年总生存率分别为43.3%和27.7%（P=0.003）。多因素分析显示患者年龄＞60岁、治疗前和治疗期贫血、T分期及治疗期血红蛋白上升是影响鼻咽癌患者局部控制的独立预后因素。结论 鼻咽癌患者治疗期间血红蛋白浓度上升是影响局部控制的预后因素之一。     

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Conventional Radiotherapy or Accelerated Hyperfractionation in Stage III and IV Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - A Phase II Study

A prospective phase II trial was initiated in previously untreated patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The goal was to achieve improvement in locoregional control, disease-free interval and overall survival using induction chemotherapy and to compare conventional fractionation (CF) with an accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF) regimen. Fifty patients were treated (5 AJCC Stage III, 45 Stage IV) with induction chemotherapy consisting of two cycles of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Patients were then randomized between CF and AHF therapy. A clinical response to induction chemotherapy was reported in 86% of patients prior to radiotherapy (44% complete response, 42% partial response). Patients with complete or major partial responses to induction chemotherapy had a significantly better 5-year overall survival (60%) and disease-free interval (59%) than those with no response or minor partial response (15% and 18%, p = 0.009 and 0.0009). Acute radiation reactions were more pronounced in the AHF group (p = 0.0002), and the incidence of late normal tissue injury was more frequent (p = 0.08). At 5 years, the locoregional control rate was higher in the AHF arm (76%) than in the CF group (54%), but the difference was not significant (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.15?2.83; p = 0.186). With a median follow-up period of 55 months (range 4?120), the 5-year disease-free interval and overall survival rates were more favorable in the AHF group than in the CF group, but the differences were not significant (59% and 54% vs. 34% and 36%, respectively, HR for disease-free interval=0.71; 95% CI, 0.27?1.88; p = 0.198 and HR for overall survival = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.37?1.78; p = 0.433). The overall treatment failure rate was 48%. Locoregional failures occurred in 12 patients (24%) and the incidence of distant metastases reached 30%. Response to induction chemotherapy is strongly predictive for locoregional control, disease-free interval and overall survival. Accelerated hyperfractionation was associated with high incidence of acute and late toxicity without significant improvement in locoregional control rate. The optimal chemotherapy dose and sequencing with radiotherapy needs to be investigated in future studies. Distant metastases remain the main cause of treatment failure in NPC.     

46例首诊伴远处转移鼻咽癌的预后分析

目的 回顾性分析初诊时即伴有远处转移的鼻咽癌患者的治疗结果 并探讨其预后.方法 3年余共收治46例初诊伴有远处转移的鼻咽癌患者,其中43例为单器官转移,3例为多器官转移.肝转移19例,骨转移11例,肺转移7例,腋窝淋巴结和纵隔淋巴结各6例,脑转移1例.所有患者均接受了鼻咽部及颈部40～85 Gy放疗.41例接受了1～5周期PF方案化疗,23例接受了远处转移灶姑息性放疗.结果 随访率为100%.1、2、3、5年生存率分别为66%、47%、30%、19%,中位生存时间为20个月.转移灶是否放疗及KPS评分是影响生存的预后因素.转移灶放疗与末放疗的中位生存时间分别为39个月和13个月(X2=8.63,P=0.012),KPS评分≥80和<80的中位生存时间分别为26个月和12个月(X2=3.95,P=0.035).结论 首诊远处转移的鼻咽癌患者得到积极治疗后仍有长期生存可能,KPS评分高者预后好,在全身化疗、原发灶放疗及支持治疗的同时转移病灶局部治疗可能延长生存时间.     

初治鼻咽癌合并皮肌炎86例临床配对研究

[目的]分析初治鼻咽癌合并皮肌炎患者的临床特点,探讨其放疗疗效、毒副作用及预后因素。[方法]86例鼻咽癌合并皮肌炎患者和单纯鼻咽癌患者(对照组)进行配对研究,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-Rank检验比较两组生存差异;Mann-WhinetyU检验比较两组急性及晚期放疗反应发生情况;Cox回归模型对合并皮肌炎组进行预后多因素分析。[结果]合并皮肌炎组1、3、5年总生存率分别为86.9%、70.2%、58.1%,对照组分别为96.4%、81.1%、62.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.254,P=0.263)。合并皮肌炎患者使用激素治疗无明显生存获益。合并皮肌炎组患者急性放疗反应较对照组严重(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示性别、年龄、TNM分期、T分期、N分期是影响鼻咽癌合并皮肌炎的预后因素,Cox回归模型分析显示性别、TNM分期、化疗是独立预后因素。[结论]鼻咽癌合并皮肌炎患者疗效与单纯鼻咽癌患者相近,但其放疗急性反应较重;性别、TNM分期、化疗是其预后的独立影响因素。