肝内胆管结石的手术方法选择

本文报告1980～1993年手术治疗肝内胆管结石559例。结石位于左肝230例(41.14％),右肝110例(19.68％),左右肝内均有结石210例(39.18％),合并胆管狭窄245例(43.8％)292处。根据肝内胆管结石状况和病理类型,分别采用不同的手术方法。获1～12年(平均5年半)随访432例。主要手术方法的远期优良率分别为:肝切除95.5％,胆道空肠Roux-en-y扩大吻合89.91%,肝切除加胆管空肠扩大吻合联合手术88.24%,胆管切开配合术中、术后胆道镜取石87.4%。经胆道镜取石的残石率7.28％,未用胆道镜取石的残石率29.17％。文中着重讨论了肝内胆管结石的手术方法选择。作者认为根据不同的结石状况和病理类型,分别选择恰当的手术方法,可望提高肝内胆管结石的远期疗效。     

肝内胆管多发结石98例治疗分析

目的:探讨肝内多发结石并胆管狭窄的治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月～2010年12月共收治并手术治疗肝内多发结石98例,分析术式选择及治疗结果。结果:98例均采用肝段(叶)规则性切除,术中结合胆道镜取石,必要时行胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合,术后残石率明显下降4.08%(4/98)。结论:规则性肝段(叶)切除是治疗肝内胆管多发结石并胆管狭窄的最佳选择;术中辅以胆道镜取石,能明显降低手术的残石率。     

精准肝切除联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石54例

目的:观察精准肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法:回顾分析精准肝切除术联合术中胆管镜治疗肝内胆管结石54例患者的临床资料。结果:54例患者行病变相应的肝叶(段)切除联和术中胆道镜检取石;16例(29.6%)术后结石残留。结石残留的16例患者均行经T管窦道胆道镜取石术,其中14例取净结石,结石取净率为87.5%。54例患者总治愈率为96.3%(52/54),总残余结石率为3.7%(2/54)。结论:精准肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石,术中联合纤维胆道镜有助于术者选择正确的肝切除范围;同时胆道镜术后取石作为一种治疗手段能明显减少结石的残留率;从而有助于提高肝内胆管结石患者的疗效。     

肝切除术在治疗肝内胆管结石中的应用80例分析

目的 探讨肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的方法和疗效.方法 回顾性分析近4年来在笔者所在科施行肝叶切除术的80例肝内胆管结石及狭窄病例的临床资料.结果 80例肝叶/段切除术中,同时行单纯胆总管探查取石+T管引流42例,胆总管探查取石+胆总管/肝总管+空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合10例,肝胆管探查取石+狭窄胆管切开成形+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合7例,肝胆管探查取石+胆总管+十二指肠吻合2例.66例(82.5%)获得6个月～4年的随访,术后残余结石12例(15.0%),经胆道镜取净7例.术后发生膈下脓肿3例,胆瘘7例,肺部感染3例,伤口感染11例,上消化道出血2例,均经积极非手术治疗痊愈.全组无手术死亡.结论 针对肝内胆管结石的原发病灶合理选择肝叶/段切除术,可有效解除狭窄、畅通引流,降低术后残石率及胆管炎的发生率,是治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的理想方法.     

肝切除术在治疗肝内胆管结石中的应用(附80例报告)

目的探讨肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析近4年来在我科施行肝叶切除术的80例肝内胆管结石及狭窄病例的临床资料。结果80例肝叶/段切除术中,同时行单纯胆总管探查取石+T管引流42例,胆总管探查取石+胆总管/肝总管-空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合10例,肝胆管探查取石+狭窄胆管切开成形+胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合7例,肝胆管探查取石+胆总管-十二指肠吻合2例。66例(82.5%)获得6个月～4年的随访,术后残余结石12例(15.0%),经胆道镜取净7例。术后发生膈下脓肿3例,胆瘘7例,肺部感染3例,伤口感染11例,上消化道出血2例,均经积极非手术治疗痊愈。全组无手术死亡。结论针对肝内胆管结石的原发病灶合理选择肝叶/段切除术,可有效解除狭窄、畅通引流,降低术后残石率及胆管炎的发生率,是治疗肝内胆管结石及狭窄的理想方法。     

手术治疗肝内胆管结石68例疗效观察

目的探讨手术治疗肝内胆管结石的适宜方法及其疗效。方法该院于2002年7月～2007年12月共收治肝内胆管结石患者68例,施行肝叶（段）切除术13例,肝门胆管切开取石＋高位胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术15例,肝叶（段）切除＋胆管空肠Roux-en-y吻合术9例,单纯胆总管切开取石＋T管引流术31例,术中胆道镜取石21例、术后胆道镜取石13例。结果术后有61例获得6个月～3年随访,其中优30例,良24例,差7例,优良率88.5%,术后残余结石11例（16.2%）,经术后胆道镜结合液电碎石治愈10例,再次手术1例,胆瘘2例,伤口感染3例,膈下脓肿1例,均经非手术治疗痊愈。未发生手术死亡。结论肝叶（段）切除＋胆肠吻合引流术或T管引流术＋术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石能提高疗效、降低残石率、减少并发症,术后胆道镜取石是治疗胆道残石的重要措施。     

肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石疗效分析

目的探讨分析肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石的临床效果。方法对我院采用肝切除术联合术中胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石86例的疗效进行分析。结果肝切除术后有残余结石27例,结石残余率为31.40%(27/86);术中胆道镜残余结石总取净率为81.48%(22/27)。86例患者胆道镜取石后3例出现发热,无其他并发症。本组中80例术后获得随访,随访时间6～72个月。其中优56例(70.00%),良23例(28.75%),差1例(1.25%),优良率达98.75%。结论肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石疗效确切,术中行胆道镜检查可以发现术中遗留的肝内胆管结石,联合取石可有效降低外科手术结石残余率。     

以肝段切除为主的联合手术治疗肝内胆管结石的体会

目的:探讨肝内胆管结石外科治疗的方法,旨在提高该病的治疗水平.方法:回顾性分析近13年来112例行以肝段切除为主的联合手术治疗的肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料.结果:术后围手术期死亡2例(1.7%),其他并发症11例(9.8%):肺部感染3例(2.6%),胆漏6例(5.3%),膈下脓肿2例(1.7%).全组随访时间0.5～8.2年,95例无自觉症状(84.8%),7例(6.2%)有胆道感染表现,4例(3.5%)于Ⅰ或Ⅶ段仍有残余结石,6例(5.3%)于术后2～5年出现结石复发.结论:肝内胆管结石患者应采用肝段(叶)切除联合高位胆管切开取石、肝胆管空肠吻合手术,并配合术中纤维胆道镜及术中B超定位取石,有利于提高疗效.     

手术治疗肝内胆管结石65例临床分析

目的探讨治疗肝内胆管结石的手术方法及其临床效果。方法全组65例。中央型结石17例,周围型结石12例,局限型结石26例,弥漫型10例;合并肝胆管狭窄40例(61.5%),共施行肝叶(段)切除术27例,肝门胆管切开取石 高位胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术17例,肝叶(段)切除 胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术21例。结果术后有60例获得6个月～5年随访,优32例,良21例,差7例,优良率88.3%,术后残余结石12例(18.5%),经术后胆道镜结合液电碎石治愈10例,再次手术2例,胆漏3例,伤口感染5例,膈下脓肿2例,均经非手术治疗痊愈。未发生手术死亡。结论肝叶(段)切除联合胆肠吻合引流术或T管引流术治疗肝内胆管结石能提高疗效、降低残石率、减少并发症,术后胆道镜取石是治疗胆道残石的重要手段。     

肝内胆管结石的外科治疗

目的 探讨肝内胆管结石的外科治疗经验.方法 对我院1995年2月至2007年5月收治186例肝内胆管结石患者的临界床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 主要手术方式:胆管切开取石外引流术57例(30.6%),胆管切开取石空肠内引流58例(31.2%),肝叶或肝段切除加胆道内引流术40例(21.5%).手术并发症共19例,发生率为10.2%,总死亡率为(2.7%).结论 肝叶(段)切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的极重要的外科手段,术后应用胆道镜取石,能有效地降低结石复发率.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.