急诊经导管动脉栓塞治疗医源性肝动脉出血

目的探讨医源性肝动脉出血的急诊肝动脉造影表现及经导管动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗的疗效。方法对38例医源性肝动脉出血患者行急诊肝动脉造影,确定出血动脉后,以明胶海绵、PVA颗粒和弹簧圈进行急诊栓塞治疗;对其急诊肝动脉造影表现及TAE疗效进行回顾性分析。结果 38例中,21例肝动脉造影可见对比剂外溢,5例肝动静脉瘘,9例肝动脉假性动脉瘤,3例肝动脉假性动脉瘤合并肝动静脉瘘。急诊TAE后38例出血均停止,总有效率为100%(38/38)。1例术后10天复发出血,再次栓塞治疗后出血停止。随访12个月,所有患者均无肝脏坏死及异位栓塞等严重并发症发生。结论急诊TAE治疗医源性肝动脉出血安全、有效。     

经导管动脉栓塞术治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发假性动脉瘤破裂出血

目的探讨经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)在重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)并发假性动脉瘤破裂出血中的应用价值。方法对13例SAP并发假性动脉瘤破裂出血患者行TAE,分析假性动脉瘤DSA表现及栓塞情况。结果 13例SAP患者共并发15个假性动脉瘤,包括感染性假性动脉瘤13个、腐蚀性假性动脉瘤2个。6个(6/15,40.00%)假性动脉瘤的责任动脉为脾动脉,5个(5/15,33.33%)为肠系膜上动脉,2个(2/15,13.33%)为胃十二指肠动脉,1个(1/15,6.67%)为肠系膜下动脉,1个(1/15,6.67%)为胃网膜右动脉(1/15,6.67%)。TAE治疗技术成功率为93.33%(14/15)。1例(1个假性动脉瘤)TAE术后出现脾脓肿,经穿刺引流及抗感染好转。感染性假性动脉瘤患者死亡率为45.45%(5/11),腐蚀性假性动脉瘤无死亡患者。TAE术后复发出血率为15.38%(2/13)。结论 TAE是治疗SAP并发假性动脉瘤破裂出血的有效方法。     

肝胆胰术后迟发性出血的诊治分析

目的 探讨肝胆胰术后迟发性出血的原因和诊断治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析宁夏回族自治区人民医院2015年1月至2022年3月收治的13例肝胆胰腺术后出血患者的临床资料和诊治方法,总结其出血的原因和治疗经验。结果 13例患者均有失血性休克临床表现,其中8例为消化道出血：7例为肝动脉分支假性动脉瘤破裂,1例为胆道出血;5例腹腔出血。13例患者动脉造影明确出血部位后行出血部位动脉栓塞治疗,12例出血停止痊愈。另1例患者动脉栓塞治疗失败后,行开腹行肝右动脉结扎止血术后止血。结论 假性动脉瘤形成、胰漏和腹腔感染是肝胆胰患者术后迟发性出血的主要原因。血管造影术是诊断患者术后出血重要的检查方法,动脉栓塞术是治疗术后出血的有效方法。     

腹腔镜结合介入栓塞治疗胃十二指肠动脉瘤一例

1930年Starlinger报道了胃十二指肠动脉的动脉瘤[1] 。但国内外报道的例数很少。胃十二指肠动脉的动脉瘤约占腹腔动脉瘤的 10 % ,其发生常与长期的胰腺炎有关。最常见的症状是腹痛和急性上消化道出血 ,个别可出现黄疸[2 ] 。我们利用介入栓塞结合腹腔镜下肝总动脉结扎处理胃十二指肠动脉动脉瘤一例 ,现报告如下。临床资料患者 ,女 ,5 0岁。主因查体发现肝动脉占位 1个月后入院。曾于 1个月前在当地医院查体行腹部B超检查 ,提示为“肝动脉占位性病变” ,但无自觉症状。复查B超 :胰头上方与肝门之间见一形态欠规则的囊实性病灶 ,大小 5 2cm…     

椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法探讨

目的：探讨椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法与策略。方法33例患者经全脑血管造影术证实为椎基底动脉分支大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉与小脑后下动脉之远端动脉瘤,分别为8例、6例、9例、10例。其中血管内栓塞治疗29例,直接行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术2例,数字减影血管造影（DSA）与磁共振成像（MRI）三维影像融合数据输入神经导航,在神经导航指引下行开颅动脉瘤灼闭手术1例,1例因血管内栓塞治疗失败未进行手术治疗。结果所有病例无手术相关死亡,2例患者行弹簧圈栓塞术,术后1 d 患者再出血死亡,1例栓塞未成功又未行手术患者病情好转出院,余30例患者未发生术后再出血。结论椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤多数手术治疗难度大,应首选血管内栓塞治疗。     

经导管动脉栓塞治疗胰十二指肠切除术后晚期出血

目的 观察经导管动脉栓塞(TAE)治疗胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后晚期(术后7天以上)出血的效果。方法 回顾性收集12例因PD术后晚期出血而接受TAE并存在C级胰瘘患者,观察血管造影表现,记录栓塞方法及其效果、TAE后并发症及其后2周胰瘘变化等。结果 12例中,6例存在假性动脉瘤,其中3例见于肝固有动脉或肝总动脉、3例见于胃十二指肠动脉;6例消化道出血,3例来源于胰十二指肠下动脉、3例源自胃十二指肠动脉假性动脉瘤。对6例以弹簧圈、6例以弹簧圈+明胶海绵颗粒进行栓塞;12例均有效止血,治疗后均未再发出血。TAE后4例发热(最高体温39.1℃)、2例腹痛;5例肝功能损伤主要表现为转氨酶升高;均经对症治疗后好转。TAE后2周,5例胰瘘分级降为B级、3例降为A级(即生化瘘),4例仍见C级胰瘘。结论 以单一弹簧圈或联合明胶海绵颗粒行TAE治疗PD术后晚期出血安全、有效,且能促进胰瘘愈合。     

内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨内脏动脉瘤的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2010年6月收治的19例内脏动脉瘤患者外科治疗的临床资料,包括脾动脉瘤7例、肝右动脉瘤1例、胃左动脉瘤1例、胰十二指肠动脉瘤3例、胃十二指肠动脉瘤2例、肠系膜上动脉瘤、结肠中动脉瘤和左结肠动脉瘤各1例、肾动脉瘤2例。其中破裂12例。按照手术方式分为两组,介入栓塞治疗组13例,开放手术组6例。结果 4例栓塞后再出血,2例行手术探查止血、2例行二次栓塞后都得以成功止血。8例动脉瘤破裂伴休克患者术后均停止出血。1例胰十二指肠动脉瘤栓塞后出现十二指肠不全梗阻。2例脾动脉瘤患者术后出现部分脾梗死。术后随访18例,随访2 ～ 103个月,无动脉瘤复发。结论 以支配脏器和动脉解剖的特点作为内脏动脉瘤选择手术方案的主要依据。腔内治疗和开放手术在治疗内脏动脉瘤方面均有效,而对于假性动脉瘤破裂患者,腔内治疗效果满意。     

胆道出血的介入诊断与治疗(附3例报告)

目的　探讨介入在诊断与治疗胆道大出血中的应用价值。　方法　对 2例肝外伤手术后及 1例胆道结石手术后多次胆道大出血病人采用Seldinger技术行肠系膜上动脉及肝动脉插管DSA检查 ,显示胆道出血血管的部位、出血分布、假性动脉瘤及动静脉瘘形成情况 ,然后用微导管插管至出血血管分支 ,应用NBCA、PVA颗粒、明胶海绵及弹簧钢圈选择性栓塞。　结果　 2例为弥漫性出血 ,1例为局限性出血 ,2例有假性动脉瘤形成 ,1例有肝动脉 -门静脉瘘形成。栓塞后造影显示出血血管成功栓塞 ,出血症状迅速停止。　结论　介入是胆道大出血诊断与治疗的有效措施。     

经导管栓塞治疗胆道出血

10例胆道出血(Hemobilia)患者均经血管造影证实,其中5例为肝动脉瘤,3例肝血管瘤,1例肝动脉外伤性假性动脉瘤和1例医源性(肝穿刺活检)肝动脉损伤致胆道出血。10例中除1例未作栓塞治疗,行肝动脉结扎术,术后仍出血死亡外,其余9例均采用经导管肝动脉栓塞术取得满意的止血效果。证明TAE是治疗胆道出血的一种及时、有效的方法。对胆道出血的血管造影表现、栓塞治疗的适应证、栓塞剂的选择和栓塞治疗的并发症进行了讨论。     

肝动脉瘤4例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨肝动脉瘤（hepatic artery aneurysms,HAAs）的常见病因、临床特点及诊治方法,以期为临床提供参考,避免漏诊、误诊.方法 对我院2008-2013年收治的4例肝动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果 本组4例中有3例发生动脉瘤破裂出血,为肝内型肝动脉瘤,另l例为肝外型肝动脉瘤,均经数字减影血管造影（DSA）术确诊,并行经导管动脉栓塞术（TAE）治疗,均获得成功,疗效确切,无死亡病例.结论 肝动脉瘤并发破裂出血,病情危急,治疗上首选经导管动脉栓塞术,该方法微创、安全且疗效确切,可重复栓塞.     

内脏动脉瘤诊治经验

目的　探讨内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法　对 71例内脏动脉瘤的诊断和治疗进行回顾性总结。结果　 71例内脏动脉瘤中包括脾动脉瘤 2 2例 ,肝动脉瘤 16例 ,腹腔干动脉瘤 4例 ,胃、胰十二指肠动脉瘤 13例 ,肠系膜上、下动脉瘤分别为 6例和 1例 ,网膜动脉瘤 3例 ,肾动脉瘤 6例。本组自发性破裂大出血 2 9例 ,其中破裂入胆道 14例 ,上消化道 10例 ,腹腔及腹膜后 5例。术前经内脏动脉造影确诊 (包括DSA) 4 2例 ,螺旋CT血管造影 (SCTA)证实 14例 ,经核磁共振血管造影 (MRA)确诊 4例。手术治疗 5 8例 ,死亡 9例 ;动脉栓塞治疗 7例。结论　内脏动脉瘤术前临床诊断极为困难。DSA、SCTA和MRA具有诊断价值。一旦确诊 ,应尽早手术治疗。     

Splenic artery aneurysms: methods of laparoscopic repair.

PURPOSE: Surgical therapy for splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) has traditionally consisted of a laparotomy with resection of the aneurysm and possibly a splenectomy. Our early experience with the laparoscopic approach to treat SAAs is reported. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of SAAs at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation from May 1996 to August 1997. RESULTS: Four patients with SAAs, three women and one man, with an average age of 55 years (range, 37 to 63 years), underwent successful laparoscopic SAA repair. The average size of the aneurysm was 3.2 cm (range, 2.5 to 5.0 cm). Three patients underwent an aneurysm resection, whereas one patient underwent simple ligation. Intraoperative ultrasound scanning with Doppler was used in three cases as a means of localizing the aneurysm and identifying all feeding vessels; the complete cessation of flow within the aneurysm in the case in which the feeding vessels were simply ligated was also documented. The average intraoperative time was 150 minutes (range, 100 to 190 minutes). The mean estimated blood loss was 105 mL (range, 20 to 300 mL). There were no intraoperative complications. The average hospital stay was 2.2 days (range, 1 to 4 days). CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic approach to splenic artery aneurysm by aneurysmectomy or splenic artery ligation can be safe and effective. The laparoscopic approach affords a short hospital stay and an effective result.     

Laparoscopic left hepatectomy with tumor thrombectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma concomitant with advanced portal vein tumor thrombus

Background

Although laparoscopic hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery has been widely adopted, use of laparoscopic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with advanced portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is uncommon because of the complications involved.

Methods

From June 2010 through November 2013, 200 laparoscopic hepatectomies were performed. We report the short-term outcome of laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC with advanced PVTT in 3 patients. Video presentation is a demonstration of the operative procedures employed in Case 3. In this case, the left hepatic artery and left hepatic duct were divided before tumor thrombectomy, and the bifurcation of the portal vein was clearly visible.

Results

Three female patients with HCC concomitant with PVTT in the portal trunk or the opposite branch underwent laparoscopic left hepatectomy with tumor thrombectomy using a laparoscopy-assisted technique (1 patient) or pure laparoscopic technique (2 patients). The median operative time was 592 min (range, 555–891 min), and median estimated blood loss was 1182 ml (range, minimal amount–4800 ml). The median length of hospital stay was 19 days (range, 9–22 days), and there was no postoperative mortality. In Case 1, recurrent tumors developed in the residual lobe after curative resection, and the patient died 10 months after the surgery despite treatment with sorafenib and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. In Case 2, the patient survived for 10 months after curative resection without tumor recurrence. In Case 3, the patient was treated with sorafenib 1 month after palliative resection; she survived for 4 postoperative months, during which decreased tumor marker levels were observed.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC with advanced PVTT is a safe and feasible procedure in selected patients, when performed by surgeons with expertise in hepatic surgery and minimally invasive techniques. Although these patients cannot be cured by surgery alone, early adjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic surgery might contribute to a good outcome.     

Laparoscopic resection of a proximal splenic artery aneurysm

The usual treatment for splenic artery aneurysm is resection under laparotomy. In recent years, the laparoscopic approach has consisted of ligation without resection. More recently,laparoscopic resection was reported by the Cleveland Clinic. In this paper, we describe the technique used in the laparoscopic resection of our first case of laparoscopic resection of splenic artery aneurysm (SAA). The patient was a young woman with a 12-mm SAA discovered on systematic abdominal ultrasound. The laparoscopic procedure was done successfully, and the aneurysm was resected using an ultrasonic dissector. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the 3rd postoperative day. Pathological examination revealed the atherosclerotic origin of the aneurysm. The patient is doing well 12 months after surgery, with normal splanchnic Doppler ultrasound. This procedure offers a one-step definitive cure via a minimally invasive surgical procedure.     

选择性左肝动脉结扎在腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用

目的:探讨选择性左肝动脉结扎用于腹腔镜肝切除术的可行性。方法:回顾分析2008年10月至2009年7月我院为19例左肝内外胆管结石、血管瘤患者行腹腔镜肝切除术中行选择性左肝动脉结扎的临床资料。结果:19例手术均获成功,术中出血20~200ml,平均80ml,手术时间90~420min,平均240min,术后住院4~9d,平均5.9d,术后病理示无恶变,无肝脏衰竭、出血、胆漏及膈下脓肿等并发症发生。结论:腹腔镜左肝切除术中选择性左肝动脉结扎术能减少术中出血,安全可行。     

Management of spontaneous bleeding due to hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous rupture is a life-threatening complication of HCC, occurring in 4.8-26% of cases. Liver failure is the main cause of death. Debates still remain on the most appropriate treatment in such patients because of the high operative mortality of emergency surgery and the high risk of rebleeding and less satisfying mid- and long-term results of nonoperative procedures like angiographic embolization. Early and long-term results of a surgically oriented treatment, based on prompt evaluation of the functional liver reserve and tumor resectability was retrospectively review-ed. METHODS: From January 1994 to December 2000, 11 patients (7 males and 4 female, mean age 66.2 (11.86 years) were treated for ruptured HCC, in 10 cases involving a cirrhotic liver. Seven patients underwent emergency surgery and 4 patients transcutaneous arterial embolization (TAE). Liver resection was performed in patients with preserved liver function, after ultrasonography and/or CT scan demonstrated hemoperitoneum and a single resectable liver tumour (5 cases). In one patient with cirrhosis, ultrasonography showed only hemoperitoneum. A bleeding nodule was discovered intraoperatively and resected in a liver with a multinodular HCC. Another patient under-went emergency resection after referral at our Unit with a surgical packing. In 4 cases with poor liver function and/or unresectable tumour TAE of the neoplasm was performed, in one case after surgical packing. Mortality, morbidity and patients survival after treatment were analyzed. All patients had at least 1 year follow-up. RESULTS: All patients underwent minor resection; 2 left lobectomies, 1 segmentectomy (VII), 1 bisegmentectomy (VII-VIII), and 3 wedge resections. Postoperative course was complicated by ascites in 5 cases and subphrenic abscess in one case. Four patients died 3, 4, 6 and 62 months after surgery; 3 patients are actually alive 22, 25, and 89 months after surgery. Four patients were submitted to TAE: all patients died within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: When ruptured HCC is suspected, preserved liver function (Child A-B7) and a resectable hepatic tumour are considered clear indications to surgery. Emergency liver resection achieved good early and long-term results. In cases of advanced liver disease or multinodular HCC a non-operative approach, like TAE, must be attempted. Surgical direct hemostasis or hepatic artery ligation must be reserved for patients with uncontrollable o recurrent bleeding after TAE.     

重症急性胰腺炎胰源性门静脉高压并发消化道出血5例诊治体会

目的总结重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)胰源性门静脉高压并发消化道出血的病因、诊断和治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2002年11月至2004年11月间5例SAP胰源性门静脉高压并发消化道出血病人的临床资料,统计分析发生出血时间、出血量,治疗方法采用经导管动脉(出血处)栓塞术(TAE)止血,再行脾切除术治疗。结果出血多发生在SAP发病后6~8周,出血量平均1800mL。治疗采用TAE加脾动脉栓塞,均获暂时止血效果,2例复发出血病例再次栓塞,1例成功,1例死亡。存活的4例均行脾切除术后治愈。结论胰源性门静脉高压并发消化道出血是SAP后期少见并发症,选择性动脉造影是诊断胰源性门静脉高压的首选方法;对合并消化道大出血病人,TAE加脾动脉栓塞为首选治疗方法;胰源性门静脉高压最有效的治疗是脾切除术。     

Successful treatment of hepatic artery aneurysm with erosion into the common duct.

A patient with an hepatic artery aneurysm is presented with preoperative angiographs, and intra-operative photographs demonstrating erosion and fistulazation into the common duct. The aneurysm was ligated and excised, and the erosion of the common duct was treated successfully with a Roux-en-Y choledochoduodenstomy. This is the fourth case with erosion into the common duct to be treated successfully by surgery. The other three cases are discussed. A review of the literature reveals that hepatic artery aneurysms are rare, and successful treatment is based on several different techniques. Ligation of the hepatic artery, with or without excision of the aneurysm, is discussed as a method that may in fact be the safest treatment in a group of patients who because of their disease are already in a high risk category.     

Surgical management of hepatic vein occlusion by tumor: Budd-Chiari syndrome.

We report new operative approaches to the treatment of hepatic vein occlusion due to malignant tumors in the liver and their results in four patients. Two patients had hepatoma, one had metastatic melanoma, and one had metastatic leiomyosarcoma. All of them had abdominal pain, abdominal distention secondary to ascites, and massive hepatomegaly. The right lobe and medial segment of the left lobe of the liver were involved in three patients, and the involvement was diffuse throughout the liver in one. Hepatic veins were occluded completely in one patient, and two of three veins were occluded in the others. Two patients were treated by hepatic resection and removal of tumor thrombus from the hepatic vein under isolation-perfusion technique. They lived 18 and six months, respectively, without recurrence of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Tumors in the other patients were diffuse and could not be resected. The hepatic artery was ligated and chemotherapy was given postoperatively. Ascites and abdominal pain disappeared completely in one, who survived 17 months. The other patient had significant palliation and lived nine months.     

Evaluation of a distal pericallosal aneurysm visualized with 3-dimensional digital subtraction angiography: case report and treatment implications

BACKGROUND: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard in the evaluation of cerebrovascular structures. Recently, 3-dimensional DSA (3D-DSA) has been increasingly used to obtain detailed information about the morphology and dimensions of intracranial aneurysms. We report the case of a patient who presented with a distal pericallosal artery aneurysm, which appeared by 2D imaging to be a fusiform, possible mycotic aneurysm. This was then revealed to be a saccular bifurcation aneurysm by 3D-DSA. This additional information changed the treatment plan for this patient from medical management to a surgical approach. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient is a 56-year-old man with a history of hypertension and alcohol abuse with withdrawal seizures, who presented with a large intracranial hemorrhage on initial computed tomography scan. After stabilization with intracranial pressure management, the patient underwent magnetic resonance angiography and 4-vessel DSA. These initial studies showed a distal, fusiform pericallosal aneurysm consistent with a mycotic aneurysm. Rotational DSA was then used to generate 3D images of the structure that revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm. This enabled the decision to offer operative treatment rather than conservative medical management. DISCUSSION: This report highlights the value of 3D-DSA in establishing the appropriate treatment plan for patients with unique cerebral aneurysms. The higher resolution images used in this case provided information that was crucial in shifting the treatment focus from medical management, for what appeared to be a mycotic aneurysm by traditional DSA, to surgical intervention, for a clear hemodynamic aneurysm at a vessel bifurcation seen with 3D-DSA. Accurate pre-interventional evaluation and differential diagnosis are critical to designing the most effective lowest risk treatment plan. The standard method in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms has been DSA. Yet, higher resolution images of unclear or high-risk aneurysms are often required to guide clinical decision making. The emergence of new, less invasive endovascular techniques for securing intracranial aneurysms has placed greater emphasis on precisely defining the shape and dimensions of an aneurysm. Three-dimensional DSA is currently the highest resolution imaging modality available for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms. CONCLUSION: 3D-DSA was used to evaluate a small, distal pericallosal artery aneurysm and revealed a saccular bifurcation aneurysm not visualized with magnetic resonance angiography and conventional DSA. This additional resolution permitted the team to consider a surgical approach for a patient who would otherwise have been treated medically. This high-resolution technique is particularly useful in guiding clinical decision making in the context of aneurysms that carry a relatively broad differential diagnosis, potentially high interventional risk, and unclear morphology.