急性冠状动脉综合征患者NT-proBNP界值点的意义

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者氨基末端B型钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)界值点的意义。方法采用Roche Modu lar E170全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪测定292例住院患者入院时血清NT-proBNP水平,记录随访10个月间患者再次发生主要不良心血管事件的情况。应用受试者工作特征曲线确定NT-proBNP水平截断点,根据该值将患者危险分层分为高危组(141例)和低危组(151例)。结果血清NT-proBNP水平危险分层的最佳截断点取608 ng/L,其敏感性为81.3%,特异性为61.7%。高危组中发生不良心血管事件54例(38.3%),无事件者为87例(61.7%);而低危组中发生不良心血管事件11例(7.3%)、无事件者为140例(92.7%)。高危组预后情况较低危组更差[P<0.001,相对危险度(RR):5.25,95%可信区间(CI):2.60~10.59]。结论血清NT-proBNP水平对ACS患者危险分层的最佳截断点为608 ng/L。     

维持性血液透析患者心血管疾病死亡的危险因素分析

目的探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者心血管疾病(CVD)死亡的危险因素。方法选取MHD患者452例,测定患者透析前的总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(apo A1)、载脂蛋白B(apo B)、脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、氨基末端B型钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(c Tn I)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平。依据MHD患者是否合并CVD死亡事件分为CVD死亡组和未死亡组,分析MHD患者CVD死亡的危险因素。结果在MHD患者中CVD死亡组NT-proBNP、hs-CRP水平高于未死亡组(P0.05),TC、LDL-C水平低于未死亡组(P0.05),其他指标2个组之间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,NT-proBNP及hs-CRP是MHD患者CVD死亡的独立危险因素[比值比(OR)=5.698,95%可信区间(CI)1.908~17.014,P=0.002;OR=3.653,95%CI 1.249~10.165,P=0.018]。结论 MHD患者相关CVD死亡危险因素与普通人群不同。NT-proBNP和hs-CRP可能是MHD患者CVD死亡的独立危险因素。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者NT-proBNP界值点的意义

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者氨基末端B型钠尿肽原（NT-proBNP）界值点的意义。方法采用Roche Modu lar E170全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪测定292例住院患者入院时血清NT-proBNP水平,记录随访10个月间患者再次发生主要不良心血管事件的情况。应用受试者工作特征曲线确定NT-proBNP水平截断点,根据该值将患者危险分层分为高危组（141例）和低危组（151例）。结果血清NT-proBNP水平危险分层的最佳截断点取608 ng/L,其敏感性为81.3%,特异性为61.7%。高危组中发生不良心血管事件54例（38.3%）,无事件者为87例（61.7%）;而低危组中发生不良心血管事件11例（7.3%）、无事件者为140例（92.7%）。高危组预后情况较低危组更差[P〈0.001,相对危险度（RR）：5.25,95%可信区间（CI）：2.60-10.59]。结论血清NT-proBNP水平对ACS患者危险分层的最佳截断点为608 ng/L。     

NT-proBN P和cTnI联合检测对老年髋部骨折患者在围术期发生MACE的预测价值

目的探讨氨基末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)联合检测对老年髋部骨折患者在围术期发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法采集296例老年髋部骨折手术患者,年龄超过60岁,入院后2h内采取静脉血检测血浆NT-proBNP和cTnI水平,术后随访30d监测期间发生MACE的情况,根据NT-proBNP和cTnI水平分为NT-proBNP低危组,NT-proBNP高危组,NT-proBNP和cTnI高危组,采用单因素方差分析比较各组患者术后30dMACE发生率。结果 NT-proBNP高危组MACE发生率明显高于NT-proBNP低危组(P0.05);NT-proBNP和cTnI高危组MACE发生率明显高于NTproBNP低危组和NT-proBNP高危组(P0.05)。结论血浆高水平NT-proBNP对老年髋部骨折患者在术后30d发生MACE的风险具有较好的预测价值,联合cTnI检测,可进一步提高NT-proBNP对老年髋部骨折患者在围术期发生MACE的预测价值。     

高敏C反应蛋白和血浆N末端原脑钠肽对老年心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和血浆N末端原脑钠肽(NT-proBNP)对老年慢性心力衰竭住院患者预后的影响。方法选择60例慢性心力衰竭的老年人,按照NYHA分级,分为心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级三个亚组,分别测定hs-CRP和NT-proBNP,比较组间的hs-CRP和NT-proBNP变化。再根据住院期间心血管事件发生(急性冠脉综合征、心力衰竭反复加重、死亡)与否,分为心血管事件组和非心血管事件组。比较组间的hs-CRP和NTproBNP的变化。结果心功能Ⅳ、Ⅲ级患者与心功能Ⅱ级患者比较hs-CRP明显升高(P0.05),NT-proBNP明显升高(P0.05)。心血管事件组和非心血管事件组比较,心血管事件组的hs-CRP和NT-proBNP高于非心血管事件组(P0.05)。结论 hs-CRP和NT-proBNP影响老年慢性心力衰竭住院患者的预后,随着心功能级别的加重,免疫炎症反应加剧,心血管事件也在增加。     

NT-proBNP联合Hcy对老年CHF患者主要不良心脏事件的预测价值

目的探讨氨基末端B型尿钠肽原(NT-proBNP)联合血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)检测对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的诊断价值以及对主要不良心脏事件(MACE)的预测价值。方法检测320例老年慢性心力衰竭患者(CHF组)治疗前(入院时)及治疗1周后、350名体检健康者(正常对照组)血清NT-proBNP和Hcy水平。CHF组出院时再次检测NT-proBNP和Hcy,根据这2项指标是否在参考区间内分为持续组(高于参考区间)和缓解组(在参考区间内),并随访18个月,统计2个组MACE的发生情况,比较MACE组与非MACE组NT-proBNP和Hcy水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析和受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估NT-proBNP和Hcy判断老年CHF患者18个月内发生MACE的预测价值。结果 CHF组NT-proBNP和Hcy水平明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),且随着心功能分级的升高而升高(P0.01)。CHF组治疗后NT-proBNP和Hcy水平明显低于治疗前(P0.01)。随访结果显示CHF患者中持续组MACE发生率(46.55%)明显高于缓解组(14.32%,P0.01)。Logistic回归分析及ROC曲线分析显示NT-proBNP和Hcy水平联合检测对MACE的预测价值更高。结论联合检测NT-proBNP和Hcy水平有助于老年CHF的诊断和预后评估。     

血清前白蛋白、胱抑素C和D-二聚体水平对超出NT-proBNP检测上限的心力衰竭患者预后的影响

目的 探讨血清前白蛋白(PA)、胱抑素C和D-二聚体水平对超出N末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)检测上限的心力衰竭患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性选取2018年1月至2020年12月入住衡水市人民医院治疗的超出NT-proBNP检测上限的心力衰竭患者126例。住院期间及出院后30 d随访,以是否发生全因死亡、心衰加重再出院事件将患者分为心血管事件组(n=36)与非事件组(n=90)。观察两组患者血清前白蛋白、胱抑素C及D-二聚体水平。采用二元Logistic回归分析影响心血管事件的危险因素;通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析前白蛋白、胱抑素C和D-二聚体对发生心血管事件的预测价值。结果 心血管事件组患者的血清前白蛋白水平为(126.72±61.49)mg/L,明显低于非事件组[(209.41±65.02)mg/L],胱抑素C、D-二聚体水平分别为(2.70±0.90)mg/L、(2.74±1.02)mg/L FEU,均明显高于非事件组[(1.72±0.60)mg/L、(1.67±0.81)mg/L FEU],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元Logistic显示,前白...     

hs-CRP、NT-proBNP预测急性冠脉综合征患者PCI术后发生心血管事件的价值

[目的]探讨高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、氨基酸末端B型脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)预测急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后发生心血管事件的价值.[方法]选取2018年1月至2020年8月本院收治的210例ACS患者,根据术后1年是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)将其分为观察组(术后发生MACE,n=77)和对照组(术后未发生MACE,n=133).比较两组患者实验室指标及心功能,分析血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平与GRACE评分的相关性,并分析影响ACS患者术后发生MACE的相关因素.[结果]观察组血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平及GRACE评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).Pearson相关分析显示,血清hs-CRP、NT-proBNP水平与GRACE评分均呈正相关(r分别为0.403、0.433,均P<0.05).Logistic回归分析显示,hs-CRP、NT-proBNP及GRACE评分是ACS患者发生MACE的影响因素(均P<0.05).[结论]hs-CRP、NT-proBNP对ACS患者发生MACE有一定的预测价值.     

血浆NT-proBNP水平与老年髋部骨折患者院内死亡风险的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)与老年髋部骨折患者院内死亡风险的相关性。方法回顾性选取2010年3月至2017年10月收治的老年髋部骨折患者110例,在患者入院当天检测血浆NT-proBNP水平,并记录院内预后情况。根据预后分成死亡组与生存组,比较两组临床特征。通过绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血浆NT-proBNP对老年髋部骨折死亡的预测价值,明确最佳截断值,采用Logistic回归分析明确院内死亡的独立危险因素。结果在110例老年髋部骨折患者中,死亡23例(20.91%),生存87例(79.09%),23例死亡患者伤后平均生存时间为(10.18±3.16)d。生存组保守治疗、合并心肌损害、受伤7 d后治疗占比低于死亡组,且生存组血浆NTproBNP水平低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。血浆NT-proBNP预测患者院内死亡的曲线下面积为0.885,以大于最佳截断值347.503 pg/L时死亡风险更高。经Logistic回归分析发现合并心肌损害、治疗时机(受伤7 d后治疗)、治疗方式(保守治疗)以及血浆NT-proBNP(347.503 pg/L)是老年髋部骨折患者院内死亡的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论血浆NT-proBNP对老年髋部骨折患者院内死亡风险具有一定预测价值,且它是患者院内死亡的独立危险因素。血浆NT-proBNP水平越高,死亡风险越大,二者呈正相关。     

血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体/胆碱酯酶比值评估危重患者预后的临床价值

目的探讨血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)与血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)浓度比值对评估危重患者病情及预后的价值。方法对150例ICU危重患者在入院24h内进行急性生理学及慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,测定NT-proBNP及CHE浓度,计算NT-proBNP/CHE,并采集年龄、性别、既往病史、ICU入住时间、是否为脓毒症、预后等基本资料。根据预后分为死亡组和存活组,分析APACHEⅡ评分、NT-proBNP/CHE与病情及预后关系。结果死亡组APACHEⅡ评分、NTproBNP,NT-proBNP/CHE高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);NT-proBNP,NT-proBNP/CHE与APACHEⅡ评分具有相关性(r=0.186,P0.05;r=0.181,P0.05);单因素Logistic分析发现危重患者病死率与患者高血压病史、ICU入住时间、APACHEHⅡ评分、NT-proBNP水平、NT-proBNP/CHE相关(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归显示,APACHEⅡ评分、NTproBNP/CHE是影响为危患者病死率的独立危险因素(P0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别是0.709、0.801。结论危重患者NT-proBNP/CHE比值可以作为病情评估和预后判断方面的指标,具有一定的临床价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.