213例放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率的分析

测定２１３例放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率，结果：≥４‰者有６５人（正常人淋巴细胞微核率范围为０－３‰），微核细胞率最高达１０‰，放射组与对照组有显著性差异；微核细胞率随放射工龄增加而增加，５年以下工龄组与其它各工龄组均有显著性差异；放射诊断组与综合性应用组有显著性差异；提示，放射诊断组人员应进一步改善防护设施，加强自身防护。     

云浮市医用诊断X射线工作者淋巴细胞微核检测结果分析

目的 分析云浮市医用诊断X射线放射工作者外周血淋巴细胞微核率检测结果,了解全市医用诊断X射线放射防护情况。方法 采用χ²检验进行统计,对全市医用诊断X射线机放射工作机房的控制室观察窗、控制室防护门、照片机房(候诊)防护门进行检测,并对放射工作者年龄在25~55岁、放射工龄5~35a的进行外周血淋巴细胞微核率检测。结果 县级以上医院X射线机房防护优于乡镇卫生院,但不管级别医院放射工作者淋巴细胞微核率和微核细胞率无明显差异,随放射工龄的增加微核率和微核细胞率明显增加。结论 放射工作人员机体受照射的损伤程度与X射线机机房射线防护有关,并与接触射线的次数成正比。     

广州市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率调查分析

目的 了解广州市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率的总体水平,探索微核率与放射工龄、工种之间的关系。方法 对从事医用X射线诊断、介入放射与核医学和工业探伤的放射工作人员抽取静脉血,采用常规培养法测定微核,并按工龄、工种、单位进行微核率比较。结果 2011年放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率合格率为80.6%,人群微核率为4.39‰;放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率与工种无关;与放射工龄相关,5 a~和≥ 15 a放射工龄组的淋巴细胞微核率明显高于≤ 5 a放射工龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同级别放射工作单位的放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 淋巴细胞微核率水平受电离辐射因素影响,做好放射工作人员的个人防护能有效降低电离辐射的健康损害。     

新乡市女性医用放射工作人员细胞遗传学指标调查

目的观察和分析长期低剂量电离辐射对女性医用放射工作者细胞遗传学效应的影响。方法了解个人剂量;观察微核及染色体畸变的阳性率,比较不同工龄组间女性医用放射人员微核及染色体畸变阳性率的差异以及相同工龄组间女性医用放射人员微核及染色体畸变阳性率与男性的差异。结果女性医用放射工作人员的微核阳性率及染色体畸变阳性率均有随着放射工龄增加而升高的趋势;<5 a工龄组女性微核阳性率高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论长期低剂量电离辐射对女性医用放射工作人员的细胞遗传学效应有一定影响。     

合肥地区放射工作者微核检测分析

微核是反映辐射损伤的灵敏指标,但在慢性小剂量辐射效应研究中,微核的变化与各相关因素之间的关系,多年来文献报道内容不一。本文将合肥地区放射工作者1996、1998两年微核体检结果加以分析,探讨微核与工种、工龄间的关系。1　材料和方法11　观察对象　本地区放射工作者(简称放射组),1996年82例,1998年210例。主要工种有医用Ｘ射线放射诊断、核医学、工业探伤、教学科研(包括中国科技大学同步辐射实验室加速器工作者)、其它(辐照应用、小型密封源等)。其年剂量均小于50ｍＳｖ/ａ,放射工龄1～41年。对照组36例,为非放射工作的正常健康体检者和…     

医用诊断X线工作者外周血淋巴细胞微核与剂量关系动态研究

目的 :了解长期小剂量、低剂量率职业受照者的细胞遗传学变化。方法 :以外周血淋巴细胞浓集法对安徽省阜阳市 94名医院放射科从业人员于 1990年、1992年、1994年、1996年和 1998年连续 5次作微核检测 ;采用归一化工作量估算法对受检者进行个人剂量估算。结果 :平均年当量剂量均数逐年下降 ,未见平均微核率有明显逐年升高的趋势 ;放射组微核率与对照组相比 ,均有显著增加 ,且微核率随放射工龄的增加呈递增趋势。结论 :长期受小剂量、低剂量率照射的医用诊断X线工作者会引起外周血淋巴细胞微核改变 ;微核率与放射工龄呈曲线相关 ,有明显的相关性 ;微核率与年龄、平均年当量剂量、累积当量剂量无明显的相关性     

医用X线工作者健康状况分析

本文对２２８例医用Ｘ线工作者的健康状况调查表明：血液学指标放射组与对照组无显著性差异;神经衰弱征候群症状出现率、晶状体混浊患病率、微核以及染色体畸变阳性检出率均明显高于对照组,有显著性差异。计生系统医用Ｘ线工作者的辐射危害明显低于卫生系统特别是乡镇医院Ｘ线工作者,乡镇医院Ｘ线工作者的放射防护问题比较突出,成为医用Ｘ线放射防护工作应该重视和加强的重点。     

医用X射线工作者不同放射工龄与周围血淋巴细胞微核的关系

目的 探讨长期接触医用X射线工作人员不同放射工龄与周围血淋巴细胞微核的关系.方法 选择本省285名从事医用X射线的工作人员,根据不同放射工龄分3组(1年～、10年～、20年～),采集周围血淋巴细胞,采用培养法测定微核指标.结果 放射组微核细胞率(0.39%)比对照组(0.26%)明显升高(P＜0.01),放射组微核细胞阳性检出率(18.95%)比对照组(5.00%)明显升高(P＜0.01);放射组随着放射工龄段的增长其微核细胞率有增加的趋势(按工龄由低至高依次为0.33%、0.40%、0.48%),均比对照组(0.26%)明显升高(P＜0.01)、微核细胞阳性检出率亦有增加的趋势(从低至高依次为10.26%、20.45%、31.25%).结论 医用X射线放射工作人员微核细胞率和微核细胞阳性检出率可随着放射工龄的增长而增加,提示应加强放射工作人员个人防护.     

职业小剂量照射对医用X射线工作者微核产额影响的研究

目的：探讨医用X射线对工作者做微核产额的影响,为日常的健康监护工作提供参考.方法：取684名医用诊断X射线作业工作者为射线组,120名健康成人为对照组,按微量全血培养法进行培养并按微核的标准阅片,工作者的职业外照射剂量用热释光剂量计测得.结果：684名工作者的微核细胞率及其微核率分别为3.52‰和3.60‰,与对照组的比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;职业外照射年剂量当量越高微核率的均值也越高、年剂量最大组的微核率比最小组高出1倍,并且微核率到达和超过正常参考值上限（6.0‰）所占的频率也越大,微核率与年剂量呈良好的直线相关,直线回归方程为y=2.61＋0.34D,r=0.973（P＜0.01）;放射专业工龄的增加,微核率均值逐渐升高.结论：职业小剂量照射对医用X射线工作者微核产额的增加有较大的影响.     

不同工龄丙烯腈接触工人外周血双核淋巴细胞微核研究

采用胞质分裂阻滞微核测试法（ＣＢ微核测试法）对７６名丙烯腈（ＡＮ）专业工龄为４～２０年的作业工人外周血双核淋巴细胞微核进行研究。按接触工龄分为５组。结果：外周血双核淋巴细胞微核率随工龄增长而上升，且呈线性正相关（ｒ＝０．９８６５），有显著的统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。工龄超过２０年的ＡＮ接触工人中，双核细胞微核率与１５～２０年工龄组相近，呈稳定趋势。ＡＮ接触工龄在５年以下，双核细胞微核率上升不明显，接触工龄在５年以上，双核细胞微核明显上升；在接触工龄超过１０年的工人中，双核细胞微核率上升非常明显。ＡＮ接触工龄小于１０年和大于１０年的两组比较，双核细胞微核率有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.