阿司匹林对鼻内镜手术围术期出血影响的临床观察

目的探讨阿司匹林对鼻内镜手术围术期出血的影响。方法回顾性分析2018-10—2021-03于郑州大学第一附属医院鼻科行鼻内镜手术并长期口服阿司匹林的67例患者的临床资料。根据围术期阿司匹林用药情况分为持续用药组(31例)和停药组(36例)。选取同期行鼻内镜手术未口服阿司匹林的中老年患者为对照组(30例)。记录术中出血量、血栓弹力图、术后出血情况及并发症,并对影响长期口服阿司匹林患者行鼻内镜手术的危险因素行Logistic回归分析。结果(1)3组患者中两两间的最大振幅(MA)、凝血综合指数(CI)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组术后均有1例发生出血,行数据方差分析,3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者中,以及单纯鼻窦炎患者中,3组患者两两间的术中出血量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。当显著性水平为0.05时,影响鼻内镜手术的独立危险因素为停用阿司匹林和BMI值。结论阿司匹林对鼻内镜手术围术期出血无明显影响,长期口服阿司匹林患者鼻内镜手术前可不停用阿司匹林。     

鼻内镜手术护理配合中的潜在风险

我院耳鼻喉科头颈外科中心从1991年开展鼻内镜手术至今,技术日趋成熟,每年完成鼻内镜手术2 200余例。手术的适用范围也从单纯鼻窦开放延伸到鼻-眼、鼻-颅、鼻-咽、鼻-整形的综合手术术式。由于鼻腔黏膜薄、易充血、鼻窦与颅内相通、手术中出血量大。根据手术的安全需要和患者不断增加的无痛麻醉需求,麻醉方式从传统的局麻加强化发展为控制性降压麻醉。为确保围术期手术     

麻醉方式对鼻内镜出血及术野的影响

<正>慢性鼻-鼻窦炎是鼻腔和鼻窦的慢性炎症过程,根据是否伴有息肉临床上分为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴有鼻息肉和不伴有鼻息肉两种类型[1]。如果药物不能缓解症状,出现窦口鼻道复合体解剖异常、鼻息肉或颅眶并发症时,功能性鼻内镜手术(FESS)是较好的治疗方法之一。如鼻内镜手术出血量不多,无需术中输血,但术中出血所造成的术野不佳,会增加静脉、眼眶、颅内等部位严重并发症的发生,延长手术时间,降低了手术疗效(表1)[2]。本研究对不同麻醉方式在鼻内镜     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎后症状无缓解的处理与相关因素分析

目的探讨慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术后症状无缓解的相关因素及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析我科2007年7月~2014年5月收治的179例已接受鼻内镜手术治疗但临床症状无缓解的患者的临床资料,分析其无缓解的原因及治疗策略。结果所有无缓解病例均行修正性鼻内镜手术,治愈159例,有效20例。经多因素分析,慢性鼻窦炎发病原因、医生的学历、职称、鼻内合并症、术中和术后情况是影响慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术后症状无缓解的相关因素。结论手术技巧不熟练,解剖知识欠缺,鼻窦炎发生的原因、鼻内合并症、术中和术后情况是导致慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术失败的根本原因。     

硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔在鼻内镜手术中的应用

目的比较硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔与单纯硝酸甘油控制性降压在鼻内镜手术中应用的优越性。方法选择60例行鼻内镜手术的患者,随机分为2组,实验组(A组,30例):采用硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔;对照组(B组,30例):单纯应用硝酸甘油,分别于术前、术中及术后观察患者的SBP、DBP、MAP、HR,并记录2组的手术时间及术中出血评分。结果2组病人术中及术后较术前SBP、MAP均明显降低(P0.01),DBP较插管前也明显降低(P0.05),但A组术中及术后HR较术前明显降低,B组术中及术后HR明显增快,A组手术时间及术中出血明显低于B组。结论硝酸甘油联合艾司洛尔控制性降压用于鼻内镜手术,术中血流动力更平稳,而且出血量明显减少,有效缩短了手术时间,更具有优越性。     

鼻骨骨折复位术式比较与分析

目的：比较传统鼻骨骨折复位术与鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术。方法：对448例鼻骨骨折患者分2组治疗,一组是传统的鼻骨骨折复位术,另一组是鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术。结果：鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术在术中及术后方面明显优于传统鼻骨骨折复位术。结论：鼻内镜下鼻骨骨折复位术具有麻醉效果好,定位准确,复位精确,鼻腔黏膜损伤小,术中术后出血少,术后恢复快等优点,可做为鼻骨骨折常规术式进行推广。     

艾司洛尔联合硝酸甘油辅助芬太尼行控制性降压对鼻内镜手术出血的影响

目的探讨在鼻内镜手术中实艾司洛尔联合硝酸甘油辅助芬太尼行控制性降压对术中出血的影响。方法将97例择期全麻实施鼻内镜手术的患者随机分为对照组(Ⅰ组)53例和实验组(Ⅱ组)44例,2组均采用静脉滴注芬太尼、丙泊酚及吸入异氟醚进行控制性降压,Ⅱ组加用艾司洛尔联合硝酸甘油控制心率和血压。分别记录控制性降压开始时(T1)、控制性降压30 min(T2)、手术结束时(T3)和停止降压20 min(T4)时的心率、平均动脉压(MAP)。记录达到目标血压的时间。结果Ⅰ组患者中有6例未达到目标血压,Ⅱ组患者全部达到目标血压。Ⅱ组达到目标血压的时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。结论在鼻内镜手术中采用艾司洛尔联合硝酸甘油辅助芬太尼行控制性降压,起效快、过程平稳。可控性强。能明显减少术野出血。为鼻内镜手术提供良好的手术操作环境。     

鼻内镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的疗效观察

目的观察慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术治疗的疗效，研究提高鼻内镜手术疗效的注意点。方法对324例(601侧)慢性鼻窦炎患者行内镜手术治疗，术后随访观察6个月以上。结果治愈244例(75．31％)，有效61例(18．83％)，无效19例(5．86％)，总有效率94．14％。主要并发症是术中出血、术后鼻腔粘连。结论鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗鼻窦炎具有良好的疗效。手术的熟练程度、病灶的清除、中鼻甲的正确处理、术后加强术腔清洁管理是防止手术并发症和提高疗效的关键。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术围术期护理体会

目的总结慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术的围术期护理效果。方法对46例接受鼻内镜手术治疗的慢性鼻窦炎患者,给于术前心理护理、术中规范护理配合及术后专科护理。结果本组术后未发生大出血、脑脊液漏及眼眶血肿等并发症。患者均获随访3~6个月,治疗总有效率为95.65%(44/46),无复发病例。结论做好慢性鼻窦炎鼻内镜手术的围术期各项护理措施,可提高手术治疗效果,降低术后并发症,改善患者预后。     

鼻内镜手术治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎35例分析

目的探讨非侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的病因、临床特点和鼻内镜手术方法及疗效。方法对35例非侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎患者采用鼻内镜手术治疗,回顾性分析患者的临床资料。结果术后随访6个月,患者症状消失,无复发病例。结论非侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎具有独特的鼻内镜及CT表现,鼻内镜手术清除病灶是治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻-鼻窦炎的有效手段,术中应尽量扩大鼻窦的自然开口,术后定期冲洗窦腔以及定期复查可降低复发。     

重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜恢复的影响

目的 探究重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜恢复的影响。方法 选 取2022年8月-2023年2月在我院行鼻内镜手术治疗的78例鼻窦炎患者为研究对象，根据其术后干预方案 的不同分为对照组（ n =39）和观察组（ n =39）。对照组给予生理盐水冲洗鼻腔和糠酸莫米松鼻喷雾剂 喷鼻，观察组在对照组基础上加用重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料，比较两组术前、术后4周鼻 腔粘膜功能（鼻粘液纤毛清除率、鼻粘液清除速度）、粘膜创面清洁时间、鼻腔粘膜转归情况及不良反 应发生情况。结果 观察组术后4周鼻粘液纤毛清除率、鼻粘液清除速度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义 （ P ＜0.05）；观察组术后创面清洁时间短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0.05）；两组术后鼻出血、鼻 粘膜水肿、囊泡、粘连、瘢痕增生发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0.05）；两组均无不良反应发生。 结论 重组人源化胶原蛋白鼻腔黏膜修复敷料对鼻内镜术后鼻腔黏膜功能恢复有较强的促进作用，并可缩 短患者术后恢复时间，安全性良好，值得临床应用。     

Endoscopy-assisted rhinoplasty

In nasal surgery some surgical steps are done without the aid of direct vision. In these situations, surgeons must use their experience and judgment. I have adapted techniques used in endoscopic sinus surgery to perform some of the surgical steps of functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty. Between September 1999 and February 2000, 11 patients underwent endoscopic-assisted septorhinoplasty, and 18 patients underwent traditional closed rhinoplasty. The following parameters were compared: surgical bleeding, postoperative edema and ecchymosis, dorsum irregularity, and operative time for each technique. The following steps were clearly visualized with the endoscope: raising the periosteum from the nasal bone, resecting the nasal hump, and rasping the nasal bones. The use of endoscopic instruments does not change the surgical steps required. Rather, it allows direct vision of steps previously not viewable.     

Packing in endoscopic sinus surgery: is it really required?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the routine use of packing or local hemostatic agents in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). METHODS: Packing and/or hemostatic agents were used only when necessary in 100 consecutive adult ESS patients in a tertiary academic hospital. Necessity for packing the nose after excessive bleeding was analyzed in relation to demographic characteristics, medical history, previous surgeries, current surgical procedure, type of anesthesia, and amount of intraoperative bleeding. RESULTS: Three patients who required packing because of other reasons (such as bolstering of mucosa) were excluded from the study. The remaining 97 patients included 61 males and 36 females between the ages of 16 to 86 (mean 44). Forty-nine patients underwent only ESS, 40 ESSs associated with nasal polypectomy, and 8 underwent other endoscopic procedures. Fifty-four underwent the operation under general anesthesia and 43 under local anesthesia. Intraoperative blood loss was less than 30 mL in 82 patients (85%), 30 to 50 mL in 11 (11%), and more than 50 mL in 4 (4%). In 89 patients (92%), packing or a hemostatic agent was not used. No patient had bleeding complications postoperatively. A comparison between patients who required packing to those who did not showed that the only statistically significant associations related to general anesthesia (P = 0.0082) and to the amount of intraoperative bleeding (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most ESS procedures can be managed without packing or any other hemostatic measures. Local anesthesia, use of local vasoconstrictors, and careful operative technique minimize the need for nose packing, thus reducing patient's discomfort, postoperative complications, and cost of surgery.     

鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的方法及可行性,观察其疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2012年12月57例鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤的临床资料,均行鼻内镜下切除手术。根据病变程度和范围,选择经典式鼻内镜手术,鼻内镜中鼻道、下鼻道联合上颌窦开窗术,鼻内镜辅助下Caldwell—Luc手术。观察术后复发率。结果随访1～3年,（23±9）月。复发率10．5％（6／57）,其中经典式鼻内镜手术9．7％（3／31）,鼻内镜中鼻道、下鼻道联合上颌窦开窗术10．0％（2／20）,鼻内镜辅助下Caldwell—Lue手术16．7％（1／6）。复发6例均行二次鼻内镜手术,随访6—12个月,平均7．5月,无再次复发。结论鼻内镜下手术治疗鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤手术损伤小,术后复发率低,临床疗效较好。     

Consideraciones anestésicas para cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal en una paciente con síndrome de Kartagener

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by the triad of sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus. This syndrome is associated with an increased risk of respiratory complications. Therefore, both the anesthetic technique and the agents used must be carefully chosen according to the type of intervention and the patient's baseline condition. We present the case of a 48-year-old woman with KS, scheduled for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and septoplasty under general anesthesia. The main anesthetic considerations in patients with KS are related to anatomical variations, pulmonary and cardiac functions, and respiratory infections. In this case, measures that reduce perioperative complications in KS are reviewed together with the special anesthetic management in FESS, derived primarily from the need to maintain a bloodless surgical field and the use of induced hypotension techniques.     

Canula-assisted endoscopy in bi-portal transphenoidal cranial base surgery: technical note

The binasal fully endoscopic transphenoidal approach in skull base surgery requires a specific learning curve and expertise and, even in the hands of experienced surgeons, can be challenging. Quick and efficient endoscopic access can be impeded by factors like a deviated nasal septum and/or very narrow nasal cavity. For this reason, we developed a simple technique to facilitate rapid maneuvering of the endoscope in and out of the nose in the case of a narrow surgical corridor. Using a canula in situ in one of the nostrils, the endoscope can be maneuvered in and out of the nose to rapidly reach the surgical target without inadvertent mucosal trauma that can cause bleeding. This technique is very simple and is particularly helpful for novice neuroendoscopists who are trying to navigate the confines of a narrow nasal cavity, especially when they are assisting more experienced colleagues.     

Usefulness of endovascular treatment for delayed massive epistaxis following endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: a case report

We report here a case of massive nasal bleeding from the sphenopalatine artery three weeks after endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. This 66-year-old male suffered from massive nasal bleeding with the status of hypovolemic shock. Under general anesthesia, an emergent angiography revealed an extravasation from the sphenopalatine artery. Trans-arterial embolization using coil and n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) was performed following the diagnostic angiography. Complete occlusion of the injured artery was achieved. The patient showed good recovery from general anesthesia. Delayed nasal bleeding after endonasal transsphenoidal surgery is a rare but important complication. The sphenopalatine artery and its branch are located in the hidden inferior lateral corner of the sphenoid sinus and may be injured during enlargement of the sphenoid opening. When massive delayed nasal bleeding follows transsphenoidal surgery and damage of the internal carotid artery has been ruled out, endovascular treatment of the external carotid artery should be considered.     

上颌窦囊肿的微创手术治疗

目的总结鼻内镜治疗上颌窦囊肿的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析鼻内镜手术治疗35例(41侧)上颌窦囊肿的临床资料,其中经下鼻道开窗25侧,经上颌窦自然开口12侧,中、下鼻道同时开窗4侧。结果术后3个月内临床症状均消失,平均随访12个月,均无复发,内镜定期复查示上颌窦开口通畅,下鼻道粘膜光滑,上颌窦腔内粘膜恢复良好。结论内镜手术是治疗上颌窦囊肿安全、有效的方法。     

鼻腔鼻窦冲洗液的临床应用及疗效观察

目的 提高慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉病人鼻内镜手术后疗效。方法 将行鼻内镜手术的326例慢性鼻窦灸、鼻息肉病人分成两组。观察组228例术后用自制的鼻腔鼻窦冲洗液冲洗，对照组98例用生理盐水、庆大霉素、地塞米松冲洗液冲洗。观察两组术后不同时间术腔清洁率、术腔上皮化率。结果 上述指标观察组均高于对照组(P＜0．05，P＜0．01)。结论 慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜术后用鼻腔鼻窦冲洗液冲洗可提高疗效。