心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断的价值

目的探讨心电图(ECG)对急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)判断的价值。方法筛选2002年7月～2004年7月我院心内科住院的急性下壁心肌梗死患者60例,回顾性分析其症状发作后24小时内ECG改变。结果Ⅰ导联ST段抬高,ST段抬高Ⅲ导联>Ⅱ导联,导联V4RST段抬高≥0.5mm,V1和V2导联ST段抬高或压低,aVR导联ST段压低。5项标准可用于判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者的IRA,而aVR导联ST段压低为一项新的标准。结论aVR导联ST段压低为判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)的新标准。     

心电图ST段改变判断急性下壁心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管的意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死时心电图ST段改变对心肌梗死梗死相关动血管(IRA)的判断价值。方法通过对84例急性下壁心肌梗死的患者的心电图Ⅰ、aVL、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVR、V5、V6导联ST段偏移进行分析,并与冠状动脉造影结果进行对比。结果 (1)IRA为右冠状动脉(RCA)68例,左冠状动脉回旋支(LCX)16例。(2)ST↑ⅢST↑Ⅱ提示IRA为RCA的敏感性是93%,特异性是94%,阳性预测值(PPV)是98%,阴性预测值(NPV)是79%;ST↑ⅢST↑Ⅱ提示IRA为LCX的敏感性是81%,特异性是97%,PPV是87%,NPV是96%。(3)ST↓V3/ST↑Ⅲ的值0.5提示IRA为RCA的敏感性是90%,特异性是94%,PPV是98%,NPV是68%;ST↓V3/ST↑Ⅲ的值1.2提示IRA为LCX的敏感性是81%,特异性是97%,PPV是87%,NPV是97%。(4)ST↓aVLST↓I提示IRA为RCA的敏感性是91%,特异性是81%,PPV是95%,NPV是68%。(5)aVR导联ST段压低提示IRA为RCA的敏感性是88%,特异性是87%,PPV是97%,NPV是64%;aVR导联ST段抬高提示IRA为LCX的敏感性是81%,特异性是94%,PPV是76%,NPV是95%。(6)Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段抬高伴V5、V6导联ST段抬高对梗死相关血管为RCA或LCX无预测价值。结论常规12导联心电图ST段偏移对判断急性下壁心肌梗死梗死相关血管有重要的预测价值。     

急性下壁心梗心电图改变与冠状造影对照分析

目的　探讨急性下壁心梗ECG相关冠脉病变的判断及合并右室梗死的判断。方法　选择急性期内进行了CAG的急性下壁心梗病人 5 8例 ,比较ECG与CAG结果。结果　 5 8例患者中单支病变 37例 ,其中右冠脉 (RCA)病变 2 9例 ,左旋支 (LCX)病变 8例。多支病变 2 1例中伴V4-V6ST段压低者 13例 ,单支病变 7例 (P <0 0 5 ) ;伴Ⅰ、aVL导联ST抬高LCX病变 3例 ,RCA病变无 (P <0 0 5 )。以V2 、Ⅲ、avFST位移代数和来判断 :STaVF +V2 >0RCA病变 2 5例 ,LCX病变 3例 (P <0 0 5 )。合并右心室梗死 5例中 ,以STⅢ/STⅡ >1判断 ,4例右并心室 (P <0 0 5 ) ,以STV2 ↓ /STavF↑≤ 5 0 %判断则有 3例 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　急性下壁心梗梗死相关血管以RCA病变为主 ,少部分为LCX病变。伴左胸前导联V4-V6ST压低多支病变多见 ;STavF +V2 >0多见于RCA病变 ;伴Ⅰ、aVL导联ST抬高则多见于LCX病变。以STⅢ/STⅡ >1判定急性下壁心梗并右室梗死 ,差别有统计学意义。     

急性心肌梗死时体表心电图对梗死相关动脉的判断

目的了解急性心肌梗死(AMI)的体表心电图对心肌梗死相关动脉(IRA)及其闭塞位置判断作用.方法对264例急性心肌梗死患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料进行回顾性对比分析.结果①下壁AMI时血管闭塞发生在右冠状动脉(RCA)74例(78.7%),左回旋支(LCX)20例(21.3%).Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段压低提示RCA为IRA的敏感性,特异性和阳性预测值分别为94.6%,70%和92.1%.ST段压低Ⅰ＜aVL提示RCA为IRA的敏感性,特异性和阳性预测值分别为83.8%,90%和96.9%.ST段抬高Ⅱ＜Ⅲ提示RCA为IRA的敏感性,特异性和阳性预测值分别为90.5%,90%和97.1%.ST段压低Ⅰ＜aVL和ST段抬高Ⅱ＜Ⅲ提示RCA为IRA的敏感性,特异性和阳性预测值分别为81.8%,100%和100%.非ST段压低Ⅰ＜aVL和非ST段抬高Ⅱ＜Ⅲ提示LCX为IRA的敏感性,特异性和阳性预测值分别为85%,100%和100%.13例合并右室心梗IRA均为RCA.②前间壁AMI时STⅠ、STaVL抬高,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF下降均不能提示IRA为LAD或RCA(P分别大于0.05).③前壁AMI时STⅠ、STaVL抬高,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF下降判断LAD近段闭塞的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值分别为70.4%,59.3%,87%,95.7%和86.4%,94.1%.④广泛前壁AMI时STⅠ、STaVL抬高,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF下降判断LAD近段闭塞的敏感性、特异性和阳性预测值分别为100%,95.5%,85.7%,100%和97.8%,100%.结论下壁、前壁和广泛前壁AMI时体表心电图对心肌梗死相关动脉(IRA)及其闭塞位置判断具有预测价值.     

急性下壁心肌梗死Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联ST段比值与冠状动脉造影对照分析

目的探讨心电图对急性下壁心肌梗死相关冠状动脉梗死相关动脉及合并右心室梗死的判断价值。方法对照分析95例急性下壁心肌梗死入院时的心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ导联ST段抬高比值及Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段偏移与冠状动脉造影梗死相关动脉的关系。结果95例患者中,74例右冠状动脉(RCA)阻塞所致者ST段抬高Ⅲ/Ⅱ>1、≤1分别为70例、4例;Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段抬高或等电位线4例,压低70例(P<0.05)。而21例左回旋支(LCX)阻塞所致者ST段抬高Ⅲ/Ⅱ>1、<1分别为4、17例。Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段抬高或等电位线17例、压低4例(P<0.05)。合并右心室梗死13例中,以Ⅲ/Ⅱ>1判断,11例合并右心室心肌梗死(P<0.05)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死梗死相关动脉以RCA病变为主,少部分为LCX病变。Ⅰ、aVL导联抬高或等电位线多见于LCX病变,Ⅰ、aVL导联ST段压低则对诊断RCA阻塞具有很高的价值。ST段Ⅲ/Ⅱ>1判定急性下壁心肌梗死合并右心室梗死有一定的价值。     

急性前壁心肌梗死患者体表心电图与梗死相关动脉关系的探讨

目的　探讨前壁急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者体表心电图 (ECG)改变与梗死相关动脉 (IRA)定位的关系。方法　对 84例前壁AMI患者的ECG与冠状动脉造影 (CAG)的资料进行回顾性对比分析。结果　STⅠ、aVL 抬高 ,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF压低时提示前壁、广泛前壁AMI的IRA为左前降支 (LAD)近段闭塞而不是LAD远段闭塞 ) (P <0 0 5及P <0 0 0 1)。STⅠ、aVL抬高 ,STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF压低时前间壁AMI的IRA不能判断为LAD或右冠状动脉 (RCA) (P >0 0 5 )。结论　前壁、广泛前壁AMI时STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF压低 ,STⅠ、aVL抬高提示IRA为LAD近段 ,而前间壁AMI时STⅡ、Ⅲ、aVF压低 ,STⅠ、aVL抬高不能判断IRA为LAD或RCA。     

aVR导联对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的预测价值

目的通过与冠状动脉造影（CAG）对比，研究aVR导联ST段改变的特征对急性下壁心肌梗死的相关动脉定位的意义。方法对比65例急性心肌梗死，其中右冠状动脉近段闭塞26例、右冠状动脉远段闭塞29例、左叫旋支（LCX）闭塞10例，分析在病人胸痛发作12h内的心电图变化。结果三组病人下壁导联的ST段抬高差异无统计学意义，伴aVR导联ST段压低，提示右冠状动脉（RCA）闭塞，如不伴aVR导!联卯段膻低，则提示LCX闭塞，右冠状动脉近段闭寒，不影响胸前导联ST段，心电图指标阳性预测值96．7％；右冠状动脉远段闭塞则构成V1～V3导联ST段压低，阳性预测值83％；LCX闭塞虽不影响aVR导联卯段，但构成V1～V3导联ST段压低，阳性预测值87％。结论急性下壁心肌梗死早期除下壁导联ST段抬高外，是否合并aVR导联ST段压低，是区别RCA闭塞或LCX闭塞的关键指标。对预后和决定是否采取血管厦建治疗具有重要的参考价值。     

下壁急性心肌梗死患者心电图对梗死相关动脉定位的再评价

目的探讨ST段抬高型下壁急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者心电图对梗死相关动脉(IRA)定位的价值。方法分析76例ST段抬高型急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图改变并与冠状动脉造影结果进行回顾性对比分析。结果①梗死相关动脉多为右冠状动脉(RCA),其次为左回旋支(LCX),分别为56例(73.7%)、20例(26.3%)。②患者心电图STⅢ↑/STⅡ↑>1、STaVL↓/STI↓>1对判断梗死相关动脉在RCA敏感性分别为87.5%、96.4%,特异性分别为85.0%、85.0%。STV3↓/STⅢ↑>1.2对判断梗死相关动脉为LCX的特异性为94.6%。③心电图STaVF↑+STV2↓>0对于判断梗死相关动脉为RCA的特异性、阳性预测值分别为90.0%、95.8%。④心电图V1～V3导联ST段压低之和与下壁导联ST段抬高之和的比值ST(V1～V3)↓/ST(inf)↑≤0.5对于判断相关动脉为RCA的敏感性、阳性预测值分别为78.6%、91.7%。⑤心电图STV3↓/STⅢ↑≤0与心电图STV1↑预测梗死动脉在RCA近端的敏感性分别为54.5%、86.4%,特异性分别为29.4%、88.2%。结论心电图STⅢ↑/STⅡ↑>1、STaVL↓/STI↓>1,STV3↓/STⅢ↑>1.2,STaVR↓≥0.05 mV预测IRA为RCA或LCX特异性较高;STV1↑预测IRA为RCA近段的敏感性、特异性较高;而STV3↓/STⅢ↑≤0预测RCA近段闭塞结果不理想。     

急性下壁心肌梗死相关动脉的心电图表现

目的 对急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图与冠脉造影对照以探讨梗死相关动脉(IRA)与心电图关系。方法 对94例急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院心电图进行回顾分析,所有病人于发病3周内行冠脉造影检查,将病人分为两组。结果78例IRA为无左旋支(LCX)狭窄的右冠状动脉(RCA)病变组。ST_Ⅲ段抬高>ST_Ⅱ在RCA组56例(71.7％)而16例无RCA狭窄的LCK病变组无1例(0％);ST_(aVL)段压低>ST_1压低,RCA组54例(69％)、LCX组2例(12.5％);ST_(V1V2)段压低LCX组14例(88％),RCA组14列(18％);RCA组ST_(V7-V9)段抬高4例(5％),LCX组12例(75％);RCA组ST_(V3R-5R)抬高36例(46％),而LCX无1例(0％)。它们之间P值均少于0.001,有非常显著差异性。结论ST_Ⅲ段抬高>ST_Ⅱ、ST_(aVL)压低>ST_Ⅰ、ST_(V1-V2)压低及V(7-9)和V_(3R-5R)ST段抬高对急性下壁心梗时IRA对临床有一定价值。     

急性下壁心肌梗塞患者冠状动脉造影结果分析

目的探讨下壁急性心肌梗死（AMI）心电图（ECG）相关冠脉病变的判断及合并右室AMI的判断。方法选择急性期内进行了冠脉造影（CAG）的下壁AMI者58例,比较ECG与CAG结果。结果58例中单支病变37例,其中右冠脉（RCA）病变29例,左旋支（LCX）病变8例。多支病变21例中伴V4～V6导联ST段压低者13例,单支病变7例（P〈0．05）;伴I、aVL导联ST抬高LCX病变3例,RCA病变无（P〈0．05）。以V2、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST位移代数和来判断：STaVF＋V2〉0RCA病变25例,LCX病变3例（P〈0．05）。合并右心室梗死5例中,以STⅢ／STⅡ〉1判断,4例并右室（P〈0．05）,以STV2↓／STaVF↑≤50％判断则有3例（P〉0．05）。结论下壁AMI相关血管以RCA病变为主,少部分为LCX病变。伴左胸前V4～V6导联ST压低多支病变多见;STaVF＋V2〉0多见于RCA病变;伴I、aVL导联ST抬高则多见于LCX病变。以STⅢ／ST〉1判定下壁AMI并右室AMI,差别有统计学意义。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。