抗氧化肽SS-31对高糖诱导的小鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察抗氧化肽SS-31对高糖诱导小鼠肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法将体外培养小鼠肾小球系膜细胞分为正常糖组、正常糖+甘露醇组、高糖组及高糖+SS-31组。采用原位末端转移酶标记技术(TUNEL)及流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;流式细胞术检测细胞ROS水平;Western blot检测caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3、Bax、Bcl-2、p38 MAPK、p-p38 MAPK及细胞色素C的表达。结果与正常糖组相比,高糖组系膜细胞ROS产生和细胞凋亡明显增加,cleavedcaspase-3和p-p38 MAPK表达增高,Bax/Bcl-2比率明显升高以及细胞色素C易位。SS-31干预能够明显抑制高糖诱导的系膜细胞凋亡和ROS产生,下调cleaved caspase-3和p-p38 MAPK的表达,减少Bax/Bcl-2比率和细胞色素C易位。结论 SS-31能够抑制高糖诱导的系膜细胞凋亡可能是通过减少ROS产生,保护线粒体功能,抑制p38MAPK信号通路激活而实现的。     

β-Caryophyllene inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress,inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in mesangial cells

β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a bicyclic sesquiterpene compound that has anti-diabetic activity. However, the effect of BCP on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the potential role of BCP in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). MCs were maintained under HG condition to simulate DN in vitro. Our results showed that BCP inhibited HG-induced cell proliferation, ROS production and NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2/4 expression. BCP exhibited anti-inflammatory activity with decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in HG-induced MCs. Moreover, BCP treatment suppressed the HG-induced secretion of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV) in MCs. Furthermore, BCP suppressed the NF-κB activation and enhanced the Nrf2 activation in HG-induced MCs. However, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the protective effects of BCP on HG-induced MCs, while inhibition of NF-κB enhanced the nephro-protective effects of BCP on MCs. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that BCP executed protective effects on HG-induced MCs via regulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways.     

Upregulation of Sirt1 by tyrosol suppresses apoptosis and inflammation and modulates extracellular matrix remodeling in interleukin-1β-stimulated human nucleus pulposus cells through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the major pathogenesis of lower back pain. Tyrosol is a polyphenolic compound that exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we explored the effects and mechanisms of tyrosol on IDD progression in interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was examined to evaluate inflammation. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-3/9/13), collagen type II, SRY-related high mobility group box 9 (SOX-9), and aggrecan was measured by qRT-PCR. Protein levels of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Akt, collagen type II, SOX-9, and aggrecan were determined by western blot. Results showed that tyrosol attenuated IL-1β-induced viability reduction, apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activity in HNPCs. The increase in the production of TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and PGE2 in IL-1β-treated HNPCs was abolished by tyrosol treatment. Tyrosol treatment reversed IL-1β-induced upregulation of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13, and downregulation of collagen II, SOX-9, and aggrecan in HNPCs. Additionally, tyrosol treatment activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in IL-1β-stimulated HNPCs. Sirt1 was upregulated by tyrosol, and Sirt1 silencing inhibited Akt phosphorylation in HNPCs. Sirt1 knockdown attenuated the effects of tyrosol on IL-1β-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and ECM remodeling in HNPCs. In summary, upregulation of Sirt1 by tyrosol suppressed apoptosis and inflammation and regulated ECM remodeling in IL-1β-stimulated HNPCs through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4对高糖诱导足细胞铁死亡的影响及小檗碱的干预机制研究

目的探究小檗碱对高糖诱导下足细胞铁死亡的作用机制。方法Western blot法和RT-qPCR法检测desmin、podocin、GPX4、PTGS2、ACSL4在高糖刺激0 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、36 h的变化情况以及小檗碱对高糖情况下Nrf2、HO-1、GPX4和podocin的影响;EdU观察高糖刺激不同时间足细胞的增殖情况;CCK-8法测定足细胞的活力;荧光倒置显微镜,GSH和GSSG试剂盒检测小檗碱对高糖诱导下足细胞氧化应激水平的影响;激光共聚焦显微镜观察desmin的表达;透射电子显微镜观察足细胞的超微形态特征。结果Podocin和GPX4蛋白表达量在24 h明显降低,ACSL4和PTGS2的mRNA水平显著上调。小檗碱明显改善ROS和GSH的水平,上调Nrf2、HO-1、GPX4和podocin的表达,降低PTGS2和ACSL4的水平,从而缓解高糖情况下足细胞质膜起泡、线粒体皱缩等变化。结论在高糖环境下,足细胞会发生不同于自噬、凋亡的另一种数量减少的现象,即铁死亡。小檗碱可以缓解此现象的发生,其机制可能与Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4通路有关。     

Quercetin protects rat dorsal root ganglion neurons against high glucose-induced injury in vitro through Nrf-2/HO-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition

Aim:

To examine the effects of quercetin, a natural antioxidant, on high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis of cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats.

Methods:

DRG neurons exposed to HG (45 mmol/L) for 24 h were employed as an in vitro model of diabetic neuropathy. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptosis were determined. The expression of NF-кB, IкBα, phosphorylated IкBα and Nrf2 was examined using RT PCR and Western blot assay. The expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and caspase-3 were also examined.

Results:

HG treatment markedly increased DRG neuron apoptosis via increasing intracellular ROS level and activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Co-treatment with quercetin (2.5, 5, and 10 mmol/L) dose-dependently decreased HG-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Quercetin could directly scavenge ROS and significantly increased the expression of Nrf-2 and HO-1 in DRG neurons. Quercetin also dose-dependently inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α.

Conclusion:

Quercetin protects rat DRG neurons against HG-induced injury in vitro through Nrf-2/HO-1 activation and NF-κB inhibition, thus may be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.     

Knockdown of ALK7 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the diabetic complications associated with hyperglycaemia-mediated oxidative stress. Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) has been proven to be a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is another diabetic complication. However, the role of ALK7 in DR remains unclear. In the current study, ALK7 was found to be up-regulated in clinical samples from DR patients and high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). In vitro studies demonstrated that knockdown of ALK7 in ARPE-19 cells through transfection with siRNA-ALK7 (si-ALK7) improved cell viability in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Knockdown of ALK7 suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well elevating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in ARPE-19 cells. The number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased after transfection with si-ALK7. ALK7 knockdown also caused a significant decrease in bax expression and an increase in bcl-2 expression in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. In addition, ALK7 knockdown resulted in remarkable increase in the expressions of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in ARPE-19 cells in response to HG induction. Taken together, knockdown of ALK7 protected ARPE-19 cells from HG-induced oxidative injury, which might be mediated by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway.     

BML-111 attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation,oxidative stress and reduces extracellular matrix accumulation via targeting Nrf2 in rat glomerular mesangial cells

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most paradigmatic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and brings about severe social and economic burdens. BML-111 is a potent agonist of Lipoxin A4 and has shown anti-inflammatory function in many diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of BML-111 on high glucose (HG) -induced mesangial cells. HBZY-1 cells were stimulated by HG with or without BML-111. ML385 was used as an Nrf2 inhibitor. Cell proliferation was measured by CC-K 8 assay. Besides, levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected by corresponding ELISA kits. DCFH-DA staining and an available ROS kit were employed to determine the ROS generation. In addition, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis. The protein expressions involved in Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK pathway were assessed by western blot assay. Results indicated that BML-111 extremely inhibited HBZY-1 cell proliferation induced by HG. Moreover, BML-111 reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1, declined intracellular ROS level, and attenuated expression of ECM proteins laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV and TGF-β1. In addition, BML-111 promoted the activation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, while suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Further, NRF2 silence reversed the inhibitory effects of BML-111 on HG-induce inflammation, oxidative stress and ECM accumulation, accelerate the MAPK signaling, and diminished the expression of Nrf2 pathway. In summary, BML-111 alleviated HG-induced injury in HBZY-1 cells by repressing inflammatory response, oxidative stress and ECM accumulation via activating Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathway.     

Role of PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Resveratrol Alleviation of Zearalenone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in TM4 Cells

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a common mycotoxin that induces oxidative stress (OS) and affects the male reproductive system in animals. Resveratrol (RSV) has good antioxidant activity and can activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) to protect cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect and the mechanism of RSV on OS and apoptosis in TM4 cells induced by ZEA. Prior to being exposed to ZEA, TM4 cells were pretreated with RSV or the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine the level of apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), caspase-3, BCL2-associated X (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathway-related proteins was evaluated by Western blotting. Nrf2 siRNA transfection and LY294002 treatment were used to investigate the role of the Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in RSV alleviation of ZEA-induced OS. The results showed that pretreatment with RSV significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and increased cell viability. Catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels were also increased, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS levels decreased (p < 0.05). RSV also upregulated Akt phosphorylation, Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and HO-1 expression under conditions of OS (p < 0.05). Transfection with Nrf2 siRNA abolished the protective effects of RSV against ZEA-induced cytotoxicity (p < 0.05), ROS accumulation (p < 0.05), and apoptosis (p < 0.05). LY294002 completely blocked the RSV-mediated increase in Nrf2 nuclear translocation (p < 0.05), HO-1 expression (p < 0.05), and cytoprotective activity (p < 0.05). Collectively, the above findings indicate that RSV can protect against ZEA-induced OS and apoptosis in TM4 cells by PI3K/Akt-mediated activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.     

Bisphenol A induced apoptosis via oxidative stress generation involved Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and mitochondrial dependent pathways in human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen-like compound, and an environmental hormone, that is commonly used in daily life. Therefore, it may enter the human body through food or direct contact, causing BPA residues in blood and urine. Because most studies focused on the analysis of BPA in reproductive cells or tissues, regarding evidence the effect of BPA on human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells unavailable. Accordingly, the present study explored the cytotoxicity of BPA on ARPE-19 cells. After BPA treatment, the expression of Bcl-XL an antiapoptotic protein, in the mitochondria decreased, and the expression of Bax, a proapoptotic protein increased. Then the mitochondrial membrane potential was affected. BPA changed in mitochondrial membrane potential led to the release of cytochrome C, which activated caspase-9 to promote downstream caspase-3 leading to cytotoxicity. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway play a major role in age-related macular degeneration. Our results showed that expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 suppressed by BPA. Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which Nrf2 downstream antioxidants, were degraded by BPA. AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), which can regulate the phosphorylation of Nrf2, and the phosphorylation of AMPK expression was reduced by BPA. Finally, BPA-induced ROS generation and cytotoxicity were reduced by N-acetyl-l -cysteine. Taken together, these results suggest that BPA induced ARPE-19 cells via oxidative stress, which was associated with down regulated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and the mitochondria dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.     

Reactive oxygen species and PI3K/Akt signaling play key roles in the induction of Nrf2-driven heme oxygenase-1 expression in sulforaphane-treated human mesothelioma MSTO-211H cells

The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction plays cytoprotective roles against oxidative injury, apoptosis, and anticancer therapy; however, little is known about its regulation in human mesothelioma MSTO-211H cells. In this study, we investigated Nrf2/HO-1 induction in response to sulforaphane and determined the signaling pathways involved in this process. Sulforaphane treatment decreased cell viability and triggered a rapid and transient increase in the intracellular ROS levels. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented sulforaphane-induced cytotoxicity. Erk1/2 was activated within 1h of sulforaphane addition, whereas Akt phosphorylation was suppressed until the first 8h, and was then maintained at an elevated level until 72h, displaying a biphasic regulatory feature. Nrf2 protein levels in both nuclear and whole cell lysates were increased after sulforaphane treatment and were decreased by pretreatment with NAC, actinomycin D and cycloheximide. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 system after sulforaphane treatment was suppressed by pretreatment with NAC or Ly294002, a PI3K inhibitor. Knockdown of Nrf2 with siRNA decreased cell viability and attenuated sulforaphane-induced HO-1 up-regulation. Overall, our results indicate that ROS generation and/or activation of PI3K/Akt signaling regulate cell survival and Nrf2-driven HO-1 expression in sulforaphane-treated MSTO-211H cells.     

美洲大蠊提取物对H2O2诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨美洲大蠊提取物(PAS840)对大鼠肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(PC12)细胞氧化损伤模型的保护作用及机制。方法:采用H₂O₂刺激PC12细胞建立神经细胞氧化损伤模型,实验分为正常组(Con)、模型组(Mod)、PAS840低中高剂量组(20,50,125 μg·mL^-1的PAS840培养基溶液进行处理),采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞存活率,生化试剂盒检测各组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)的水平;DCFH-DA荧光探针检测各组活性氧簇(ROS)的水平;流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡率;JC-1法染色检测各组细胞线粒体膜电位(MMP);RT-qPCR检测各组Nrf2/HO-1通路因子(Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1和NQO1)、凋亡因子(Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3)、炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和过氧化氢酶(CAT) mRNA的表达水平;Western blot法检测各组Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平。结果:PAS840可显著提高氧化损伤细胞的存活率、MMP及SOD、GSH-Px和GSH的水平,降低LDH、MDA和ROS的水平;显著降低Keap1、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和AchE mRNA表达的同时,显著增加CAT和NQO1 mRNA的表达,显著降低Nrf2、Bax和Caspase-3的mRNA及其蛋白表达,显著增加HO-1和Bcl-2的mRNA及其蛋白表达。结论:PAS840可以抑制H₂O₂诱导的PC12细胞凋亡,减轻炎症,其机制可能与降低ROS、调控Nrf2/HO-1通路因子减轻细胞的氧化损伤程度有关。     

骨形态发生蛋白-7对高糖诱导系膜细胞增生的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨骨形态发生蛋白-7(BMP-7)对高糖诱导系膜细胞增生的作用及其可能的机制.方法 体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,将细胞分为正常对照组(5.5 mmol·L-1 葡萄糖),高糖组(25 mmol·L-1),100 ng·L-1 BMP-7组,高糖+100 ng·L-1BMP-7组.应用细胞计数、MTT增殖实验及流...     

Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances the chemosensitivity of tumors to cisplatin by reducing the basal level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated heme oxygenase-1/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 and prevents normal tissue damage by scavenging cisplatin-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species

The clinical use of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) has been limited by the frequent emergence of cisplatin-resistant cell populations and numerous other adverse effects. Therefore, new agents are required to improve the therapy and health of cancer patients. Oral administration of ginsenoside Rg3 significantly inhibited tumor growth and promoted the anti-neoplastic efficacy of cisplatin in mice inoculated with CT-26 colon cancer cells. In addition, Rg3 administration remarkably inhibited cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. In cell-based experiments, Rg3 inhibited cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in LLC-RK1 kidney and NCTC1469 liver cells but not in CT-26 cancer cells and significantly decreased cisplatin-induced intracellular ROS levels in these cells. In normal cells with cytoplasmically localized Nrf2 and negligible levels of HO-1 and NQO-1, Rg3 substantially decreased cisplatin-induced elevation in HO-1/NQO-1 levels and inhibited cisplatin-induced translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus. In chemoresistant cancer cells with high levels of HO-1/NQO-1 and nuclear Nrf2, both basal and cisplatin-induced levels of HO-1/NQO-1 and nuclear Nrf2 were decreased by Rg3 treatment, thereby enhancing the susceptibility of cancer cells to cisplatin. Collectively, Rg3 promotes the efficacy of cisplatin by inhibiting HO-1 and NQO-1 expression in cancer cells and protects the kidney and liver against tissue damage by preventing cisplatin-induced intracellular ROS generation.     

Bisphenol A induces Nrf2-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes through nitrosylation of Keap1

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the estrogen receptor, leading to the induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. In this study, we found that BPA increased nitric oxide (NO) levels but not reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, and induced drug-metabolizing enzymes such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been reported to be activated by ROS through inactivation of its regulating protein, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1), and to be the key mediator of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, and phase III drug transporters. Treatment of Hep3B with BPA increased the levels of nitrous oxide, a metabolite of nitric oxide and activated Nrf2 by nitrosylation of Keap1, leading to the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and UGT2B1 mRNAs. A nitric oxide donor, 1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-3-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene (NOC7), also activated Nrf2 and a NOS inhibitor, N^G-Monomethyl-l-arginine, monoacetate salt (L-NMMA), inhibited activation of Nrf2 by BPA. Furthermore, calcium efflux by BPA was observed. These results suggested the new idea that BPA increases NO levels and activates Nrf2 via Keap1 inactivation, leading to induction of Nrf2-dependent drug-metabolizing enzymes.     

Knockdown of CTRP6 inhibits high glucose-induced oxidative stress,inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in mesangial cells through regulating the Akt/NF-κB pathway

C1qTNF-related protein 6 (CTRP6) is a member of the CTRP family and exerts a key role in the progression of diabetes mellitus. However, the role of CTRP6 in diabetic nephropathy remains unknown. The present study was designed to examine the roles of CTRP6 in diabetic nephropathy and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that the expression level of CTRP6 was significantly increased in high glucose (HG)-stimulated glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). The following loss/gain-of-function assays demonstrated that CTRP6 knockdown significantly inhibited HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCs. CTRP6 knockdown caused significant decreases in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 production levels in HG-induced MCs. Moreover, knockdown of CTRP6 inhibited HG-stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in MCs characterized by decreased expression and production levels of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV). Furthermore, CTRP6 knockdown suppressed HG-induced the activation of Akt/NF-κB pathway in MCs, while overexpression of CTRP6 exhibited the opposite effects. Treatment with LY294002, an inhibitor of Akt, reversed the induction effects of CTRP6 overexpression on ROS production, inflammation and ECM accumulation in MCs. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that CTRP6 knockdown inhibits HG-induced ROS production, inflammation and ECM accumulation in MCs, which were mediated by the inactivation of the Akt/NF-κB pathway. The roles of CTRP6 in diabetic nephropathy provided evidence for its therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.     

小檗碱通过调控PI3K/Akt通路抑制喉癌细胞生长和转移

目的探讨小檗碱对喉癌Hep2细胞增殖、凋亡和侵袭的影响以及相关作用机制。方法培养Hep2细胞分为空白对照组和5、10、20μmol·L-1小檗碱组,CCK-8检测Hep2的增殖活性,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,划痕实验检测细胞迁移情况,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,Western blot法检测凋亡蛋白酶激活因子1(Apaf1)、剪切后半胱天冬酶(cl-caspase)-9、cl-caspase-3蛋白、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)和p-p65蛋白表达水平。结果与空白对照组相比,5、10、20μmol·L-1小檗碱组细胞增殖活性显著降低(P <0.01);凋亡细胞百分比显著增加(P <0.01),Apaf1、cl-caspase-9和cl-caspase-3蛋白水平显著上调(P <0.01);划痕愈合率显著降低(P <0.01),侵袭细胞数目显著减少(P <0.01);细胞中VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、p-Akt、p-p65蛋白水平显著降低(P <0.01),且均呈浓度依赖性。结论小檗碱通过调控PI3K/Akt通路抑制喉癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,诱导细胞凋亡。     

Daphnetin inhibits high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation,oxidative stress and inflammation in human glomerular mesangial cells

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative stress and inflammation have been documented to play important roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Daphnetin, a natural coumarin compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the role of daphnetin in DN has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of daphnetin in DN and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Our results demonstrated that daphnetin alleviated cell proliferation induced by high glucose (HG) in human mesangial cells (MCs). Daphnetin strikingly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, and induced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HG-stimulated MCs. Besides, the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV) was also inhibited by daphnetin in HG-stimulated MCs. In addition, daphnetin enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibited the levels of p-Akt and p-p65 in HG-stimulated MCs. The results indicated that daphnetin inhibited HG-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and ECM accumulation in human MCs. The effect is partially mediated by Nrf2/keap1 and Akt/NF-κB pathways. The findings suggested that daphnetin might be a therapeutic or preventive agent for DN.