非典型脑膜瘤的CT诊断(附14例报告)

笔者报告14例经手术与病理证实的非典型CT表现的脑膜瘤,其中有:瘤体呈混杂密度;肿瘤内有不规则不强化的低密度区;肿瘤呈环形强化或弧形强化;肿瘤有壁结节出现;全瘤以囊性为主要表现及以瘤周大范围脑水肿为主要表现的各种非典型CT表现。认为脑膜瘤病程较长;增强时瘤体实质部分强化较其他肿瘤显著;窟周水肿位于瘤体一侧的脑质内;有白质塌陷征;部位位于脑膜旁;有局部颅骨骨质改变等特点可有助于鉴别诊断。     

鞍区肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断

目的：探讨鞍区肿瘤的CT表现特征，提高CT诊断和鉴别诊断能力。方法：回顾性分析64例经手术病理证实的鞍区肿瘤CT表现，其中垂腺瘤34例，颅咽管瘤14例，脑膜瘤6例，唾星形细胞瘤5例，胆脂瘤3例，脊索瘤2例。全部病例均经CT平扫与增强扫描。结果：鞍区肿瘤的CT特征随其种类而彼此不同。CT平扫显示为低、等、高或混杂密度肿块，增强扫描后可为均匀性、不均匀性、环状强化或无强化。结论：鞍区的各种瘤具有能被CT平扫各增强扫描所证实的不同特征，从而为该区肿瘤的准确诊断与鉴别诊断提供重要依据。     

囊性脑膜瘤的CT表现

目的分析囊性脑膜瘤的CT表现,提高对其影像学表现的认识。资料与方法回顾性分析12例经病理证实的囊性脑膜瘤患者的CT表现。结果12例囊性脑膜瘤均为良性,肿瘤位于镰旁／窦旁4例,大脑凸面4例,蝶骨嵴3例,小脑幕1例。其主要CT表现有：囊实性肿块,实质部分强化明显（5例）;有壁结节的囊性病变,增强时壁结节强化明显（4例）;环形强化的囊性肿块（3例）;瘤周伴水样低密度区（3例）;邻近骨质增生硬化（4例）。结论CT能显示囊性脑膜瘤的部位、形态、大小、内部特征及瘤周改变,对其诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现及病理基础

【摘要】目的：探讨微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现及病理基础。方法：回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的微囊型脑膜瘤的影像资料，将其MRI表现与病理基础进行对照分析。结果：肿瘤位于大脑凸面12例，大脑镰旁4例。11例表现为边界清楚的、以囊性为主的软组织肿块；肿块在T1WI上呈等或低信号，T2WI上呈高信号，瘤内可见多发分隔影，周围水肿较轻；增强扫描肿瘤呈细网状强化。5例误诊为非典型脑膜瘤（3例）和血管瘤型脑膜瘤（2例），表现为边界清楚的实性软组织肿块，肿瘤内囊变坏死少见。病理上，肿瘤内部可见多发类似细筛状结构（即微囊），可与MRI表现相对应。结论：通过与病理基础的对照分析，可更深入的认识及理解微囊型脑膜瘤的MRI表现，从而有助于提高该肿瘤的术前定性诊断。     

恶性脑膜瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的 分析恶性脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现,提高其术前定性诊断率.方法 回顾性分析10例恶性脑膜瘤的CT、MRI表现.结果 10例肿瘤均为单发,大脑凸面4例,大脑镰旁3例, 海绵窦旁、矢状窦旁及蝶骨嵴各1例.密度、信号不均匀者9例,肿瘤邻近颅骨骨质破坏3例,其中1例局部形成软组织肿块并突向颅外.9例表现为不均匀增强;2例出现粗细不规则的"脑膜尾征".结论 恶性脑膜瘤术前定性有一定困难,关注影像学特征有利于提高恶性脑膜瘤的术前诊断率.     

几种少见病理类型脑膜瘤的MRI表现与病理相关性研究

目的分析几种少见病理类型脑膜瘤的MRI表现,探讨其MRI表现与病理相关性。方法回顾性分析病理证实的微囊型脑膜瘤、透明细胞型及血管瘤型脑膜瘤的临床及MRI资料,10例均行MRI平扫及增强。结果肿瘤发生于大脑半球凸面5例,前颅窝嗅沟1例,上矢状窦旁2例,大脑镰旁2例。8例肿瘤轮廓光整,边界清晰,与邻近颅骨呈宽基底改变。2例肿瘤轮廓不光整,边界不清。8例肿瘤周围见轻度水肿带,1例水肿较明显,1例无明显水肿。6例微囊型脑膜瘤MRI平扫呈长T1、长T2信号,增强后呈网格状强化,2例透明细胞型脑膜瘤MRI平扫表现为长T1、长T2信号,与脑脊液信号接近,增强后呈不均匀环状强化,2例血管瘤型脑膜瘤MRI平扫为稍长T1、长T2信号,肿瘤中可见流空的血管信号,增强后呈显著明显强化。结论微囊型、透明细胞型、血管瘤型脑膜瘤MRI表现与病理改变有明显相关性。     

不典型子宫肌瘤的CT与超声表现

目的：总结13例不典型子宫肌瘤的CT与超声表现，以期提高其诊断与鉴别诊断的准确性。资料与方法：选择经超声、CT检查（增强扫描10例，平扫3例）表现不典型，由手术、病理诊断的子宫平滑肌肿瘤13例，回顾分析其影像学与手术、病理表现。病变包括良性子宫平滑肌瘤11例，恶性2例。发病部位包括阔韧带5例、浆膜下3例、子宫颈1例、肌壁间和术后复发各2例。结果；CT扫描显示肿瘤边界清楚，肿物向上可延伸至髂嵴水平以上，向后下生长位于骶前。CT增强扫描肿瘤密度明显高于或接近腰肌者7例，病理显示肿瘤内均无显著变性；CT扫描肿瘤密度不均匀，超声显示肿瘤囊实性者6例，病理证实肿瘤内粘液样变性4例，液化坏死性囊性变2例。结论：子宫平滑肌瘤的不典型影像表现主要由于肿瘤起源特殊（子宫颈、阔韧带）、肿瘤巨大以及变性所致，CT扫描可表现为边界清楚的巨大盆腹腔或腹膜后肿物；当肿瘤有变性时，肿瘤可呈不均匀强化或很少强化，二维超声可表现为不均匀回声甚至囊实性肿物。     

眼球肿瘤的CT和MRI表现及其临床价值

目的：探讨眼球肿瘤的CT和MRI表现及其在诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。资料与方法：73例眼球肿瘤行CT扫描，45例行MRI扫描，回顾性分析眼球肿瘤的CT和MRI表现。结果：28例视网膜母细胞瘤CT表现为有钙化的肿块；26例色素膜黑色素瘤MRI显示为短T1短T2信号，增强后轻至中度强化；9例脉络膜骨瘤CT表现为眼球壁高密度扁平性肿块；6例转移瘤MRI表现为扁平性肿块，呈略长T1长T2信号；4例脉络膜血管瘤呈长T1明显长T2信号，增强后明显均匀强化。结论：CT和MRI可显示眼球肿瘤的形态、大小及内部特征，有助于诊断和鉴别诊断。     

松果体区肿瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨松果体区肿瘤的CT表现，其诊断提供帮助。方法：对17例松果体区肿瘤行CT扫描，其中2例行MR和血管造影检查。结果：生殖细胞瘤11例，CT平扫多为高密度肿块,有显著强化。松果体钙斑增大，被包埋为特征性表现。常可直接侵犯第三脑室，致脑室内壁线状强化，也可沿脑脊液播散。本组另见畸胎瘤1例，脑膜瘤1例，胶质瘤4例。结论；CT扫描基本反映了松果体区肿瘤的特点，结合临床病史、性别、年龄等资料综合分析，大部分病例可作为定性诊断，对不典型病例诊断困难.     

桥小脑角区肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对桥小脑角区肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的桥脑小脑角区肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT特征。其中听神经瘤9例、胆脂瘤4例、脑膜瘤3例、耳源性脑脓肿5例、三叉神经瘤1例。结果：各种肿瘤的CT特征，随其种类而不同，如听神经瘤均位于内听道开口处，呈等或低密度团块，轻度均匀或环状强化。胆脂瘤呈球形或扁平形，球形位于硬膜外，密度不均，壁有钙化。扁平形位于蛛网膜下腔， 边缘清楚，均匀低密度。脑膜瘤均具有典型脑膜瘤特征，明显强化。耳源性脑脓肿周边有明显水肿、囊壁清晰，囊内呈均匀低密度。三叉神经瘤跨中后颅窝伴岩锥尖骨质破坏。结论：桥脑小脑角区肿瘤各具特点，CT能提供明确诊断。     

少见型脑膜瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨颅内少见型脑膜瘤的CT表现,并提高其诊断准确性。方法15例经手术病理证实的少见型脑膜瘤,包括Nauta型囊性脑膜瘤8例,恶性脑膜瘤4例,多发性脑膜瘤2例以及完全钙化性脑膜瘤1例,术前均经CT平扫,14例又经对比增强扫描。对所有患者的CT表现结合文献复习进行了回顾性分析。结果多数脑膜瘤位于幕上。Nauta型囊性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈囊实性肿块,增强扫描示肿瘤实质部分明显强化,部分囊壁有强化。恶性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈不规则形混杂密度肿块,或囊性肿块伴结节,肿瘤边缘不规则,增强后实质部分明显强化,瘤周水肿广泛。多发性脑膜瘤CT平扫示多发结节灶,增强扫描示肿瘤轻度强化。完全钙化性脑膜瘤CT平扫呈钙化团块,邻近颅骨骨质增生硬化,瘤周无水肿。本组CT术前正确诊断10例,误诊5例。结论颅内少见型脑膜瘤术前CT易误诊。综合分析各型的CT特征,有助于作出正确诊断和鉴别诊断。     

Imaging and clinical characteristics of temporal bone meningioma

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging characteristics of temporal bone meningioma have not been previously reported in the literature. CT and MR imaging findings in 13 cases of temporal bone meningioma are reviewed to define specific imaging features. METHODS: A retrospective review of our institutional case archive revealed 13 cases of histologically confirmed temporal bone meningioma. CT and MR imaging studies were reviewed to characterize mass location, vector of spread, bone changes, enhancement characteristics, and intracranial patterns of involvement. Clinical presenting signs and symptoms were correlated with imaging findings. RESULTS: Thirteen temporal bone meningiomas were reviewed in 8 women and 5 men, aged 18-65 years. Meningiomas were stratified into 3 groups on the basis of location and tumor vector of spread. There were 6 tegmen tympani, 5 jugular foramen (JF), and 2 internal auditory canal (IAC) meningiomas. Tegmen tympani and JF meningiomas were characterized by spread to the middle ear cavity. IAC meningiomas, by contrast, spread to the cochlea and vestibule. Hearing loss was the most common clinical presenting feature in all cases of temporal bone meningioma (10/13). The presence of tumor adjacent to the ossicles strongly correlated with conductive hearing loss (7/9). CONCLUSION: Meningioma involving the temporal bone is rare. Three subgroups of meningioma exist in this location: tegmen tympani, JF, and IAC meningioma. Tegmen tympani and JF meningiomas spread to the middle ear cavity. IAC meningiomas spread to intralabyrinthine structures. Conductive hearing loss is commonly seen in these patients and can be surgically correctable.     

脑内等密度占位性病变的CT诊断途径分析(附116例报告)

目的：分析总结脑内等密度占位性病变的CT征象及诊断途径，加强对此类疾病的认识，提高诊断准确率。方法：回顾分析经病理或治疗随访证实的116例脑内等密度占位性病变的CT征象特点，其中109例行CT增强检查。结果：116例中，确诊主要途径为：仅通过CT平扫确诊10例，结合CT平扫及增强确诊59例，结合病史确诊16例，结合临床查体确诊9例。结合其他影像或实验室检查确诊15例。脑瘤87例，其中胶质瘤34例、转移瘤31例、脑膜瘤10例、垂体瘸5例、其他7例，亚急性硬膜外或硬膜下血肿15例，脑脓肿7例，脑血管畸形4例，脑囊虫病3例。结论：通过仔细分析CT平片和全面结合病史、临床查体、其他检查，提示脑内占位性病变，并尽可能做出神经功能定位，再辅以CT增强，必要时随访，对于正确诊断脑内等密度占位性病变，减少漏诊，避免误诊，非常重要。     

灶周水肿对脑瘤卒中与单纯脑出血的CT鉴别诊断辅助价

目的：探讨灶周水肿对脑瘤卒中与单纯脑出血的ＣＴ鉴别诊断的辅助价值。材料与方法：１０例中,男７例,女３例。年龄１７～６６岁,均急性起病。发病至初次ＣＴ检查时间２～２４小时。５例还作了ＣＴ增强检查。结果：星形细胞瘤７例,脑膜瘤３例。ＣＴ表现：１０例均见境界清楚的高密度血肿;５例见肿瘤实体,５例未见明显瘤灶;Ⅲ级灶周水肿６例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ级灶周水肿各２例,均与血肿期龄不符。结论：脑瘤卒中早期,灶周水肿主要由肿瘤引起的血管源性水肿,而非血肿产生。所以在瘤体不明显的病例,如发现灶周水肿与血肿期龄不符,应考虑肿瘤卒中可能     

CT and MRI features of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to describe the CT and MRI findings of recurrent tumors and second primary (malignant and benign) neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma and to evaluate imaging features to assist in distinguishing them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of 445 pathologically confirmed retinoblastomas were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-four patients with recurrent retinoblastomas and 15 patients with second primary neoplasms who underwent CT and MRI were evaluated by two radiologists with agreement by consensus. RESULTS: Invasive patterns of recurrent tumors included type A, intraocular tumor (n = 13); type B, intraorbital tumor with spread into the optic nerve shown as enlargement and marked enhancement of the optic nerve on contrast-enhanced CT or MRI (n = 6); and type C, tumor extending to the lateral aspect of the orbit and invading the brain via the sphenoidal bone (n = 2). Thirty-eight percent of patients with recurrent tumors had distant metastases (n = 7) or leptomeningeal metastases (n = 6). Leptomeningeal metastases were found only in recurrent tumors. Second primary neoplasms included osteosarcoma (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 5), meningioma (n = 4), and other tumors (n = 3). A significant difference was seen between the patients' ages at the time of diagnosis of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms (p < 0.0001). Extraorbital tumors were found more frequently among second primary neoplasms than among recurrent tumors (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Both recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in patients with retinoblastoma often show characteristic imaging features. The tumor distribution on CT and MRI may help in differentiating recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms.     

Focal peliosis hepatis as a mimicker of hepatic tumors: radiological-pathological correlation

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the radiological findings in patients with focal peliosis hepatis and to correlate them with pathological findings. METHODS: Eight patients with pathologically proven peliosis hepatis underwent ultrasonography (n = 6), computed tomography (CT; n =8), and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 3). Two radiologists analyzed the images for the size, margin, echogenicity, presence of posterior acoustic enhancement, and enhancement pattern of the lesion. The enhancement patterns on CT or MRI were correlated with the pathological findings. RESULTS: The average lesion size was 1.9 cm. On ultrasonography, 4 lesions were ill defined and low echoic compared with the hepatic parenchyma. Two lesions showed posterior acoustic enhancement. In 4 lesions, centripetal enhancement was observed on dynamic CT images. Two lesions showed homogeneously high and 2 showed persistently low enhancement patterns. On dynamic MR phases, 2 lesions showed strong and persistent enhancement. In 1 lesion, MR showed slow centripetal enhancement. In the 3 patients who showed a homogeneously high enhancement pattern on dynamic CT or MRI, microscopic examination demonstrated that the dilated sinusoids were filled with fresh blood cells. On the contrary, in 5 patients who showed a centripetal or persistently low enhancement pattern, their dilated sinusoids were filled with old stagnated blood. CONCLUSIONS: Focal peliosis hepatis showed various enhancement patterns on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI, depending on the histopathologic findings.     

腹膜后脂肪肉瘤:螺旋CT动态增强的表现

目的:分析腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的CT表现及其血液动力学特征,以提高其诊断准确性.方法:经手术病理证实的腹膜后脂肪肉瘤13例,术前经螺旋CT或多排螺旋CT平扫、动脉期和门脉期扫描,注射流率3ml/s.复习CT扫描结果并和手术病理作回顾性对照分析.结果:13例脂肪肉瘤中脂肪瘤样脂肪肉瘤5例,硬化型2例,黏液型3例,去分化型2例,混合型1例.肿瘤形态不规则9例,规则4例.直径11.3～29.7cm,平均14.9cm.不同类型肿瘤和同一肿瘤不同区域密度多样.肿瘤实质成分动脉期轻度至中度强化,内可见肿瘤血管;门脉期强化程度有所增加,不同类型肿瘤和同一肿瘤不同区域强化程度和强化方式多样.结论:腹膜后脂肪肉瘤境界不清,跨腹膜后器官间隙生长,成分复杂,动态增强为进行性延迟强化.认识脂肪肉瘤的各种表现有助于提高诊断率.     

前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像诊断与病理对照研究

目的:探讨前颅凹底脑膜瘤的影像学和病理组织学之间的关系.材料和方法:病理证实的前颅凹底脑膜瘤27例,男8例,女19例.年龄13～79岁,平均62岁.均行MRI检查(增强16例);15例行CT检查(增强8例).分析CT、MRI影像,并与手术病理对照.结果:27例前颅凹底脑膜瘤,起源于嗅沟15例,前颅凹底6例,眶顶4例,鞍结节向前生长2例.多数水肿明显,均匀增强;少数不均匀增强,并出现脑膜尾征,少数伴钙化、坏死、囊变和出血.累及邻近颅骨时引起骨质增生.结论:前颅凹底脑膜瘤具有典型的影像学表现.CT和MRI具有诊断价值,MRI优于CT ,但CT观察钙化和骨质改变优于MRI.     

胸部腹外型侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT表现

目的：分析发生于胸部的腹外型侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT表现,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析19例经手术病理证实的胸部侵袭性纤维瘤病患者的CT 表现。19例均行 CT 平扫,9例行增强扫描,1例行 CTA 检查。结果：19例共检出23个病灶,其中3例为多发病灶（发生于软组织1例、骨骼2例）。病变位于软组织15例共16个病灶（两侧和前胸壁8个、背部5个、肩部1个、腋窝1个）,位于骨骼4例共7个病灶（肋骨5个、胸肋关节1个、胸骨上段1个）。16个软组织肿块中呈类圆形或梭形13个,分叶形或不规则形3个;边界不清13个,边界清晰3个（其中2个有假包膜）;CT平扫表现为等或低密度肿块14个,囊实性肿块2个,3个病灶内可见钙化（分别呈点状、弧形和爆米花样）;增强扫描9例共10个病灶中,表现为轻度均匀强化2个,明显不均匀强化2个,边缘轻度强化1个,边缘明显强化2个,轻中度不均匀强化2个,多发小圆形轻中度环形强化1个;5个病灶可见肿瘤与骨质粘连伴骨质破坏。4例共7个骨骼病灶,CT 平扫6个表现为骨内软组织肿块、膨胀性骨质破坏（1个出现周缘硬化边）,1个表现为软组织肿块伴有局限性骨皮质压迫吸收;肿块呈较低密度3个,等或稍低密度3个,稍高密度1个;1例行增强扫描,肿瘤呈轻度～中度不均匀强化。结论：胸部侵袭性纤维瘤病的CT表现有一定特征性,CT对本病具有较高的诊断价值。