正骨手法保守治疗旋后外旋型Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的临床研究

目的 ：探讨正骨手法保守治疗旋后外旋型Ⅲ、Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的临床疗效。方法 ：自2017年1月至2019年12月,对64例旋后外旋型Ⅲ、Ⅳ度踝关节骨折患者分别采用手法复位保守治疗（手法组）和切开复位钢板螺钉内固定术治疗（手术组）,每组32例。手法组男17例,女15例,年龄15～79(51.42±13.68)岁;根据Lauge-Hansen分型,旋后外旋型Ⅲ度8例,Ⅳ度24例。手术组男13例,女19例;年龄18～76(47.36±15.02)岁;Lauge-Hansen分型旋后外旋型Ⅲ度7例,Ⅳ度25例。采用Digimizer软件测量并比较两组患者治疗前、治疗后3和12个月踝关节骨折移位程度,测算内踝侧方移位、内踝上下移位、外踝侧方移位、外踝前后移位、外踝短缩移位、后踝上下移位数值并进行比较,采用Mazur踝关节评分进行踝关节功能评价。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间12～36(17.16±9.36)个月。手法组复位前后踝关节内踝侧方移位、内踝上下移位、外踝侧方移位、外踝前后移位、外踝短缩移位、后踝上下移位比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;手法组与手术组治疗后3个月内踝侧方移位、内...     

踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨折手术治疗的临床研究

目的 探讨踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨折手术治疗对踝关节功能恢复的影响.方法 对56例踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨折行切开复位内固定术治疗,术中根据不同骨折块采取不同内固定方法.结果 本组随访1年,采用Olerud和Molangder的踝关节愈后评分系统,优49例,良5例,可2例,优良率96.4%.结论 踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ...     

手术治疗老年旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折

目的探讨老年旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的手术治疗技巧及疗效。方法手术治疗38例老年旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折患者,通过后外侧及内侧切口入路,根据骨折块大小和形态选择固定方法。结果 3例失访;35例获得随访,时间8~36个月。35例患者骨折均愈合,未出现内固定松动及断裂。末次随访踝-后足功能评分为87.6分±11.2分,其中优14例,良20例,可1例。踝关节活动度:背伸8°~18°,跖屈28°~47°。结论手术治疗老年旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折,必须根据骨折块形态及移位方向合理选择切口入路及内固定方式,才能最大程度提高手术疗效和降低并发症。     

三菱针内固定治疗旋前外旋型踝关节骨折

我院自 1990年 10月～ 1998年 5月 ,应用三棱针内固定和结合手法整复及术后“Ｕ”形石膏托外固定的方法治疗旋前外旋型踝关节骨折 32例 ,疗效满意。报告如下 :1　临床资料32例中男 2 4例 ,女 8例 ;年龄 10～ 5 2岁。 32例均为旋前外旋型骨折。根据Ｌａｕｇｅ Ｈａｎｓｔｎ分型[1] ,Ⅰ度 3例 ;Ⅱ度 6例 ;Ⅲ度 11例 ;Ⅳ度 2 1例。2　治疗方法全部病例均采用外踝或腓骨下段切开复位三棱针内固定。结合手法整复 ,短腿“Ｕ”型石膏托外固定的治疗方法。首先常规碘伏消毒踝关节术野区 ,铺无菌巾 ,贴外科薄膜。取患肢腓骨下段或外踝纵形切口[2 ] ,…     

旋前外旋型踝关节骨折的诊断与治疗体会

踝关节是人体重要的负重关节,其结构复杂、关节活动度大.在人们日常行走、体育锻炼以及工作中,踝关节损伤时有发生.随着对踝关节骨折研究的深入和内固定技术的发展,踝关节损伤的治疗效果得到了显著的提升.但踝关节损伤后遗留慢性疼痛以及创伤性关节炎,并最终出现功能障碍的病例并不少见,除了踝关节本身结构精细、关节灵活和周围韧带结构复杂的原因外,医生对于踝关节损伤机制的认识不够深刻以及忽视病史及体格检查的重要性也是部分病人踝关节骨折术后功能恢复不满意的原因.     

旋后外旋型踝关节骨折中下胫腓联合的治疗

目的探讨旋后外旋型踝关节骨折中下胫腓联合分离的诊断与处理。方法2002年3月～2004年6月，38例踝关节骨折患，按Lauge-Hansen分型，20例为旋后外旋型损伤，通过摄应力X线片及术中固定内、外踝后摄片证实3例下胫腓联合分离，均行螺钉固定。结果16例患得到随访，随访4个月～2．3年，平均1．5年。根据Baird-Jackson评分，优11例，良2例，可2例，差1例，优良率为81．1％。结论判断旋后外旋型踝部骨折中下胫腓分离最可靠的方法是固定内、外踝后摄X线片，以证实是否有分离。螺钉应在12周左右取出，防止折断。     

踝关节旋后外旋犁Ⅲ～IV度骨折手术治疗的临床研究

目的探讨踝关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～IV度骨折手术治疗对踝关节功能恢复的影响。方法对56例跺关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～IV度骨折行切开复似内固定术治疗,术中根据不同骨折块采取不同内固定方法。结果本组随访1年,采用Olerud和Molangder的踝关节愈后评分系统,优49例,良5例,可2例,优良率96．4％。结论踩关节旋后外旋型Ⅲ～IV度骨折行切开复位内固定术,可根据骨折分离的不引而采取不同的内固定物,矧时充分考虑老年患者骨质疏松因素,使术后踝关节达到相对坚强固定、有效加胍和抗旋转作用。     

踝关节Ⅲ、Ⅳ度旋前外旋型骨折的手术治疗

目的总结踝关节Ⅲ、Ⅳ度旋前外旋型踝关节骨折手术复位内固定的治疗效果。方法采用手术方法治疗Lauge-HansenⅢ、Ⅳ度旋前外旋型踝关节骨折42例。结果 42例均获得随访,采用踝关节Baird-Jackson评分:优17例,良18例,可5例,差2例,优良率83.33%。结论对于踝关节Ⅲ、Ⅳ度旋前外旋型踝关节骨折,关节面的解剖复位、选择合适的内固定方式、早期功能锻炼、避免过早负重是治疗成功的关键。     

闭合复位克氏针及空心钉内固定治疗旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折

目的探讨旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折的微创治疗方法及疗效。方法对22例旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折患者采用闭合复位克氏针及空心钉内固定治疗。结果 18例患者获得随访,时间4~10个月。伤口均一期愈合,无感染。骨折均愈合,无明显疼痛不适。采用AOFAS踝关节-后足评分标准：优12例,良7例,一般3例。结论闭合复位经皮克氏针及空心钉固定治疗旋后外旋型Ⅳ度踝关节骨折,切口小,感染率低,疗效良好。     

Functional bracing treatment for stable type B ankle fractures

BackgroundIn general, stable type B ankle fractures are treated conservatively with cast immobilization or a walking boot during six weeks. Some disadvantages of casting are joint stiffness, muscle wasting and lack of comfort. This study was designed to evaluate whether functional treatment with a removable brace is a safe and more comfortable alternative.Material and methodsRandomized controlled trial. In the period March 2013 - May 2015, 44 patients visiting the emergency department due to a stable type B ankle fracture were included. During the first week both groups received a splint. After one week the patients were randomized: one group received a cast, the other a removable brace. For outcome Olerud & Molander Ankle Score, Visual Analogue Score for comfort and pain, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle score questionnaire, EuroQol-5D and range of motion were used.Results44 patients participated (21 cast, 23 brace). There were no differences in baseline characteristics. After 6 weeks, VAS for comfort (cast vs brace; 5.74 vs 7.21; p = 0.02) and total range of motion (40° vs 49°; p = 0.00) showed significant differences in favour of the brace. VAS pain (3.15 vs 2.05; p = 0.16), OMA-score (51.75 vs 61.32; p = 0.22) en EuroQoL-5D (7.26 vs 6.74; p = 0.33) did not show significant differences. Week 52 showed no significant differences at OMA-score (89.29 vs 96.18; p = 0.16), EuroQoL-5D (6.00 vs 5.35; p = 0.15), VAS pain (1.07 vs 0.82; p = 0.69) and AAOS score (91.71 vs 96.06; p = 0.21). No complications occurred in both groups.ConclusionFunctional bracing showed significant differences for the VAS comfort score and range of motion at 6 weeks compared to casting. After a year no significant differences were found. Treatment with a brace is a safe and more comfortable option for stable type B ankle fractures.     

Diagnosing syndesmotic instability in ankle fractures

The precise diagnosis of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic ligament injury is challenging and a distinction should be made between syndesmotic ligament disruption and real syndesmotic instability. This article summarizes the available evidence in the light of the author's opinion. Pre-operative radiographic assessment, standard radiographs, computed tomography scanning and magnetic resonance imaging are of limited value in detecting syndesmotic instability in acute ankle fractures but can be helpful in planning. Intra-operative stress testing, in the sagittal, coronal or exorotation direction, is more reliable in the diagnosis of syndesmotic instability of rotational ankle fractures. The Hook or Cotton test is more reliable than the exorotation stress test. The lateral view is more reliable than the AP mortise view because of the larger displacement in this direction. When the Hook test is used the force should be applied in the sagittal direction. A force of 100 N applied to the fibula seems to be appropriate. In the case of an unstable joint requiring syndesmotic stabilisation, the tibiofibular clear space would exceed 5 mm on the lateral stress test. When the surgeon is able to perform an ankle arthroscopy this technique is useful to detect syndesmotic injury and can guide anatomic reduction of the syndesmosis. Many guidelines formulated in this article are based on biomechanical and cadaveric studies and clinical correlation has to be established.     

Factors Influencing patient experience and satisfaction following surgical management of ankle fractures

BackgroundPatient feedback is increasingly important to inform and develop effective healthcare within the United Kingdom. In order to optimise patient experience of ankle fracture care in our unit, we sought to identify elements of practice associated with poor patient experience and low levels of satisfaction.MethodsAdult patients with closed ankle fractures requiring fixation over a ten month period were prospectively identified. Prior to discharge all patients completed the Picker Patient Experience Questionnaire (PPE-15), satisfaction visual analogue scale (VAS: 0–10) and a demographic questionnaire. Operative delay and cancellation episodes were similarly noted. PPE-15 and satisfaction VAS data were collected concurrently from a control group of elective hip and knee arthroplasty patients.Results52 patients (23 males) of average age 47 years (17–86) underwent ankle fracture fixation. Median pre-operative length of stay (LOS) was 3 days (IQR 1–6). Ankle fracture patients had significantly worse experiences compared to arthroplasty patients (p < 0.05 across all 15 PPE domains). Once pre-operative length of stay exceeded 3 days patients reported more areas of concerns (6 of 15) than those waiting 3 days or less (4 of 15) (p = 0.02). Cancelled patients reported significantly worse experiences, with satisfaction VAS of 7 (versus 9 in those not cancelled [p = 0.005]), and median of 6 PPE-15 domains of concern (versus 3.5 [p = 0.03]).ConclusionsEfforts to improve the healthcare experience of patients with ankle fractures should be focused on improving processes that minimise cancellation of surgery and the communication around delay management.     

Fixation of ankle fragility fractures by tibiotalocalcaneal nail

Introduction Fragility fractures of the ankle are difficult to treat by conventional fixation due to poor bone quality, compromised soft tissues, and inherent instability. Conservative management of these patients also has its problems. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed 13 patients who underwent intramedullary nailing through the tibiotalocalcaneal joints in an attempt to achieve the dual aims of fracture control and early mobilisation. The Olerud and Molander scale was used as outcome measures. Results There were 12 females and 1 male with a mean age of 78.9 (range 64–93). Half of the patients were discharged from hospital within the first 2 weeks after the operation. All achieved a comparable function to their pre-operative state. The mean follow-up period was 11 months (range of 2–62 months). Six are now deceased from unrelated causes. The mean Olerud and Molander score was 50 (range 30–65). All the radiographs showed evidence of fracture union with no changes in the overall alignment of the joint. Conclusion Given the low survivorship of this frail group of patients the main objectives are achieving early mobilisation whilst maintaining good fracture position. In our experience, tibiotalocalcaneal nailing is a very useful and successful way of treating fragility fractures of the ankle because it has a low risk of complications and restores function with impressive patient satisfaction. The potential benefits of this technique, we believe, outweigh the disability ensued from subtalar joint fusion.     

Improvement in the treatment of stable ankle fractures: an audit based approach

Stable ankle fracture patients form a distinct, clinically benign group in which functional treatment can be used. An initial retrospective audit of the fracture clinic records of our institution for 1 calendar year demonstrated that recognition and functional treatment of stable ankle fractures was rarely followed. After the introduction of formal departmental evidence-based guidelines, subsequent audits have showed progressive improvements with significant reductions of time spent immobilised in plaster, time spent non-weight bearing and number of routine check radiographs, without compromising patient safety. This study illustrates the value of evidence-based guidelines in maintaining high standards of care over time.     

Surgical versus conservative management of ankle fractures in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AimsThis study compared outcomes of surgical versus conservative management of ankle fractures in adults through a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL databases (1946–June 2019) for randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing surgical versus conservative management of closed adult ankle fractures of any type. Estimates of effect were pooled using random effects meta-analysis.Results1153 patients from 7 trials were included. Our primary outcome, ankle function score, was not statistically significantly different at 6-months (pooled mean difference (surgical minus conservative) = 1.0; 95% CI: −2.3 to 4.3; p = 0.55) or 12-months or more (pooled mean difference = 4.6; 95% CI: −1.0 to 10.2; p = 0.11) between surgical and conservative groups in three trials assessing displaced or unstable fractures, and two trials using non-validated questionnaires. One trial assessing AO-type-B1 fractures without talar shift had a statistically significant difference favouring conservative management, which was not clinically meaningful. Surgery had lower rates of early treatment failure and malunion/non-union, but higher rates of further surgery and infection.ConclusionsSurgical and conservative management of displaced or unstable ankle fractures produce similar short-term functional outcomes. The higher risk of early treatment failure and malunion/non-union in the conservative group versus higher rates of further surgery and infection in the surgical group should be considered. Trials are needed to assess longer-term results and inform management of select patient groups.     

Population-based epidemiology of 9767 ankle fractures

Background

The purpose was to provide up-to-date information concerning the incidence of ankle fractures in a large and complete population including all age groups, spanning a decade, and report the distribution of fractures, trauma mechanism and patient baseline demographics.

Home therapy pathway – Safe and streamlined method of initial management of ankle fractures

BackgroundAnkle fractures requiring operative fixation often swell up after 24 h and surgery during this period is not feasible as there are several associated risks including infection and wound breakdown. The affected limb is kept elevated usually in hospital and once the swelling has sufficiently subsided then the operation takes place. We conducted a study looking at the impact of a home therapy ankle pathway on the length of stay and safety of patients with ankle fractures requiring surgical fixation.MethodsThe length of stay of a control group was studied from December 2009 to March 2010. The home therapy ankle pathway was then introduced in August 2010. If patients could not have their operation within 24 h then they were placed in a Plaster of Paris back slab in casualty with the ankle reduced, limb care advice given – elevation, cooling and DVT thromboprophylaxis – and the patient was discharged home on crutches after a slot was determined on the trauma list typically six days later. The patient was also given an emergency contact number in case an untoward event occurred, and they were called at least once during their home stay by hospital staff to ensure all was well. Patients who were unsafe to be discharged on home therapy were admitted. This cohort of patients was studied between August 2010 and December 2011ResultsIn the control group, 49 ankle fractures required operative intervention. The mean pre-operative length of stay was 2.88 days and the mean post op length of stay was 5 days. Between August 2010 and December 2011, after implementation of the pathway, 176 ankle fractures requiring operative treatment presented to the orthopaedic department. Of these, 105 were eligible for home therapy on the ankle pathway prior to surgery. The average pre-operative length of stay on the pathway was 0.17 days. The average post op length of stay was 1.72 days (P < 0.001 in all modalities). Home therapy was carried out for an average of 6.63 days. Challenges of home therapy included persistent swelling and blistering (11), loss of reduction (4), poor pain management whilst at home (4) and cancellation due to lack of availability of a theatre slot (6).ConclusionWith patients in whom it is indicated, the home therapy ankle pathway has proved to be a safe and resource sparing method of managing ankle fractures prior to surgery.     

New concepts in the treatment of ankle joint fractures

Introduction The most important factor in the treatment of ankle joint fractures is stable anatomical reconstruction of the syndesmosis and joint surface. In the course of this, attention must be paid to soft-tissue damage with the risk of deep infections. Early functional therapy and exercise tolerance must be called for. The choice of surgical access route, in particular in the case of critical arterial circulation, and the possible irritation of the soft tissue by the osteosynthesis material prompted us to seek alternative osteosynthesis techniques.Material and methods Following a preclinical study and very good initial results with the XS nail in the treatment of patella and olecranon fractures, this was now also used for ankle joint fractures at the medial malleolus and lateral malleolus. In the period from 5/2000 to 1/2002, 194 ankle joint fractures were treated using the XS nail. These were predominantly Weber B, C and bimalleolar fractures. In the case of ankle joint fractures, osteosynthesis was carried out following precise open fracture repositioning. In the case of isolated fibula fractures, early loading was allowed within 1 week; in the case of bimalleolar fractures, there was immediate partial loading with 20 kg for 4 weeks, after which they were subjected to full loading. Where there was an additional Volkmann fracture, we allowed only immediate partial loading with 10 kg for 6 weeks. All 194 patients were observed prospectively, and 162 (83.5%) could be followed up after 15 months. The results were classified according to the scale described by Olerud.Results It has been possible to follow up 162 patients, with an average age of 49.7 years. There were 62 (38.3%) Weber B and 45 (27.8%) Weber C fractures. In 55 (34.0%) cases, bimalleolar fractures were present. According to the Olerud score, 95 (58.6%) of the patients had an excellent outcome, 54 (33.3%) a good one, 9 (5.5%) a fair one and 4 (2.5%) an unsatisfactory outcome. In 3 cases a threaded wire dislocation occurred, without complications. Two mesh graft transplants were necessary; otherwise, there were no soft-tissue problems requiring review. One pseudarthrosis was seen.Conclusion The XS nail which is introduced here fulfils the requirements made of an implant as regards maximum protection of soft tissue, secure fracture fixation and early exercise tolerance, including ankle fractures. No implant dislocation, no deep infection and no re-osteosynthesis were observed. Its advantages over conventional techniques lie precisely in the treatment of complex fractures and for patients with poor bone, vascular and soft-tissue situations.