原发性输尿管癌影响预后因素分析

目的　探讨原发性输尿管癌影响预后因素及术后发生膀胱癌的危险因素。　方法　16 0例输尿管癌中男 93例 ,女 6 7例 ,平均年龄 6 3.7岁。左侧 81例 ,右侧 79例 ;上段 30例 ,中段 2 1例 ,下段 96例 ,单侧多发 13例。病理分期Ta9例 ,T15 8例 ,T2 4 6例 ,T3 4 1例 ,T46例 ;分级G14例 ,G2 119例 ,G3 37例。 16 0例均行手术治疗 ,其中肾、输尿管全长加膀胱袖状切除 12 4例 (77.5 % )。总结临床病理学资料 ,对随访结果进行统计学分析。　结果　患者 5年生存率 5 3.0 % ,其中Ta、T1、T2 患者 5年生存率 (83.3%、71.9%、5 9.1% )与T3 和T45年生存率 (37.5 %、16 .7% )比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 0 0 1) ;G1、G2 患者的 5年生存率 (10 0 .0 %、6 3.5 % )与G3 (19.0 % )比较差异有统计学意义 (P =0 .0 0 1)。肿瘤分期分级是影响预后的因素。 16 0例输尿管癌术后发生膀胱癌者 38例 (2 3.8% )。多因素分析结果显示 ,伴有同发膀胱癌和下段输尿管癌是术后发生膀胱癌的危险因素 (P =0 .0 0 1,P =0 .0 0 5 )。　结论　原发性输尿管癌分期分级是影响预后因素 ;伴有同发膀胱癌和下段输尿管癌是术后发生膀胱癌的危险因素。     

clinical studies on primary renal pelvic tumors

The 15 cases of the primary renal pelvic tumors treated at our Hospital between 1974 and 1983, were reviewed retrospectively. The patients ranged in age from 41 to 74 years old (average: 58.3 years old). There were 11 males and 4 females, the ratio being 2.8:1.0. The affected side was left in 9 cases and right in 6 cases. The most frequent symptom was macrohematuria, which was seen in 12 cases (80%). The major finding of IVP was non-functioning kidney, which was seen in 8 cases (53.3%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 8 cases (53.3%). As the surgical method, total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed in 8 cases, nephroureterectomy in one case and nephrectomy in 6 cases. Histologically, 14 cases were transitional cell carcinoma and one case was squamous cell carcinoma. Simultaneous urothelial tumors were seen in the bladder of 2 patients. A subsequent ureteral tumor was found in one of the 7 cases in which ureters were resected incompletely, and subsequent bladder tumors were found in 8 of the 15 cases receiving surgical treatment in the follow-up period. All of tumors were found within 2 years after operation. Over-all actual survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87%, 67%, 48%, respectively. Three and 5 year actual survival rates were 100%, 100% respectively for the low stage group and 59%, 29% respectively for the high stage group. Three and 5 year actual survival rates were 100%, 78%, respectively for the low grade group and 44%, 27% respectively for the high grade group. Among several factors, stage and grade of the tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis.     

输尿管癌预后相关因素的临床研究

目的探讨影响输尿管癌患者预后的重要因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2005年12月133例接受手术治疗的原发输尿管癌患者的临床资料。结果在133例输尿管癌患者中,分期为Ta～T1的表浅输尿管癌42例（31．6％）,分期为12-T4的浸润性输尿管癌91例（68．4％）,肿瘤位于输尿管下段63例（47．4％）。数据显示越靠近输尿管下段的肿瘤较易呈浸润性生长。输尿管下段癌的生存率明显低于上、中段癌。多因素Cox生存率分析结果表明肿瘤的分级、分期与生存率密切相关。结论输尿管癌在输尿管下段好发,与膀胱癌不同,更容易呈浸润性生长,而且越接近输尿管下段的肿瘤分期越高。多因素Cox生存率分析表明输尿管癌的分级和分期是判断预后最重要的因素。     

输尿管部分切除术治疗原发性输尿管癌临床疗效分析（附14例报告）

目的：探讨保留肾脏的输尿管部分切除术治疗原发性输尿管癌的可行性及疗效。方法：回顾性分析2000年4月～2010年4月14例输尿管中下段癌患者行保留肾脏的输尿管部分切除术（治疗组）的临床资料。从术后膀胱癌发生率、疾病特异性生存率等方面与同期29例行输尿管癌根治术（对照组）进行比较。结果：治疗组12例获得随访,术后膀胱癌发生率为16．7％（2／12）,疾病特异性生存率1年为91．7％（11／12）,5年为75．0％。对照组24例获随访,术后膀胱癌发生率为12．5％（3／24）,疾病特异性生存率1年为95．8％（23／24）,5年为79．2％。两组术后膀胱癌发生率及1年、5年疾病特异性生存率比较差异均无统计学意义（均P〉O．05）。结论：基于输尿管癌双侧致病同步及异时性特点,在能严格随访的条件下,输尿管部分切除术＋输尿管连续性的重建可以应用于适当选择的中下段输尿管癌患者。     

Clinical study of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. 2: Primary ureteral tumors

Twenty-five primary ureteral tumors treated at our University between 1963 and 1981, were reviewed retrospectively. The conclusions of this study are as follows. Sex and age distribution of the patients were 18 males and 7 females (2.6: 1), and average age was 63.04 years old. The major symptom was hematuria. The majority of the patients were admitted to our clinic within 6 months from manifestation of symptoms. The major finding of IVP was non-functioning kidney. The positive rate of urinary cytology was 63.2%. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed in 21 out of 23 cases. Histologically, 22 cases were transitional cell carcinoma and one case was squamous cell carcinoma. Simultaneous urothelial tumor was found in 13 cases in the bladder. Most of the ureteral tumors (63.6%) were found in the lower third segment of the ureter. Subsequent urothelial tumors were seen in 3 bladders and one urethra out of 22 cases receiving surgical treatment in the follow-up period. The 5-year survival rate by actuarial method was 39.4%. Among several factors, grade and stage of tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis. An effective method of post-operative treatment could not be established.     

A clinical study of associated bladder cancer in patients with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer

We reviewed 76 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer, admitted to our hospital between January, 1975 and December, 1988, with special reference to the occurrence of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer was associated with an upper urinary tract neoplasm in 35 of the 76 cases (46.1%), 7 with a preceding bladder cancer, 17 with a coexistent one and 11 with a subsequent one. In case of renal pelvic and upper ureteral cancer the incidence of coexistent or subsequent tumors of the bladder was 28.7% (16 of 56 patients). However, in the cases of lower ureteral cancer the incidence of these tumors was 82.4% (14 of 17 patients). This incidence was significantly higher than that in renal pelvic and upper ureteral cancer. The subsequent bladder cancer was observed in 19 patients including 8 patients who had a recurrence of the bladder cancer after the treatment for a preceding and coexistent bladder cancer. The cancer in most cases occurred within 2 years after the treatment of the upper urinary tract neoplasm. Of 19 patients who had subsequent bladder cancer 11 had primary sites in the renal pelvis and upper ureter. Another 8 patient had primary sites in the lower ureter. Four of the 8 subsequent bladder cancers in patients with lower ureteral cancer occurred just on and around the affected ureteral orifice. All these 4 tumors were high grade and high stage tumors. On the other hand, another 15 patients developed subsequent bladder cancer in a place other than the affected ureteral orifice. Of these 15 patients, 13 cases showed a low grade and low stage tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

影响肾盂输尿管癌预后的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响肾盂输尿管癌患者的预后因素. 方法回顾性分析220例经病理证实的肾盂输尿管癌患者资料.男146例,女74例.年龄38～84岁.肾盂癌103例,输尿管癌84例,肾盂癌合并输尿管癌13例,肾盂癌合并膀胱癌5例,输尿管癌合并膀胱癌11例,肾盂癌、输尿管癌、膀胱癌同时发生4例.TNM分期:Ta2例、T1116例、T248例、T337例、T417例;WHO分级:G15例、G287例、G3128例.选择11个对预后可能产生影响的因素,应用Cox比例风险回归分析各因素与术后生存率的关系,生存率分析采用Kaplan-Meier方法.生存分析比较采用Gehan比分检验和Log-rank时序检验.应用logistic回归分析各因素与术后再发膀胱癌的关系. 结果 Ta～T1患者5年生存率为80.5%(95/118),T2为70.8%(34/48),T3为45.9%(17/37),T4为17.6%(3/17),Ta～T1、T2与T3～T4之间比较差异有统计学意义(u=9.429,P=0.002).输尿管肾镜术治疗组生存率与其他手术组生存率分析比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.217,P=0.641).影响肾盂输尿管癌患者长期生存率的因素为年龄(RR=1.639,P-0.027)、症状初发到手术时间(RR=1.279,P=0.019)、肿瘤分期(RR=1.373,P=0.011).与术后再发膀胱癌显著相关的因素足肿瘤多部位生长(RR=11.292,P=0.003)及伴发膀胱癌(RR=8.780,P=0.001). 结论 年龄、症状初发到手术时间、肿瘤分期是影响肾盂输尿管癌患者长期存活的危险因素,肿瘤多部位生长及伴发膀胱癌是术后再发膀胱癌的高风险因素.     

A clinical study of associated bladder cancer in patients with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer]

Retrospective study on the frequency of associated bladder cancer and the influence on the prognosis was carried out in 170 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer. The number of cases of associated bladder cancer coexistent with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer was 31 (18.2%), and the number of subsequent cases 3 (19.4%). The frequency of occurrence of the primary tumor site was 27.2% in the renal pelvis, 45.6% in the ureter and 58.3% in both renal pelvis and ureter. Multiple tumors occurring in the renal pelvis and ureter occupy a high percentage. As for the degree of differentiation, many cases were subsequent to G1. As for the stage, a few cases with bladder cancer were subsequent to T4, but there was no definite tendency in the occurrence of bladder cancer. The prognosis of renal pelvic and ureteral cancer: the 10-year survival rate was 93.3% for G1, 66.6% for G2 and 12.4% for G3. As can be seen, there was good correlation with the pathological gradings. It must be remembered, however, that 5-year survival rates in cases of associated bladder cancer of coexistent type, in cases of subsequent type and in cases without associated bladder cancer were 56.2%, 72.7% and 64.8%, respectively: there was no significant difference. Bladder cancer associated with renal pelvic and ureteral cancer makes the therapy troublesome, but no influence on the prognosis was observed. Therapy in conformity with the pathological grading and stage is regarded as particularly important in cases of associated bladder cancer.     

A clinical study on primary ureteral tumors

Twenty-two cases of primary ureteral tumors treated at our Department between July 1971 and December 1984, were reviewed. The patients ranged from 28 to 83 years old (average 63.6 years). There were 17 males and 5 females (3.4:1). The affected side was predominantly the left (15) than the right (7). The most common site of the tumor growth was at the lower third of the ureter (14 cases, 63.6%). The most common initial symptom was macroscopic hematuria, which was seen in 17 cases (77.3%). The major finding of IVP was non-visualizing kidney in 11 cases (50.0%) and filling defect in 7 cases (31.8%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 9 cases (52.9%) by voided urine and 6 cases (66.6%) by catheterized urine. Total nephroureterectomy associated with partial cystectomy was performed in 14 cases (63.6%). Histologically, 19 cases were transitional cell carcinoma (86.8%). Associated growth of urothelial tumor in the bladder was found in 4 cases preoperatively and in 3 cases during the course of postoperative follow up. All of them were treated by transurethral resection. Overall survival rate at 1,2,3,4 and 5 years was 84, 71, 55, 46 and 35%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. The five year survival rate was 54% for the low stage group and 0% for the high stage group; 54% for the low grade group and 26% for the high grade group. (p value = not significant, generalized Wilcoxon test).     

A clinical survey of 7 cases with primary ureteral tumor: experiences in a year

Seven cases of primary ureteral tumors treated at Nagaoka Koseiren Chuo General Hospital in 1983 were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of primary ureteral tumors among the out-patients in the urologic clinic of the hospital was 0.22% and the incidence among the in-patients was 1.65%. The patient's age ranged from 45 to 83 years (average: 59.14 years old). The ratio of male to female was 2.5: 1.0. The left ureter and the lower third of the ureter were involved more frequently than the others. The most common symptom was colicky flank pain (57% of the cases), which was followed by macroscopic hematuria. On IVP, 5 of the 7 cases showed a non-functioning kidney or hydronephrosis, but the others showed filling defects in the ureteral lumen without hydronephrosis. Diagnostic accuracy of CT was 14.3%. Diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology was 42.9% and the false negative rate was the same. Six of the 7 cases underwent total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. The higher the grade and stage of the tumor, the poorer the prognosis tended to be.     

Clinical study of urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract. 1: Primary renal pelvic tumors

Forty primary renal pelvic tumors treated at our University between 1963 and 1981, were reviewed retrospectively. The conclusions of this study are as follows. Sex and age distribution of the patients were 30 males and 10 females (3: 1), and average age was 60.5 years old. The major symptoms were hematuria and flank pain; however, palpable mass was rare. The majority of patients were admitted to our clinic within 6 months from manifestation of symptoms. The major findings of IVP were non-functioning kidney and filling defect. The positive rate of urinary cytology was 46.7%. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed in 20 out of 32 cases. Histologically, 29 cases were transitional cell carcinoma and 4 cases were squamous cell carcinoma with renal calculi. Simultaneous urothelial tumors were seen in 10 cases, 3 in the ureter and 7 in the bladder. A subsequent ureteral tumor was found in one out of 12 cases in which ureters were resected incompletely, and 7 subsequent bladder tumors were found out of 32 cases receiving surgical treatment in the follow-up period. The 5-year survival rate by the actuarial method was 75.9%. Among several factors, grade and stage of the tumor were the most influencing factors for prognosis. An effective method of post-operative treatment could not be established.     

A clinicopathological study on tumor of the renal pelvis and ureter

We report 42 patients with urothelial tumors in upper tract admitted to our hospital between August, 1969 and August, 1988. The patients consisted of 33 males and 9 females; their ages ranged from 42 to 85 years with a mean of 66.2 years. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was employed as the surgical method in 24 cases, total nephroureterectomy without bladder cuff resection in 11 cases, total nephroureterectomy with total cystectomy in 2 cases and partial ureterectomy only in 2 cases. Tumor lesions had a positive correlation with grade and stage. The survival rate for all the patients at 1, 3 and 5 years was 76.0, 58.8 and 54.6%, respectively, as measured by the Kaplan-Meier's method. The prognosis of the patients with renal pelvic tumor and ureter tumor was dependent upon grade, stage and intravascular tumor-emboli. Vesical recurrence was observed in 10 cases and found frequently in low grade tumor and/or low stage tumor cases. The frequency of vesical recurrence was not positively correlated with cuff resection The 5-year survival rate was not different between the patients with vesical recurrence and those without vesical recurrence.     

A clinical investigation on renal pelvic and ureteral tumors

The 60 cases of primary renal pelvic and ureteral tumors treated at Mie University hospitals between January 1977 and December 1987 were reviewed and factors predicting the prognosis were investigated. The patients consisted of 47 men and 13 women (3.6: 1.0). Their ages ranged from 38 to 82 years with a mean of 65.2 years. According to Akaza's category classification of the ureteropelvic tumor, 42 cases were classified to category A, 15 cases category B and 1 case was classified to category C. Histologically, 59 transitional cell carcinomas and 1 squamous cell carcinoma were found. As to grading, 5 was G1, 31 G2, 21 G3 and 2 GX. As to staging, 20 were pT1, 10 pT2, 21 pT3, 3 pT4 and 6 pTX. Staging was correlated well with grading. Total nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff was performed on 39 patients and the other surgical treatments were done on 15 patients. Recurrence of the bladder tumor was found in 22.4%. The 5-year survival rate (Kaplan-Meier's method) was 47.8% for all of the patients. Among the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rate was 100% for G1, 57.6% for G2 and 28.6% for G3. As to staging the 5-year survival rate was 90.0% for below pT1, 20.0% for pT2 and 41.1% for pT3. The results from the present study suggest the prognosis is decided by grade and stage in pelvic and ureteral tumors, and it is wanted to develop a system of postoperative adjuvant therapy.     

A clinical survey of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors associated with bladder tumor

A clinical survey was performed on 80 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinomas we treated between January, 1963 and December, 1986. The cases included 30 of renal pelvic tumors, 17 of ureteral tumors, 3 of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors, 7 of renal pelvic and ureteral and bladder tumors, 16 of ureteral and bladder tumors and 7 of renal pelvic or ureteral tumors after treatment for bladder tumors. There were 37 cases of bladder tumors: 7 cases with preceding bladder tumors, 23 cases of synchronous bladder tumors, and 13 cases of subsequent bladder tumors. The 5-year survival for all cases was 60.2%. The 5-year survival for 43 cases unrelated with bladder tumors was 80.5% and that for 37 cases of bladder tumor was 41.6%. Therefore, there was a significant difference between these 2 groups (p less than 0.005). The 5-year survival for 50 cases without synchronous bladder tumors at first diagnosis was significantly higher than that for 23 cases with synchronous bladder tumors (p less than 0.001). Subsequent bladder tumors occurred after 2 to 48 months (mean 10 months) of the initial treatment for renal pelvic and ureteral tumors. Six of the 7 cases of preceeding bladder tumors were superficial tumors of pTa and pT1 and 3 cases had vesicoureteral reflux.     

A clinical survey on 24 cases of primary ureteral tumors

A clinical survey was performed on 24 cases of primary ureteral tumors treated in our University Hospital between Jan. 1972 and Dec. 1981. The incidence of primary ureteral tumors was 0.17% among the outpatients in our urologic clinic. The patients ranged from 41 to 84 years old in age (average age: 65 years), and the male to female ratio was 3 to 1. The left ureter and the lower third of the ureter were involved more frequently. The most frequent initial symptom was macrohematuria seen in 19 cases (79%), followed by loin pain seen in 6 cases (25%). A cytologic study of the voided urine or ureteral urine was carried out in 18 cases and positive results were obtained in 9 cases (50%). Cystoscopic examination revealed a tumor protruding through the ureteral orifice in 16.7% (4 of 24 cases), followed by bulging orifice in 8.3% (2 of 24 cases). Excretory pyelography showed ureteral filling defects in 41.7% (10 of 24 cases). Retrograde pyelography showed ureteral filling defects in 100% (10 of 10 cases). CT showed a mass region in 44.4% (4 of 9 cases). A total of 14 patients underwent nephroureterectomy with partial or total cystectomy (66.7%). The overall 5-year-survival rate was 56.5% and could be directly associated with grade and stage of tumors.     

原发性输尿管癌诊治24例报告

目的提高输尿管癌的诊治水平。方法回顾性总结1990年1月至2005年3月收治的24例原发性输尿管癌患者的临床资料。男19例，女5例。年龄38～72岁，平均年龄59岁。左侧16例，右侧8例。肉眼血尿17例（71％），镜下血尿7例（29％）。尿细胞学检查16例，阳性1例。B超提示肾盂积水19例（79％），提示中下段输尿管低回声占位3例（12％）。IVU提示肾盂积水20例（83％），患侧输尿管充盈缺损3例（12％）。逆行肾盂造影检查21例，插管不成功5例，输尿管充盈缺损16例（76％）。CT检查20例，提示输尿管内软组织肿块14例（70％）。螺旋cT薄层扫描3例均确诊。MRU3例，确诊1例。结果24例均进行手术治疗，18例行肾、输尿管全长加膀胱袖状或膀胱部分切除，6例行肾切除加输尿管部分切除。术后病理报告移行细胞癌23例，腺癌1例。1990—1999年的14例中存活1、2、3、4、5、6年者分别为1、5、3、2、2、1例。2000—2005年的10例中，失访3例，术后存活1、3年者各2例，3例存活未满5年者仍在随访中。结论IVU、逆行肾盂造影检查仍是原发性输尿管癌最常用的基本诊断方法，联合其他影像学检查可减少漏诊。本组病例由于手术时病理分期偏晚，5年生存率较低。     

A clinical study on tumor of the renal pelvis and the ureter

The 39 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors treated in our hospital from 1974 to 1983, were reviewed retrospectively. The 39 cases included 15 renal pelvic tumors, 21 ureter tumors and 3 ureteropelvic tumors. The incidence of these tumors was 0.15% among all new outpatients. Sex distribution was 25 males to 14 females, and mean age was 65.2 years old. Hematuria was the most frequent initial symptom and chief complaint. Of the patients, 28.6% had come to our hospital within one month after their initial symptoms appeared. "Filling defect", an important finding of IVP and RP, was revealed most frequently. The positive rate of urine cytology was 33.4%. Histological examination revealed 14 transitional cell carcinoma and 1 papilloma of 15 renal pelvic tumors and 19 transitional cell carcinoma, 1 polyp and 1 metastatic adenocarcinoma of 21 ureter tumors. Operative therapy was performed on 36 patients; 26 by nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy. Vesical recurrence rate was 18.9%. The 5-year survival rate was 37.4% on renal pelvic tumor and 40.7% on ureter tumor. The factors, high grade, high stage, and ureteropelvic double tumor, which reflect the specificity of the malignant potential, also affected prognosis. In conclusion, post-operative adjuvant therapy was thought to be valuable in the near future.     

A clinical study on 34 cases of urothelial cancer of upper urinary tract

Thirty-four cases of tumor of the renal pelvis or ureter or both have been treated in our department during the past decade. The primary tumor was in the renal pelvis in 11 cases, in the ureter in 21 cases and in the ureter and renal pelvis in 2 cases, a co-existent tumor in the bladder was found in 4 cases. Seventeen patients had a tumor on the right side and 17 on the left side. The most frequent symptom was gross hematuria (70.6%) and flank pain was the presenting symptom in 7 cases (20.6%). On the intravenous pyelography, a filling defect in the renal pelvis or ureter (41.2%) and nonvisualization (53.0%) were frequent findings. Twenty-nine cases had undergone total nephroureterectomy with resection of a bladder cuff, 3 had simple nephrectomy and 2 had open biopsy alone. Postoperative radiation therapy was done in 1 case, chemotherapy in 10 cases, and 6 cases of them were treated by CAP therapy (cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide). Actual and relative 5-year survival rates were 53.8% and 63.5%, and no significant difference was found in survival rate between the patients with renal pelvic tumors and those with ureteral tumors.     

保留肾脏手术治疗原发性输尿管癌27例分析

目的:探讨原发性输尿管尿路上皮癌的诊断及其保留肾脏手术治疗的预后。方法:回顾性分析我院1993年3月~2011年10月27例保留肾脏手术治疗原发性输尿管尿路上皮癌患者的临床资料。男21例,女6例;年龄46~81岁,平均63岁;均为输尿管单发肿瘤,左侧17例,右侧10例;肿瘤位于下段输尿管19例,中上段8例;肿瘤最大径0.6~1.8cm。病史7~40d,平均15d。以无痛性肉眼血尿就诊14例,显微镜下血尿3例,腰部胀痛2例,B超偶然发现肾积水8例。9例B超显示输尿管占位病变,17例IVU显示输尿管充盈缺损,8例逆行输尿管造影显示输尿管充盈缺损,16例经薄层CT增强扫描见输尿管内占位性病变,其中3例提示有输尿管壁浸润,12例输尿管镜检查并活检,尿液细胞学检查发现恶性细胞5例。15例行输尿管节段切除(SU),端-端吻合术,12例输尿管末段+膀胱袖状切除(DU+BCE)。结果:19例为低分期(Ta~T2期)、低分级(G1~G2)输尿管癌,6例为T3、G2,2例为T1G3输尿管癌。25例获得随访,随访时间6个月~9年(平均43个月),肿瘤特异性生存率为84%(21/25),总体生存率72%(18/25)。16例随访时间超过5年,其中9例行DU+BCE,7例为节段输尿管切除,无癌生存12例。结论:B超显示肾积水较IVU敏感,是较早的输尿管癌提示性信息。保留肾脏手术治疗原发性输尿管癌创伤小,不仅是一种姑息性手术,也可以作为治疗低分期分级输尿管癌的一种选择。DU+BCE治疗下段输尿管癌可以取得与根治术相似的疗效。     

Clinical observation on renal pelvic and ureteral tumors

During the 18 years from October, 1971 to September, 1989, 40 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors were treated at our Department of Urology. Thirty were male and 10 female, and were between 44 and 83 years old with a mean age of 65.5 years. Histopathologically, there were 38 transitional cell carcinomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas. There was a positive correlation between grade and stage of tumor. Among the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the five-year survival rate was 54.4% for all the patients, 57.1% for patients with renal pelvic tumors and 48.4% for those with ureteral tumors respectively, as measured by the Kaplan-Meier's method. Stage and intravascular invasion of the tumor were the most influential factors for prognosis. There was no evidence in this series to show the usefulness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, such as bladder instillation or peroral administration of various anti-tumor drugs, as a prophylactic use for recurrence of the bladder tumor in low stage cases.