郊区居民卫生知识与行为的调查分析

目的：了解郊区居民卫生知识水平与行为的关系，以利于有针对性地开展健康教育。方法：在郊区七个乡镇按随机抽样的原则抽取512户家庭的1434人为调查对象，由经培训的专业人员入户问卷。结果：卫生知识的平均分56.10分，总及格率为54.25％。卫生知识水平在不同性别、民族中差异无显著性，但不同年龄、不同文化程度的居民卫生知识得分不同，14-17岁的青年人卫生知识得分高于成年人，文化程度高的居民得分明显高于文化程度低的居民，差异有显著性；卫生行为总形成率为56.71％，不同年龄、不同文化程度的居民卫生行为形成率与卫生知识水平有一定的差距。结论：在郊区居民中开展健康教育应根据其年龄及文化程度采取不同措施，卫生知识的宣传不是健康教育目的，强化卫生意识，矫正不卫生的行为才是最终所求。     

深圳市社区居民人禽流感防治知识和行为调查分析

目的了解深圳市社区居民对人禽流感防治知识知晓程度及健康行为形成情况,评价前期健康教育的效果,为进一步开展相关健康教育和健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法随机抽取1950名深圳社区居民作为调查对象,采用统一调查问卷进行现场调查,所得结果进行统计分析。结果深圳社区居民人禽流感的防治知识知晓率在不同性别、文化程度和职业人群中有显著性差异,文化程度高者以及部分职业人群知晓率较高;电视和报纸是居民获得禽流感相关知识的最主要途径。结论前期的健康教育工作取得一定成效,但教育的系统性和全面性都亟待加强,另须兼顾不同性别、文化程度和职业人群的特点和需求,采取不同的健康教育手段,以达到期望目的。     

丹阳市城镇居民不同人群健康知识来源调查分析

目的　了解丹阳市不同人群健康知识来源的形成 ,为开展社区健康教育提供依据。方法　在 2 0 0 2年 4～ 5月对丹阳市城镇居民进行问卷调查。结果　不同性别、年龄、文化程度、就业状况和职业健康知识来源统计学分析有显著性差异。结论　针对不同的人群应采用不同的健康教育方式。     

濮阳市油田社区更年期妇女自我保健现状分析

目的:了解社区更年期妇女自我保健意识和行为状况及相关影响因素。方法:对河东社区40～60岁不同职业的妇女进行问卷调查,问卷数据用统计软件进行处理、分析。结果:①文化程度越低,其态度、知识、行为水平越低。②82.25%的妇女从电视、广播获取保健知识,从社区健康宣教获得保健知识占10%。③93.5%的妇女对社区开展妇女保健宣教有需求。结论:要利用不同的健康教育形式,传播有关更年期妇女的保健知识,重点向文化程度低的工人、服务人员、个体及离退休人员传播,强化社区健康教育的作用。     

社区居民健康知识与行为调查

目的了解社区居民的健康知识知晓程度,分析社区居民的健康知识影响因素,为社区居民的健康教育策略提供理论依据。方法采用整群和分层抽样方法,随机抽取我镇6个社区卫生服务机构社区16岁以上常住居民400人进行健康知识知晓情况问卷调查。结果社区居民健康知识知晓率为72.42%,社区居民健康行为形成率为62.89%,男性健康知识知晓率低于女性健康知识知晓率,大专本科居民健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率高于高中、初中及以下文化程度居民;Logistic多元回归结果表明:文化程度、职业会影响居民健康知识与行为。结论居民的健康知识知晓率与健康行为形成率还有待进一步提高。在开展多渠道、多方位的健康教育过程中应关注男性以及文化程度较低的居民。     

食品从业人员卫生知识、卫生行为调查及健康教育对策

[目的]了解深圳市龙岗区食品从业人员卫生知识合格率和卫生行为形成情况,以便有针对性地开展重点人群的卫生知识培训技术。[方法]随机抽查龙岗区360名食品从业人员对其卫生知识和卫生行为进行调查,并对结果进行统计分析。[结果]卫生知识测试总合格率为78.61%,从业人员卫生知识水平在从事食品卫生工作年限、所在单位规模、年龄、文化程度,是否经过培训等方面差异存在非常显著性;卫生行为形成率为75.51%。[结论]有相当一部分从业人员卫生知识合格率仍较低,卫生行为形成率也偏低,提示在食品从业人员中开展健康教育是普及食品卫生知识和提高从业人员素质的一个根本途径,并提出相应的健康教育对策。     

武汉市女性对妇科检查知识知晓率及其影响因素分析

目的:了解武汉市城区妇女对妇科检查知识的认知情况。方法:2007年9~12月采用整群分层随机抽样法对武汉市4个社区18岁以上的200名女性进行现场无记名问卷调查。结果:妇科检查知识知晓率为68.9%;不同年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业及经济收入对知晓率具有显著性影响。结论:迫切需要加强有关妇科检查知识的健康教育,进一步加大对女性健康知识和意识的宣传力度。     

晚孕妇女营养知识、态度和饮食行为调查分析

目的:了解济宁市晚期妊娠妇女营养知识、态度和饮食行为(Knowledge attitude practice KAP)及其影响因素,为开展孕妇营养教育工作提供理论依据。方法:采用问卷调查方法随机选择226例晚期妊娠妇女,对其一般情况和营养KAP进行调查。结果:济宁市晚期妊娠妇女的营养KAP总体水平一般,及格率为64.93%,营养态度较好,营养知识与态度、营养知识与饮食行为呈正相关,营养KAP得分与孕妇的文化程度和职业有关,文化程度越高,得分越高。结论:济宁市晚期妊娠妇女的营养知识水平和饮食行为有待进一步提高和改善,应根据孕妇的文化程度、职业等采取不同的方式开展孕妇营养健康知识宣教,指导孕妇科学合理的安排饮食,促进孕妇健康,保护胎儿正常生长发育。     

重庆市卫Ⅵ项目健康教育基线调查结果分析──产前保健部分

对重庆市农村妇女有关妇幼保健知识、信念、行为的情况进行健康教育的基线调查，结果显示：目前抽样 地区的妇女有一定的卫生保健知识，但自我保健的意识和行为不足；不同地区有显著性差异，提示进一步健康教育的重 点地区；文化程度和经济收入是影响妇女获得知识及采取行为的重要因素，针对不同层次的人群应采取恰当的健康教育 方式。     

801名乡镇居民卫生知识水平调查

本文对几年来农村乡镇居民开展健康教育工作情况的调查，从中掌握不同职业，不同文化程度，不同年龄对卫生知识的认识和接受能力，为今后如何开展健康教育工作提供可靠依据。     

Ecosystem health and human health

The study of ecosystem health is a relatively recent discipline that has already provided new insights into numerous aspects of environmental management. One of the most interesting fields of study is the one investigating the relationships between ecosystem and human heath. In this paper some basic terms of reference are given in order to help the understanding of this new approach. One definition of ecosystem health is given, possible causes of degradation are indicated and links with human health are addressed. The ecosystem approach to human health stresses the importance of cultural and social values in shaping the concept of health, both at human and at ecosystem level. Two case-studies showing man-ecosystem interactions are described: mining activities, that provide a suitable field of application of the ecosystem approach, and the case of malaria and DDT, that shows the risks of certain policies neglecting basic human expectations such as health. As a conclusion, some suggestions for possible research activities are given and a few recommendations for sound public health policies are indicated.     

Communicating health through health footprints

The depth and scale of challenges posed by noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are now well known and clearly documented. Reducing the 4 key risk factors has been shown to reduce premature mortality and morbidity by 70% globally. The authors consider how affirmative action can be driven to reduce these risk factors through Health Footprints, targeted interventions within specific domains of consumption, on the basis of an assessment of the negative health effect of specific choices, with the goal of driving healthy choices and improving health. In this article, the authors propose a methodology that ties together insight from public health, behavioral economics, marketing, and health communication. They offer 3 specific examples for affirmative action: a Pigovian tax on unhealthy foods, group-level interventions on the basis of sharing key health data, and personalized prevention tailored to specific individuals. In addition, they discuss the approach to implementation, including the role of an apex coordinating organization in setting standards for data and ethics, and evaluation of the effect of interventions to drive continuous improvement.     

Community health and foot health

The limiting factor in health and mobility for many seniors is the state of their feet. The origins of their foot problems can often be traced back to childhood and years of wearing badly fitting or inappropriate footwear. Well-fitting footwear is essential if mobility and independence are to be retained. The chiropodist (or podiatrist) is a health professional specializing in the treatment of conditions of the foot. Some common foot conditions, together with their treatments, are described. Although numbers of chiropodists in Canada are limited, their role is being increasingly recognized in maintaining or restoring mobility, and also their place in the community health team.     

Oral health and systemic health

Certain cancers, hypertension, diabetes, leukemia, gastrointestinal disorders, osteoporosis, and HIV and other infectious diseases can manifest themselves in the oral cavity. In addition, some of these conditions and the therapies for them can affect the teeth and mouth. This article outlines what physicians should know about how certain medical conditions and medications can affect dental health and treatment, how dentists can help detect underlying medical conditions, and how the two professions can better serve patients by working together. placement of implants, periodontal surgery, endodontic treatment, or subgingival manipulation. Physicians should be aware of potential complications from dental treatment, inform patients of the risks, and communicate to the patient's dentist about the patient's physical status, the extent to which his or her condition is under control, and how to prevent complications. The following examples illustrate the need for such interaction between physicians and dentists.