TIPSS治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的临床应用

报告了12例应用 TIPSS 并 SEEV 治疗 CPH 合并上消道出血的临床研究结果。技术成功率91.7%。分流道为10mm。门脉平均压力由术前的43.2±5.3cmH_2O,降至术后的26.8±3.4cmH_2O。术后随访6～12月。分流道狭窄1例。3个月内死亡3例。初步结果表明:1.TIPSS 是治疗 CPH 合并消化道出血的新的有效的方法,近中期疗效满意。2.TIPSS 同时行 SEEV 对减少再出血,预防食管静脉破裂出血是非常有效的。3.支架以 Wall-stent 为最佳。4.对曾有过肝性脑病,肝功能差者,要加强预防性治疗措施。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术的初步临床体会

本院自1993年11月至1994年4月用经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPS)收治肝硬化门脉高压患者5例。其中4例穿刺成功,1例失败,1例于术后2月余复发上消化道出血,1例手术后出现一过性肝性脑病症状。门静脉压力从术前35.5±3.3cmH_2O降至术后的24.3±4.5cmH_2O,术后测压显示门腔静脉压力差为8.4±0.7cmH_2O。术后1个月食管钡餐随访,食管静脉曲张均较术前明显改善。作者认为: TIPS操作较外科手术简便,适应证广,降低门脉压力可靠,是治疗肝硬化门脉高压症的有效方法。此外,内支架的选择对防止TIPS术后分流道狭窄有一定作用。     

TIPSS治疗肝硬化门脉高压并消化道出血的随访研究

目的　总结我院随访实施TIPSS治疗的 6 5例病例的疗效及经验。方法　 6 5例肝硬化和Budd Chiari综合征患者 ,行TIPSS治疗。术前、后测量门脉压力。术后通过超声、食管钡餐随访检查 ,发现分流道狭窄者再次行介入治疗。随访时间为 3个月～ 6年 (平均 18个月 )。结果　术后 3个月、6个月、1年、2年和 3～ 6年再发消化道出血的病例数分别为 :0、2、10、5和 0例。出血的原因为分流道内血栓形成及肉芽组织增生所致狭窄 ,经溶栓、球囊扩张或内支架置入后使多数分流道再通。再通未成功的2例均因导丝不能通过分流道而行内科治疗。死亡 7例 ,其中 2例死于大出血 ,1例死于其他原因 ,4例因患肝癌死亡。其他患者一般情况良好 ,能进普食或半流食 ,能参加轻度体力劳动 ,肝功能基本正常 ,脾亢症状缓解 ,白细胞和血小板计数基本维持在正常范围。结论　尽管早、中期分流道再狭窄发生率较高(占 34 % ) ,但大部分病例可通过溶栓、球囊扩张或内支架置入获得再通 ,有相当数量的病例 ,能保持中长期的有效分流。在急性消化道大出血时 ,TIPSS仍是一种很有价值的实用技术。     

经颈静脉肝内门体分流术治疗门脉高压症

目的 经颈静脉肝内门体分流术(Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosytemic stent shunt,Tipss)治疗门脉高压症和消化道出血的临床疗效观察。方法 对7例肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者行Tipss,检测门脉压和门静脉及脾静脉内径的变化。结果 Tipss的成功率为85.7％(6/7),门脉压(cmH_2O)24.83±2.137(P<0.01,vs术前的43.33±2.733),提示Tipss能有效地降低门脉压;门静脉主干及脾静脉内径(cm)分别为0.98±0.098,0.80±0.064(P<0.01,vs术前的1.48±0.073,1.23±0.028),进一步说明了门脉压的降低。近期有效率及急症出血控制率为100％,肝性脑病的发生率为16.7％,其发生与分流的血管有关,左肝静脉与门脉左支分流者较右肝静脉与门脉右支及门脉主干分流者低。12月内支架狭窄、闭塞2例(2/4),18月内闭塞1例(1/2),发生再出血2例(2/6),随访6-24月无死亡。结论 Tipss是一种有效降低门脉压、控制食管、胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的新技术,对于急症出血的疗效优佳,但是,中远期分流道易发生狭窄和阻塞,其疗效有待进一步提高。     

TIPSS加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的疗效观察

目的　研究TIPSS加断流术治疗门静脉高压症的临床疗效。方法　对 6 0例门静脉高压症伴食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者采用TIPSS加断流术治疗。治疗时伴有中度腹水 41例 ,重度腹水 8例 ,按Child Pugh分级标准肝功能为A级 11例 ,B级 37例 ,C级 12例 ,上消化道钡餐检查示食管静脉中、重度静脉曲张。治疗分两步进行 ,首先行TIPSS治疗 ,2周后再行断流术。结果　TIPSS术后无近期分流道阻塞、再出血和死亡 ,食管静脉曲张显著减轻。 1～ 5年随访 ,肝内分流道阻塞率、出血复发率和病死率分别为 11.9%、3.5 %和 7.0 %。结论　TIPSS加断流术是一种疗效确切的治疗门脉高压症的方法。     

TIPSS术后并发症的成因分析及防治

经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术(TIPSS)治疗肝硬化门脉高压症30例,29例手术成功,1例失败,7例出现并发症。29例患者术前平均血总胆红紊为25.12±9.80mmol/l,术后为50.46+34.50mmol/l,术前血氨平均为152.33±65.30μg/dl,术后为233.33±99.96μg/dl。作者分析了并发症的成因,认为肝性脑病、黄疸与肝功能状态与分流通道直径大小有关,其他并发症如肝内多发脓肿、肺内感染、菌血症等与伴随疾病和操作技术有关。本文介绍了 TIPSS 术前术后及并发症的治疗原则,讨论了TIPSS 的适应证与禁忌证。     

白芨粉栓塞门静脉制备犬门脉高压症模型的实验研究

选用成年、健康杂种犬15只,术前经超声多普勒测量门静脉血流量,个体间采用自身对照。经开腹术穿刺门静脉测压,分次注入白芨粉混悬液,使门脉压升高至3.43 kPa(35 cmH_2O)以上,术后10天、20天,60天重复注射白芨液,术后100天犬门脉血流动力学出现如下变化:门脉压力由术前1.59±0.26 kPa增至3.09±0.49 kPa(31.52±4.97 cmH_2O)。胃镜及病理切片证实食管下段粘膜静脉曲张形成,汇管区出现纤维化。门静脉血流量由术前449.41±84.12 ml/min增至565.72±105.93 ml/min。白芨粉无任何毒性,注入血管可产生确切的人工血栓。制备犬门脉高压症模型简单,存活率高,周期短,可望用于基础及临床研究。     

彩超观测TIPSS术后门脉血流方向改变的价值

目的:探讨彩超评价经颈静脉肝内门-体分流(TIPSS)术后肝内门脉分支血流动力学变化的价值。方法:62例肝硬化门脉高压患者TIPSS术前后行CDFI检查,动态观测门脉分支血流方向的变化,并结合门脉造影结果分析术后肝内门脉分支血流方向变化的意义。结果:16例患者TIPSS术前门脉主干及分支为离肝血流(离肝血流或双向血流),术后随访门脉血流方向未改变;46例患者TIPSS术前门脉主干及分支为入肝血流者术后即有31例门脉左、右支变为离肝血流,2年内31例中有15例发生支架管狭窄或闭塞,而此时15例患者门脉左、右支血流均又变为入肝血流。结论:彩超是术后随访观察分流道开放情况简便准确的方法。TIPSS术前门脉流向为入肝血流的患者术后肝内脉分支变为离肝血流是支架管通畅的可靠间接证据;若随访中肝内门脉分支离肝血流再次变为入肝血流,则提示支架管功能障碍。彩超观察TIPSS术前后门脉分支血流方向的动态变化,对评定部份患者支架管功能有重要价值。     

直接性肝内门腔分流治疗门脉高压症的中期疗效

目的 回顾性分析直接性肝内门腔分流术(DIPS)治疗门脉高压症的中期疗效.方法 对23例门脉高压患者实施DIPS术;分别对术前、术后患者门腔压力梯度(PPG)、肝功能及临床症状进行比较;并用彩色多普勒超声对患者分流道的通畅情况进行随访.结果 23例DIPS术均获成功,除1例患者术后出现血性腹腔积液,3例患者术后出现轻度肝性脑病以外,其余患者未发生严重并发症.23例患者的PPG由术前的(32.6±5.3)mmHg(23～43 mmHg)降至分流后的(10.1±2.7)mmHg(5～14 mmHg)(P<0.01);术后患者白蛋白水平较术前明显下降,胆红素水平较术前明显升高,临床症状改善显著;术后1、2年分流道累计一期通畅率分别为77.4%、50.2%.结论 直接性肝内门腔分流治疗门脉高压安全、有效.     

经颈内静脉肝内门腔分流术远期疗效分析

目的:探讨经颈静脉肝内门脉分流术(TIPS)后病人的远期分流道通畅率,生存期和生活质量。材料及方法:51例TIPS术后病人,随访时间平均为16.8±12.8月(1天-49月),用Kaplan-Meier法分析TIPS后病人的远期生存率,和分流道通畅率。用COX模型将生存期和通畅率与Child～Pugh肝功能分级和主要症状作相关分析,并预测影响生存期和分流道通畅率的因素。用SF～36问卷评估病人的生活质量。结果:1-4年累计生存率分别为65％,56％,32％,19％。累计原发通畅率分别为65％,56％,32％,19％。42个月原发再次通畅率为94％,18个月4继发通畅率为7l％。肝功能Child-Pugh分级与累积生存率有显著性差异。影响TIPS术后90天生存率的相关因素有:酒精性肝硬化,腹水,急性出血,分流腔道直径,静脉曲张需栓塞者,肝性脑病,分流通道再狭窄及再发出血。TIPS术后生活质量的所有9项指标均较术前提高,其中4项有显著性差异。结论:TIPS对控制出血,腹水及改善近期生活质量有肯定的疗效,但是对病人远期生活率的确切作用尚有待于进一步的研究。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.