原发性房角关闭眼激光虹膜切除术后UBM测量参数比较

目的:比较激光虹膜切开术前后原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)眼超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM)参数。方法:对46例74眼PAC患者进行了一项前瞻性临床试验。平均年龄58,04±11.33(24.0-82.0)岁。所有病例行完整的眼科检查,前房角镜A超生物测量和超声生物显微镜检查(Vu-max,SonomedInc.,NY,USA)及24-2标准无色差视野检查(SAP,Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer-II i,Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.,Dublin,CA,USA)。使用配对t检验评估基准和随访的平均值之间的变化。结果:激光周边虹膜切除术(laser peripheral iridotomy,LPI)术后,平均房角从8.02±4.61(0.10-19.60)度增加到17.66±6.39(0.10-32.70)度(P=0.000),房角开放距离500(angle opening distance 500,AOD500)从0.11±0.06(0.01-0.30)mm增加到0.23±0.07(0.13-0.50)mm(P=0.000),平均虹膜厚度(iris thickness,IT)从0.58±0.11(0.33-0.99)mm下降到0.52±0.10(0.25-0.77)mm(P=0.000)。小梁睫状突距离,虹膜睫状突距离和睫状体厚度均未发现显著统计学差异。结论:LPI术后PAC的白种人眼睛的AOD500,虹膜晶体距离和前房角增加,IT和虹膜晶体高度减少。这说明LPI解除了瞳孔阻滞,加深了前房,扩大了房角,减少了虹膜前凸和增厚。     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging demonstrate thinner ciliary body thickness in eyes with angle closure

AIM: To compare the ciliary body thickness between eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with the normal eyes, and to investigate the association between ciliary body thickness and ciliary processes situation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 57 patients with PAC/PACG were matched to 57 normal subjects after propensity score matching (PSM) adjusting for age and gender. All subjects underwent conventional ocular examinations and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) examination, among which the patients with PAC/PACG performed the examinations one month after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). Quantitative parameters were measured, which included ciliary body thickness at the position of 1 mm posterior to the scleral spur (CBT1), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD) and trabecular-ciliary process angle (TCA). RESULTS: Eyes with PAC/PACG presented significantly thinner CBT1, shorter TCPD and smaller TCA (P<0.001) than the normal eyes, both in comparison of the means of four quadrants and in comparisons of each quadrant. After removing images with peripheral anterior synechia (PAS), the same results were also found in comparisons between the two groups. Significant correlations were found between TCPD (R2=0.537, P<0.001) and TCA (R2=0.517, P<0.001) with CBT1. CONCLUSION: Eyes with PAC/PACG have thinner ciliary body thickness and more anteriorly situated ciliary processes. Thinner ciliary body thickness is associated with anterior situation of the ciliary processes.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并晶体脱位的超声生物显微镜观察

目的应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicrocopy，UBM)观察原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并晶体脱位的特点．探讨原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并晶体脱位的病因、临床表现及治疗效果。方法对2000年1月1日～2004年1月1日我院收治的19例(19眼)原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并晶体脱位者常规行裂隙灯及超声生物显微镜检查，观察晶体脱位范围、手术方式、术前术后视力、眼压等情况。结果19例19眼均被手术结果证实，晶体全脱位3眼，半脱位16眼。晶体脱位范围90度～360度，11眼行小梁切除术联合白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术，8眼行小梁切除术联合晶体切除、前部玻璃体切除术、二期植入悬吊人工晶体。术前眼压大于21mmHg者17眼，术后眼压大于21mmHg者1眼。术前最佳矫正视力0．1以下者5眼，0．1～0．3者11眼，0．3以上者3眼；术后最佳矫正视力0．1以下者1眼，0．1～0．3者6眼，0．3以上者12眼。结论原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并晶体脱位可能由于急性发作期眼压骤然升高或应用降眼压药物引起眼压波动过大所致；也可能是患者年龄较大，晶体悬韧带部分断裂致晶体位置异常、瞳孔阻滞而引起急性闭角型青光眼急性发作。     

中国人闭角型青光眼房角关闭机制的研究

目的 对中国人原发性闭角型眼光眼（闭青）房角关闭机制进行研究,为按发病机制分类提供依据。方法采用超声生物显微镜和诊断性的治疗方法对１２６例（１２６只眼）原发性闭青的房角及房角相关解剖结构进行活体、实时、定性及半定量观察分析。结果根据ＵＢＭ房角及房我有相关解剖结构的观察,可将原发性闭青房锄头 闭机制分为单纯性瞳孔阻滞型（４８例,４８只眼,占３８．１％）,单纯性非瞳孔阻滞（９例,９只眼,占７．１％）,     

超声生物显微镜在原发性闭角型青光眼的应用

目的　对原发性闭角型青光眼的患者眼结构进行超声生物显微镜 (UBM )检查。方法　对 18例 18眼急性闭角型青光眼 (A PACG)患者 ,16例 16眼慢性闭角型青光眼 (C PACG)患者 ,2 0例 2 0眼正常人 (N)进行UBM检查 ,并记录各项测量数值。结果　与正常人进行比较 ,原发性闭角型青光眼的前房浅 [A PACG =( 1.90± 0 .2 2 )mm ,C PACG =( 2 .10± 0 .34)mm ,N =( 2 .73± 0 .2 3)mm];房角较窄 [A PACG =( 10 .82°± 7.74°) ,C PACG =( 18.87°± 7.86°) ,N =( 31.12°±11.88°) ];前房结构较拥挤 [A PACG =( 0 .6 2± 0 .11)mm ,C PACG =( 0 .70± 0 .12 )mm ,N =( 1.18± 0 .32 )mm];睫状突的位置前旋 [A PACG =( 2 8.6 8°± 4 .5 2°) ,C PACG =( 30 .6 7°±5 .0 4°) ,N =( 5 2 .6 3°± 9.5 8°) ]。结论　UBM检查为原发性闭角型青光眼的早期诊断提供一个新的重要的诊断依据     

青光眼术前睫状体脱离的超声生物显微镜观察

目的：应用超声生物显微镜对急性闭角型青光眼术前睫状体脱离的组织结构进行形态学检查,方法：对青光眼病入术前常规进行超声生物显微镜检查,发现有睫状体脱离。对睫状体脱离者与非睫状体脱离者按年龄、性别、眼压降低幅度,眼前节解剖结构的测量数据进行统计学处理。结果：术前睫状体脱离多出现于眼压50mmHg以上,迅速降至正常或更低,房角大部分关闭但未完全关闭的病人,在272眼急性闭角型青光眼中发现有睫状体脱离者37眼占13．6％,与病人年龄、性别、眼前节解剖参数无显著性的差异,结论：术前睫状体脱离与眼压迅速下降有关。     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者与可疑原发性房角关闭患者虹膜睫状体构型特征的比较分析

目的 比较原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）患者与可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者的房角生物学特征。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2019年10月至2021年3月同济医院58例PACG及PACS患者。方法 回顾患者病例资料及超声生物显微镜（UBM）图像,测量其房角生物学参数,进行定量及定性分析。主要指标 中央前房深度（ACD）、500 μm房角开放距离（AOD500）、500 μm小梁虹膜夹角（TIA500）、500 μm小梁睫状突距离（TCPD500）、500 μm小梁睫状体夹角（TCA500）、虹膜根部厚度（IT500）、睫状突长度（CPL）、睫状体厚度（CBT）。结果 与PACS组（n=25）相比,PACG组（n=33）患者最佳矫正视力（BCVA）更低（0.4±0.35、0.2±0.17）,基线眼压更高（21.17±6.09、15.57±3.57 mmHg）,眼轴更短（22.17±1.22、22.74±0.88 mm）,ACD更浅（1.77±0.27、1.94±0.25 mm）,AOD500、TIA500、TCPD500、TCA500更小（0.04±0.04、0.10±0.05 mm;3.90±4.58、11.07±4.77°;0.51±0.10、0.58±0.10 mm;60.55±13.26、71.54±12.58°）,CPL更长（1.43±0.26、1.28±0.15 mm）。虹膜插入点位于睫状体基底部的比例（54.5%、20.0%）及睫状体前旋的比例（68.0%、39.4%）PACG组较PACS组更大（P均<0.05）。而IT500、CBT、虹膜成角和虹膜凸度在两组间未见差异。结论 PACG眼较PACS眼具有更短的眼轴和更浅的前房,长而前旋的睫状体构型更明显,虹膜插入点位于基底部的比例更高。（眼科,2022,31： 20-26）     

急性原发性闭角型青光眼睫状体位置参数的变化与房角狭窄的相关性研究

目的　观察急性原发性闭角型青光眼（acute primary angle closure glaucoma,APACG）患者睫状体位置变化,并分析其房角狭窄程度与睫状体位置参数的相关性。方法　将入选对象分为APACG组和正常对照组,所有研究对象均接受超声生物显微镜（ultrasound biomicroscopy,UBM）检查,存储采集到的图像,选取其中较为清晰的图像进行定量分析。测量参数包括:房角开放距离500（angle open distance 500,AOD₅₀₀）、小梁-睫状突距离（meshwork-ciliary process distance,TCPD）、虹膜-睫状突距离（iris-ciliary process distance,ICPD）、巩膜-睫状突夹角（sclera-ciliary process angle,SCPA）、睫状体长度500（ciliary body length 500,CBL₅₀₀）。结果　共纳入研究对象89例（89眼）,其中APACG组57例（57眼）、正常对照组32例（32眼）。按照年龄、性别配对t检验求得23对测量数据的均值结果显示:APACG组的AOD₅₀₀、TCPD、ICPD、SCPA和CBL₅₀₀分别为（0.050 4±0.031 0）mm、（0.499 6±0.192 4）mm、（0.112 6±0.089 2）mm、（35.317 0±4.575 2）°、（1.060 4±0.290 2）mm,而正常对照组的分别为（0.242 6±0.078 5）mm、（0.741 7±0.240 4）mm、（0.272 6±0.218 8）mm、（44.913 0±10.089 2）°、（0.633 0±0.405 4）mm,APACG 组的AOD₅₀₀、TCPD、ICPD、SCPA均较正常对照组的小,而APACG 组的CBL₅₀₀较正常对照组的大,差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.01）。相关性分析结果显示,APACG组中TCPD、ICPD、SCPA、CBL₅₀₀与AOD₅₀₀存在显著的相关关系（均为P<0.01）。结论　相对于正常人群,APACG患者睫状体更向前旋,而且其房角狭窄程度与睫状体前旋程度相关。     

房角狭窄和虹膜参数的相关性

目的　定量分析虹膜参数与房角狭窄的相关关系。方法　本研究是以医院人群为基础的横断面研究,分为房角狭窄组和正常对照组。所有入选研究对象均进行超声生物显微镜（ｕｌｔｒａｓｏｕｎｄｂｉｏｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ,ＵＢＭ）检查,将采集到的ＵＢＭ图像存储并做进一步定量分析。测量的参数包括:中央前房深度（ｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｃｈａｍｂｅｒｄｅｐｔｈ,ＡＣＤ）、前房宽度（ａｎｔｅｒｉｏｒｃｈａｍｂｅｒｗｉｄｔｈ,ＡＣＷ）、房角开放距离（ａｎｇｌｅｏｐｅｎｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＡＯＤ）、虹膜膨隆度（ｉｒｉｓｃｕｒｖａｔｕｒｅ,ＩｒｉｓＣ）、虹膜厚度５００（ｉｒｉｓｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ５００,ＩＴ５００）、虹膜厚度１５００（ｉｒｉｓｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓ１５００,ＩＴ１５００）、虹膜根部附着点距离（ｉｒｉｓｒｏｏｔｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅ,ＩｒｉｓＤ）。结果　共纳入研究对象１８７例,包括房角狭窄眼１０２例（５４．５％）和正常对照８５例（４５．５％）。房角狭窄组的ＡＣＤ、ＡＣＷ、ＡＯＤ和ＩｒｉｓＤ分别为（２．０９±０．２３）ｍｍ、（１１．２８±０．４１）ｍｍ、（０．０８６±０．０８３）ｍｍ、（０．０８６±０．０９３）ｍｍ,均较正常对照组的（２．６９±０．３２）ｍｍ、（１１．４９±０．３８）ｍｍ、（０．２７９±０．１３４）ｍｍ、（０．１８５±０．１０５）ｍｍ小,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）;而房角狭窄组的ＩｒｉｓＣ、ＩＴ５００和ＩＴ１５００分别为（０．３６５±０．１２４）ｍｍ、（０．４９２±０．０９７）ｍｍ、（０．５３２±０．０８１）ｍｍ,均较正常对照组的（０．２５６±０．１０９）ｍｍ、（０．４５３±０．０８２）ｍｍ、（０．４９４±０．０７９）ｍｍ大,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析显示ＡＣＤ、ＡＣＷ、ＩｒｉｓＣ、ＩＴ５００和ＩｒｉｓＤ与ＡＯＤ有显著的相关关系。结论　房角狭窄眼与ＩｒｉｓＣ高、周边虹膜肥厚和虹膜根部附着点靠前相关。     

Deconstructing the mechanisms of angle closure with anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Background: To illustrate the common mechanisms of angle closure by observing the changes following a laser iridotomy and then cataract surgery with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Design: Retrospective interventional case series. Participants: Four patients with iridotrabecular contact. Methods: The anterior chamber was imaged in different lighting conditions prior to and following a laser iridotomy and then cataract surgery. The images were superimposed on each other, using the interscleral spur line as a common baseline. Main Outcome Measures: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the changes of the iris and the drainage angle. Results: Iridotrabecular contact was seen in dark conditions in all patients. Iridotrabecular contact related to pupil block was abolished after a laser iridotomy. Persistent iridotrabecular contact following a laser iridotomy, due to a lens‐induced mechanism, was abolished after cataract surgery. Iridotrabecular contact that persisted after a laser iridotomy and cataract surgery was due to a ‘pure’ plateau iris syndrome or peripheral anterior synechiae. These treatments lowered the height of the iris plane in the region posterior to the trabecular meshwork. Conclusion: Following a laser iridotomy and cataract surgery, there is posterior movement of the iris plane away from the trabecular meshwork, but iridotrabecular contact can persist due to the ciliary processes or peripheral anterior synechiae. These changes show that the risk of iridotrabecular contact depends on the height of the iris plane relative to the trabecular meshwork and the degree of physiologic pupil dilation, and that angle closure can be a multi‐mechanism disease rather than a pure one.     

高褶虹膜

原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)是亚洲,特别是中国青光眼的主要类型。PACG在激光周边虹膜切除术(LPI)后仍有很高比例发生房角关闭,高褶虹膜(plateau iris)是引起房角关闭的非瞳孔阻滞因素之一。随着超声生物显微镜(UBM)在眼科的广泛应用,对高褶虹膜的认识不断深入。本文将对高褶虹膜的概念、机制、患病率、与房角关闭的关系、诊断标准及治疗方法进行阐述,旨在更加深刻理解高褶虹膜与PACG的关系,为今后PACG的治疗和研究提供参考。     

Iris ischaemic changes and visual outcome after acute primary angle closure

BACKGROUND: Ischaemic changes in the iris occur frequently after an episode of acute primary angle closure (APAC). The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of such changes with regards to visual outcome. METHODS: Acute primary angle closure cases were treated with medical therapy followed by laser peripheral iridotomy after resolution of the acute episode. Subjects were examined at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post laser peripheral iridotomy. Eyes were examined for signs of iris ischaemic changes (IIC), defined as the presence of iris whorling or stromal atrophy. Iris photographs were also taken at weeks 1, 8 and 16. Subjects requiring glaucoma medication or filtering surgery during the follow-up period were excluded. The visual acuity and visual field (using automated white-on-white threshold perimetry) at week 16 were used in the assessment of visual outcome. RESULTS: Sixty-one subjects with APAC completed the study. The majority of subjects were female (82%) and Chinese (92%), and the mean age was 59 +/- 8.8 years. More than half the subjects (52.5%) were found to have developed IIC during the study, 65% of whom already had signs of IIC by the first week. Only 13 subjects (41%) with IIC and 6 subjects (21%) without IIC had an abnormal visual field defect at week 16 (P = 0.09). There was also no difference in visual acuity at week 16, the majority of subjects in both groups having visual acuity of 6/12 or better. CONCLUSIONS: The development of iris ischaemic changes after a single episode of APAC may not be associated with an adverse visual outcome.     

Mechanisms and treatment of primary angle closure: a review

Angle closure can recur following peripheral iridotomy in up to 58% of cases, due to plateau iris syndrome, lens disproportion or ciliary block. Ciliary block glaucoma is an important differential diagnosis of shallow anterior chamber, angle closure and high intraocular pressure, which may occur spontaneously or following laser or surgery. Some underlying mechanisms of ciliary block glaucoma remain poorly understood but lens-ciliary body apposition and anterior hyaloid changes with increased hydraulic resistance are major pathogenic factors. An understanding of the pathogenic factors facilitates early recognition of ciliary block glaucoma, and aids a logical sequence of intervention. We review the mechanisms of post-iridotomy angle closure and propose a stepwise treatment strategy for these conditions.     

房角关闭机制指导下可疑原发性房角关闭患者激光干预的疗效评价

目的 根据房角关闭的不同机制,对可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）患者行激光周边虹膜切除（LPI）术或LPI联合激光周边虹膜成形（LPIP）术,通过超声生物显微镜（UBM）评估PACS患者激光早期干预的疗效。设计 前瞻性病例系列。 研究对象2016年1月-11月在河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续就诊的PACS患者50例（65眼）。方法 根据房角关闭的不同机制,通过UBM评估患眼,对所有入选患眼均首先行LPI治疗,术后第3天复查UBM,检查提示仍存在至少一个象限房角呈接触性关闭的患者再进一步联合LPIP治疗。术后3天复查UBM,根据测量的相关参数的前后变化评价治疗效果。主要指标 UBM图像中的中央前房深度（ACD）,巩膜突前500 μm处的房角开放距离（AOD）、小梁虹膜夹角（TIA）、房角隐窝面积（ARA）、小梁睫状体距离（TCPD）、虹膜厚度（IT）。结果 65眼中,47眼（72.3%）行LPI治疗后3天UBM检查未发现存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,术后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较术前无明显变化（P=0.465）;18眼（27.7%）行LPI术后3天,UBM提示存在至少一个象限的房角接触性关闭,联合LPIP治疗后AOD、TIA、TCPD、ARA较术前均明显增加（P均<0.01）,IT较LPI术后减少更明显（P<0.01）。结论 LPI后UBM可用于判断房角关闭的机制,并据此考虑是否联合LPIP,可进一步改善非单纯性瞳孔阻滞机制的可疑房角关闭患者的疗效。     

老年人可疑房角关闭眼的超声生物显微镜研究

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(UBM)结合A超定量测量老年人可疑房角关闭眼的眼前段生物学参数,探讨老年人发生急性房角关闭的潜在解剖因素以利青光眼的早期预防。方法:回顾性分析年龄55～83岁临床诊断为可疑房角关闭患者33例35眼。随机选取年龄55～80岁的健康志愿者25例25眼作为对照组。应用UBM测量两组的中央前房深度(ACD),房角开放距离500(AOD500),虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD),小梁睫状体距离(TCPD),睫状体绕巩膜突向前旋转角度(B角),虹膜厚度(IT)。应用A超测量两组的晶状体厚度(LT),眼轴长度(AL)。并计算出晶状体相对位置(RLP)。结果:老年人可疑房角关闭眼与正常对照组相比,晶状体相关参数:RLP明显偏前(P<0.01),LT增加(P<0.05),ILCD增加(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;睫状体相关参数:TCPD,B角明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;前房相关参数:ACD,AOD500明显减小(P<0.01),差异具有统计学意义;虹膜参数:IT基本无差异(P>0.05)。结论:老年人发生急性房角关闭的危险因素是晶状体位置厚度的改变,并且存在有睫状体位置的前移前旋。     

Prospective case series on trabecular-iris angle status after an acute episode of phacomorphic angle closure

AIM:To investigate the trabecular-iris angle with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) post cataract extraction after an acute attack of phacomorphic angle closure.METHODS: This prospective study involved 10 cases of phacomorphic angle closure that underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens insertion after intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering. Apart from visual acuity and IOP, the trabecular-iris angle was measured by gonioscopy and UBM at 3 months post attack.RESULTS: In 10 consecutive cases of acute phacomorphic angle closure from December 2009 to December 2010, gonioscopic findings showed peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) ≤ 90° in 30% of phacomorphic patients and a mean Shaffer grading of (3.1±1.0). UBM showed a mean angle of (37.1°±4.5°) in the phacomorphic eye with the temporal quadrant being the most opened and (37.1°±8.0°) in the contralateral uninvolved eye. The mean time from consultation to cataract extraction was (1.4±0.7) days and the mean total duration of phacomorphic angle closure was (3.6±2.8) days but there was no correlation to the degree of angle closure on UBM (Spearman correlation P=0.7). The presenting mean IOP was (50.5±7.4) mmHg and the mean IOP at 3 months was (10.5±3.4) mmHg but there were no correlations with the degree of angle closure (Spearman correlations P=0.9).CONCLUSION:An open trabecular-iris angle and normal IOP can be achieved after an acute attack of phacomorphic angle closure if cataract extraction is performed within 1 day - 2 days after IOP control. Gonioscopic findings were in agreement with UBM, which provided a more specific and object angle measurement. The superior angle is relatively more narrowed compared to the other quadrants. All contralateral eyes in this series had open angles.     

Prevalence of plateau iris configuration in primary angle closure glaucoma using ultrasound biomicroscopy in the Indian population

Purpose:

To report the prevalence of plateau iris in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), in North India.

Materials and Methods:

The patients with PACG, attending the glaucoma services at a tertiary care center in North India were included in the study. All patients had undergone Nd-YAG laser peripheral iridotomy at least four weeks prior to inclusion in the study. Four weeks prior to inclusion in the study, none of the patients had used pilocarpine. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) images were qualitatively evaluated and plateau iris configuration was defined in an eye if the following criteria were fulfilled in two or more quadrants: anteriorly directed ciliary process supporting the peripheral iris, steep rise of iris root from its point of insertion followed by a downward angulation from the corneoscleral wall, absent ciliary sulcus, and iridotrabecular contact in the same quadrant.

Results:

One hundred and one eyes were included in the study. There were 63 (62.4%) females and 38 (37.6%) males. The mean age of the patients was 57.8 ± 9.5 years (range: 42 to 78 years). The mean axial length in the study population was 22.2 ± 1.1 mm. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.06 ± 1.12 D. The mean intraocular pressure was 18.5 ± 4.7 mmHg (range: 12 – 24 mmHg). Twenty-nine (28.7%) subjects were diagnosed with plateau iris on the basis of above-defined criteria. Of the 29 eyes, 18 (62.1%) subjects had plateau iris in two quadrants, nine (31.03%) in three quadrants, and two (6.8%) had this configuration in all the four quadrants.

Conclusions:

Approximately 30% of the eyes with PACG had plateau iris on UBM. Plateau iris was very often the cause for residual angle closure following laser peripheral iridotomy in Indian eyes with PACG.     

Prevalence of plateau iris syndrome in young patients with recurrent angle closure

BACKGROUND: To assess and describe the prevalence and clinical features associated with plateau iris syndrome (PIS) in young individuals with recurrent angle closure despite initial therapy. METHODS: Chart review of 137 relatively young individuals (aged < 60 years) with symptoms of angle closure between 1995 and 2005. A follow-up period of 36 months after initial presentation was retrospectively analysed. Seventy-six patients with recurrent angle closure symptoms were clinically reviewed using gonioscopy and ultrasound biomicroscopy. RESULTS: Based on chart analysis, 30 of 137 individuals were diagnosed with PIS (22%). After clinical review, 34 additional patients suffered from PIS as the underlying cause for persistent angle closure symptoms. The prevalence of PIS in our patient population with recurrent angle closure symptoms in spite of initial iridotomy or iridectomy was 54%. CONCLUSION: Among angle closure in young individuals, PIS is not uncommon. The causative mechanism of PIS in young individuals is peripheral iris block, rather than pupillary block which is more often prevalent in older patients. For proper diagnosis and therapy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and gonioscopy should be performed on every young individual with angle closure symptoms.     

Predictors of angle widening after laser iridotomy in Chinese patients with primary angle-closure suspect using ultrasound biomicroscopy

AIM:To assess the predictive value of baseline parameters of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) for angle widening after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI) in patients with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS).METHODS:Angle-opening distance(AOD),trabecular iris angle(TIA),iris thickness,trabecular-ciliary process angle,and trabecular-ciliary process distance were measured using UBM performed before and two weeks after LPI.Iris convexity(IC),iris insertion,angulation,and ciliary body(CB) size and position were graded.Uni-and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine factors predicting the change in AOD(ΔAOD500,calculated as an angle width change before and after LPI) in all quadrants and in subgroup quadrants based on IC.RESULTS:In 94 eyes of 94 patients with PACS,LPI led to angle widening with increases in AOD500 and TIA(P<0.01).Multivariable regression analysis showed that IC(P<0.001),CB position(P=0.007) and iris insertion(P=0.049) were significantly predictive for ΔAOD500.All quadrants were categorized into extreme IC(27.8%),moderate IC(62.3%),and absent IC(9.9%) subgroups.The AOD500 increased by 220% and no other predictive factor was found in the extreme IC quadrants.The AOD500 increased by 55%,and baseline iris angulation was predictive for smaller changes in ΔAOD500 in the moderate IC quadrants.CONCLUSION:In PACS patients,quadrants with greater iris bowing predict substantial angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with a flatter iris,anteriorly positioned CB,and basal iris insertion are associated with less angle widening after LPI.Quadrants with iris angulation as well as a flatter iris configuration predict a smaller angle change after LPI.     

原发性闭角型青光眼激光周边虹膜切开术后前房角形态变化的一年观察

目的定量观察原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)激光周边虹膜切开术(LPI)后前房角形态变化及周边虹膜前粘连(PAS)对LPI术后效果的影响。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象河北省邯郸市眼科医院连续的25例(39眼)PACG患者。方法患眼行LPI治疗。术前、术后2周、6个月、12个月时行眼科常规检查及超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查。根据末次随访时眼压情况分为眼压控制不良组(A组)及眼压控制良好组(B组)。各随访时间点的UBM参数进行重复测量的方差分析,组间比较采用配对t检验及Wilcoxon检验。主要指标UBM图像中测量的前房角参数。结果平均随访时间为(386.4±36.7)天。LPI术后2周、6个月及12个月的房角开放距离(AOD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、虹膜隐窝面积(ARA)较术前增加均有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。小梁睫状突距离(TCPD)术后12个月较术前增加具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。B组AOD500、TIA500、ARA500及TCPD均大于A组(P均<0.05),而PAS钟点范围少于A组(P=0.01)。结论 LPI能显著增宽PACG患者的周边前房角,但PAS的范围对LPI的效果起到明显的制约作用。