Expression of CD34 and other haematopoietic antigens on neuroblastoma cells: consequences for autologous bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Autologous peripheral blood stem cells, obtained by CD34⁺ stem cell selection, are being used with increasing frequency for transplantation in patients with neuroblastoma. Here, we examined the surface membrane antigens of neuroblastoma cells with a panel of hematopoietic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including anti-CD34 mAbs, by flow cytometric analysis. We found stronger binding of anti-CD34 mAbs to clonogenic, less differentiated, non-adherent neuroblastoma cells than to adherent neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, the majority of neuroblastoma cell lines shared hematopoietic-associated antigens with all blood cells. Because of these cross-reactions, especially found with the anti-CD34 mAbs 12.8 and ICH3, we have demonstrated that there is a potential risk of cell harvest contamination by circulating neuroblastoma cells during CD34⁺ stem cell selection.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植后的肝功能重建

背景：细胞移植是治疗肝功能衰竭的一种有效方法,而理想的细胞源和最佳的移植途径一直是各实验室不断研究的目标。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞移植对急性肝衰竭大鼠肝功能重建的影响和最佳移植途径。 方法：以D-氨基半乳糖胺作为肝脏毒剂,构建雌性SD大鼠急性肝衰竭模型。以雄性SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞为细胞源,通过腹股沟静脉和脾内移植两种途径植入肝衰竭大鼠,动态检测多项肝功能血生化指标。并以sry基因为分子标志,采用PCR技术检测骨髓间充质干细胞在肝脏内的存活状态。 结果与结论：骨髓间充质干细胞经腹股沟静脉和脾内移植均可降低血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆红素水平,提高白蛋白合成能力,改善肝功能,降低动物死亡率。经腹股沟静脉移植组死亡率低于经脾内移植组。移植后7~30 d在受体大鼠肝脏内均能检测到sry基因阳性细胞的存在,而相应对照组未能检测到sry基因阳性细胞。结果表明①骨髓间充质干细胞移植可改善急性肝衰竭大鼠的肝功能。②骨髓间充质干细胞可在受体肝脏内存活。③经腹股沟静脉移植操作简便易行,死亡率较低,是较好的细胞移植途径     

Myasthenia gravis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

A 26-year-old man, affected by acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, received a bone marrow transplantation from his HLA identical sister. A mild (grade 1) acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) developed during the first month after BMT. A moderate (grade 2) muco-cutaneous GVHD was present from the 4th month on, in association with recurrent oral herpes simplex infection. A typical clinical and electromyographic picture of myasthenia gravis (MG) developed 46 months after BMT, requiring continuous medication with pyridostigmine. A high titer of antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor was found in the serum of the patient but not in the serum of the donor. Since the donor had no evidence of MG or other autoimmune disorders, this is likely to be an autoimmune complication of chronic GVHD. Other cases described in the literature are reviewed: a recurrent expression or coexpression of some HLA antigens was recorded, indicating that some genetic factors could predispose to this acquired disorder.     

Central and peripheral nervous system complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Although graft vs. host disease (GvHD) is a frequent complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) has not been demonstrated conclusively. Here, we report of a patient who, following allogeneic BMT for lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, suffered a syndrome characterized by self-remitting cerebellar and pyramidal signs associated with a progressive involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Clinical course and laboratory findings correlated with relapses of systemic GvDH, thus suggesting the possibility that involvement of CNS and PNS may be sustained by a similar pathogenic mechanism.     

Variable incidence of cyclosporine and FK-506 neurotoxicity in hematopoeitic malignancies and marrow conditions after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Introduction: This study examines whether malignant disease under treatment influences the incidence of cyclosporine or FK-506 neurotoxicity after myeloablative conditioning and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). Methods: Review of 290 patients who received myeloablative conditioning prior to allo-BMT and cyclosporine/FK-506 identified 21 (7.2%) patients with neurotoxicity confirmed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance. Underlying malignancy necessitating allo-BMT included leukemias (67%), lymphoma (10%), myelodysplastic syndrome (10%), and multiple myeloma (MM). Frequency of neurotoxicity by disease was compared. Results: The highest incidence of neurotoxicity was present with MM (25%), whereas the lowest incidence was present with lymphoma (2.7%). Other diseases demonstrated intermediate incidence, including acute leukemias (10%), myelodysplastic syndrome (6.4%), and chronic myelogenous leukemia (4.9%). Conclusion: Cyclosporine/FK-506 neurotoxicity varied according to the underlying malignancy. The variable susceptibility to the development of neurotoxicity in this population may depend on the interaction of host vasculature with disease specific factors. Understanding the cause of neurotoxicity could improve survival after allo-BMT.     

Effects of dendritic cell and subgroup changes on bone marrow transplantation treatment of multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND： Bone marrow transplantation is an effective treatment for severe forms of various autoimmune disorders. Dendritic cell reconstitution is thought to be one factor contributing to host immune recovery and therapeutic efficacy. OBJECTIVE： To assess the effects of bone marrow transplantation on an animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis （EAE）, and to investigate changes in dendritic cells and subgroups following bone marrow transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This experimental, neuroimmunological study was performed in Sun Yat-sen University between August 2006 and May 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 30 female C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, served as recipients, and 20 female adult C57BL/6 served as donors. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 amino acid peptide （MOG35-55） of mudne origin was synthesized by Bio-Scientific （Xi＇an, China, purity 〉 95%）. Complete Freund＇s adjuvant was purchased from Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI; pertussis vaccine was purchased from Alexis, San Diego, CA; radiation device and flow cytometry for FACS analysis were purchased from Theratron 780-C, Canada and Coulter, Fullerton, CA, respectively. METHODS： The C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, were immunized by subcutaneous injection of MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in complete Freund＇s adjuvant, which contained 500 μg Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA. The mice were subsequently intravenously injected with pertussis vaccine to induce EAE. The mice were randomly assigned to transplantation and EAE model groups （n = 12 for each）. Bone marrow cells [（5-10） × 10^6] were transplanted into EAE mice via the tail vein 4-6 hours following total body irradiation, and the model group was not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Mouse behavioral changes following EAE were evaluated daily. Injured spinal cord tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin 20 days after the initial immunization to observe inflammatory infiltration using light microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to detect the ratio and absolute number of DC1 （CD6aCD11c＋） and DC2 （CD8a＋CD11c＋） in peripheral blood 36 days after bone marrow transplantation. RESULTS： Significant improvement in clinical signs was observed in EAE mice following bone marrow transplantation compared with the model group （P 〈 0.01 ）, as well as attenuated lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Compared with the model group, the absolute number of dendritic cells and DC1, as well as the DC1/DC2 ratio, was significantly greater following bone marrow transplantation （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： The increased proportion of dendritic cells and DC1 is proposed to contribute to EAE remission following bone marrow transplantation.     

Psychological factors and survival after bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukemia

Psychological factors may be associated with the outcome of cancer treatment, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, studies on the issue have provided controversial results. In the present study, effects of mood status on the outcome was studied through a follow-up period of 1-3 years as well as in shorter periods (3 and 8 months) post-BMT in 72 Japanese patients with leukemia. Psychological status was evaluated 2 weeks before BMT using Profile of Mood States (POMS). The most major factor abstracted from the POMS subscales (Factor 1, mainly comprising anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue and confusion) was associated with disease-free survival rate at 3 months post-BMT. However, the factor most significantly associated with the outcome was gender. Females had better outcome than males through the period of 1-3 years as well as at 8 months post-BMT. When analyzed by gender, Factor 1 was associated with poor prognosis at 3 and 8 months in males. In females, however, Factor 1 was not significantly associated with the prognosis. The present results suggest an association between mood status pre-BMT and prognosis post-BMT in a gender-specific manner.     

Intense T cell depletion followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation for severe multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Certain stem cell transplantation procedures might slow down inflammatory pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS). AIMS: To halt disease progression in aggressive MS by a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) protocol aimed at maximum T cell suppression. METHODS: Autologous BMT was performed in 14 patients with rapid secondary progressive MS (median EDSS score at baseline, 6; median disease duration, five years). To accomplish rigorous T cell ablation, a strong conditioning protocol was chosen--cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation, and antithymocyte globulin. To minimise the possibility of reinfusing mature T cells in the graft, bone marrow, not peripheral blood, was used as the CD34+ stem cell source. RESULTS: Median follow up was 36 months (range, 7-36). Post-transplant haemopoietic recovery was successful in all patients. Early toxicity included Epstein-Barr virus related post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Longterm effects were development of antithyroid antibodies (three) and myelodysplastic syndrome (one). One patient died of progressive disease five years after transplantation. Treatment failure, defined by EDSS increase sustained for six months or more, was seen in nine patients and stabilisation or improvement in five. Other clinical parameters generally showed the same outcome. No gadolinium enhanced lesions were seen on post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging, in either cerebral or spinal cord scans. However, cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands remained positive in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: This strong immunosuppressive regimen did not prevent clinical progression in patients with aggressive secondary MS. The lack of efficacy, together with some serious side effects, does not favour the use of similar rigorous T cell depleting protocols in the future.     

Neurophysiologic evaluation of cyclosporine toxicity associated with bone marrow transplantation

Introduction —Cortical blindness, a rare form of cyclosporine (CSA) neurotoxicity, has previously been described in only nine bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Methods —Our institution averages 35 allogeneic BMT's per year. In the past year we have seen two women with reversible cortical blindness secondary to CSA toxicity. Results —Age (years) (Case 1; Case 2): 32; 22. Day post-BMT: 41; 50. Peak CSA level (ng/ml): 1159; 632. Both had a history of renal toxicity requiring adjustment of CSA dosage. MRI - both with diffuse white matter changes. EEG - both with moderate to severe generalized slowing. Visual evoked potentials were markedly prolonged in both. Auditory evoked potentials: minimally abnormal; normal. Somatosensory evoked potentials - both normal. Prompt improvement occurred with discontinuation of CSA. Followup neurophysiologic evaluations were normal, however structural changes remained on MRI. Conclusion —As neurophysiologic studies closely follow the clinical status they should be included in the evaluation and followup of CSA neurotoxicity.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗严重糖尿病足：1例报告

背景：研究表明骨髓间充质干细胞在缺血局部可横向分化为血管内皮细胞,并进一步分化形成新生毛细血管,形成新的侧支,改善患者局部血供,从而达到治疗目的,为缺血性下肢血管病的治疗提供了新思路。 目的：观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗严重糖尿病足的临床疗效。 方法：选取1例2型糖尿病患者,严重糖尿病足1肢,经下肢动脉CT血管重建提示下肢血管硬化、狭窄和闭塞,抽取患者骨髓液50 mL,密度梯度离心法分离单个核细胞,贴壁细胞培养法分离纯化骨髓间充质干细胞,微生物检测安全后静脉输注给患者。移植后7,30 d,3个月和6个月,以疼痛、冷感、间歇性跛行、踝肱指数、溃疡与坏疽变化等检测指标,观察治疗效果;以彩色多普勒、CT血管三维重建等检测,观察下肢血流改善和动脉侧支重建情况。 结果与结论：3个月后患者疼痛、冷感明显缓解,麻木改善;6个月后疼痛消失,踝肱指数明显升高,溃疡完全愈合,下肢得以保留,行走间距延长,下肢动脉造影CT三维重建及彩色多普勒检查可见患肢有明显的新生侧支血管、血流明显改善。治疗过程中无心、肝、肺、肾等重要脏器功能的损伤,随访患者14个月,未见移植相关并发症。提示自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植为糖尿病足的治疗提供了一条新途径。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植清除急性肺损伤大鼠的肺泡液体

背景：肺泡液体增多是急性肺损伤的重要病理生理改变,而修复受损的肺泡-毛细血管膜屏障是减轻肺水肿的有效途径。 目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞移植对内毒素诱导急性肺损伤模型大鼠肺泡液体的清除作用。 方法：采用改良的Peister法分离培养大鼠骨髓充质干细胞,传至第3代制成单细胞悬液。将大鼠随机分为3组,急性肺损伤组和骨髓间充质干细胞干预组采用腹腔注射内毒素建立急性肺损伤模型。成功造模1 h后,干预组经尾静脉注射骨髓间充质干细胞悬液0.5 mL(细胞数1×106个),对照组和损伤组同法予以等量生理盐水。各组在尾静脉注射后6,24,48 h,检测肺泡液体清除率、肺水含量程度测定,观察肺组织病理变化。 结果与结论：肺水含量程度测定湿干比肺损伤组在24 h点与其他组比明显升高(P < 0.05);细胞移植组湿干比在各时间点与肺损伤组比明显降低(P < 0.05)。细胞移植组在各时间点肺泡液体清除率与肺损伤组比明显升高(P < 0.05)。苏木精-伊红染色光镜观察,肺损伤组6 h点表现为毛细血管充血,肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润,24 h点加重;细胞移植组6 h点肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润较肺损伤组轻,24 h点继续减轻,48 h点基本接近正常对照组。提示,骨髓间充质干细胞移植可能通过能修复受损的肺泡-毛细血管膜屏障从而增加急性肺损伤大鼠肺泡液体清除。     

Neurophysiologic evaluation of cyclosporine toxicity associated with bone marrow transplantation

Introduction – Cortical blindness, a rare form of cyclosporine (CSA) neurotoxicity, has previously been described in only nine bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Methods - Our institution averages 35 allogeneic BMT's per year. In the past year we have seen two women with reversible cortical blindness secondary to CSA toxicity. Results - Age (years) (Case 1; Case 2): 32; 22. Day post-BMT: 41; 50. Peak CSA level (ng/ml): 1159; 632. Both had a history of renal toxicity requiring adjustment of CSA dosage. MRI - both with diffuse white matter changes. EEG-both with moderate to severe generalized slowing. Visual evoked potentials were markedly prolonged in both. Auditory evoked potentials: minimally abnormal; normal. Somatosensory evoked potentials - both normal. Prompt improvement occurred with discontinuation of CSA. Followup neurophysiologic evaluations were normal, however structural changes remained on MRI. Conclusion - As neurophysiologic studies closely follow the clinical status they should be included in the evaluation and followup of CSA neurotoxicity.     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞回输对脑性瘫痪儿童运动功能发育的影响

背景：自体骨髓干细胞对神经系统疾病具有一定的治疗作用,但对脑瘫治疗缺乏系统有对照的临床研究。 目的：分析自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脑性瘫痪儿童运动功能发育的影响。 方法：将34例脑性瘫痪者按其家长是否同意使用自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采取自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植结合康复训练,对照组只采用康复训练,分别在治疗前和治疗后3个月做粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评估并进行对比。 结果与结论：与治疗前比较,2组治疗后3个月GMFM评分均增高,而GMFM评分增加量均降低,差异均有显著性意义 (P < 0.05)。治疗组GMFM评分增加量高于对照组(P < 0.05)。 提示自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗脑性瘫痪是有效的,对促进脑性瘫痪患儿运动功能发育有积极作用。     

经动脉骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合普伐他汀治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死

背景：近年来干细胞移植治疗股骨头缺血性坏死逐渐兴起,股骨头坏死的发病除与各种原因引起的局部组织缺血有关以外,研究还发现股骨头坏死的发病可能与成骨细胞及骨髓基质细胞的功能下降有关。 目的：观察经动脉自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合普伐他汀治疗Ⅰ~Ⅱ期股骨头缺血性坏死的可行性。 方法：纳入股骨头缺血性坏死患者32例49髋,经集落细胞刺激因子动员后采集患者骨髓间充质干细胞,采用Seldinger穿刺技术,从非治疗侧股动脉成功穿刺后,通过非治疗侧的髂总动脉、腹主动脉至治疗侧髂总动脉,注射非离子对比剂15 mL。将自体干细胞悬液通过导管分2次缓慢注射入旋股内、外侧动脉及闭孔动脉,每次注射时间大于5 min。干细胞移植治疗术毕,口服普伐他汀联合治疗。治疗后随访,观察股骨头缺血性坏死临床症状改变情况和髋关节活动度。 结果与结论：32例患者49髋均完成半年以上随访,患者髋部疼痛缓解,髋关节功能改善,关节活动范围明显扩大,尤其是外展功能恢复明显行走距离增加。16例21髋患者治疗6个月后股骨头血管造影结果显示,股骨头内新生血管增多,血供改善。提示骨髓间充质干细胞移植联合普伐他汀治疗早期股骨头缺血性坏死损伤小,可有效恢复髋关节功能,阻止或延缓疾病的进一步发展。     

Human herpes virus 6 encephalomyelitis after bone marrow transplantation: Report of an autopsy case

Human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) has attracted attention in recent years as an important causative agent for limbic encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We report an autopsy case of HHV6‐induced encephalomyelitis that developed after BMT. The patient was a 61‐year‐old man with acute myeloid leukemia, who developed disorientation and short‐term memory disturbance 35 days after allogenic BMT. MRI demonstrated T1‐weighted high‐signal intensity lesions in the medial temporal lobe and thalamus, and PCR of the CSF disclosed an increase in the copy numbers of the HHV6 genome. The patient died after a clinical course of 6 months, and at autopsy the brain showed remarkable atrophy of the hippocampus. Histopathologically, neuronal loss with astrocytosis and patchy necrosis with infiltration of macrophages were found predominantly in the hippocampus, amygdala, mamillary body, claustrum, and thalamus. Perivascular and intraparenchymal lymphocytic infiltration was slight. Similar lesions were also scattered in the cerebral neocortex, midbrain, pontine base, cerebellar white matter, and lumbar cord. In some of these lesions, axons were relatively preserved in comparison with myelin sheaths. Significant increase in the copy numbers of the HHV6 genome was demonstrated in the postmortem brain tissue by PCR. Neuropathological features of the present case were similar to those described in previously reported cases, but the distribution of lesions was more widespread. Demyelination was supposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of some of the lesions.     

Timing and cell dose determine therapeutic effects of bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in rat model of cerebral infarct

Stereotactic transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) enables efficient delivery to the infarct brain. This study was aimed to assess its optimal timing and cell dose for ischemic stroke. The BMSCs were harvested from the green fluorescent protein‐transgenic rats and were labeled with quantum dots. The BMSCs (1 × 10⁵ or 1 × 10⁶) were stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion at 1 or 4 weeks post‐ischemia. Motor function was serially assessed. Using in vivo near infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, the engrafted BMSCs were visualized at 3 weeks post‐transplantation. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate their fate. Functional recovery was significantly enhanced when both low and high doses of BMSCs were transplanted at 1 week post‐ischemia, but such therapeutic effects were observed only when the high‐dose BMSCs were transplanted at 4 weeks post‐ischemia. Both optical imaging and immunohistochemistry revealed their better engraftment in the peri‐infarct area when the high‐dose BMSCs were transplanted at 1 or 4 weeks post‐ischemia. These findings strongly suggest the importance of timing and cell dose to yield therapeutic effects of BMSC transplantation for ischemic stroke. Earlier transplantation requires a smaller number of donor cells for beneficial effects.     

Neural cell co-culture induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal-like cells★

BACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that the neural cell microenvironment has the ability to induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into the neural cells. OBJECTIVE: To establish a co-culture system of human BMSCs and neural cells, and to observe effects of this co-culture system on differentiation of human BMSCs into neural cells. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A comparative observation experiment, performed at the Center Labora-tory of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University from October 2006 to December 2007. MATERIALS: Neural cells were obtained from human fetal brain tissue. BMSCs were harvested from fe-male patients that underwent autonomous stem cell transplantation. METHODS: BMSCs in the co-culture group consisted of BMSCs and third passage neural cells. BMSCs in the control group were solely cultured in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological changes of BMSCs were observed, and expression of the neuronal specific marker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining after 4–5-day co-culture. RESULTS: The number of neural cells in the co-culture group increased and the cells spread on the culture bottle surface. Radial dendrite formed and connected with each other. NSE-immunoreactive cells were also detected. The positive ratio of NSE-positive cells reached (32.7±11.5)%, with morphological characteristics similar to neuronal cells. Human BMSCs did not express NSE in the control group. CONCLUSION: The microenvironment provided by neurons induced differentiation of BMSCs into neu-ronal-like cells. Key Words: bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; stem cell transplantation; cell differentiation; neurons     

Bone marrow stromal cell versus neural stem cell transplantation in a C6 glioma rat model

BACKGROUND:Embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) have provided positive effects for the treatment of glioma. However, the source for embryonic NSCs remains limited and high amplification conditions are required. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been proposed for the treatment of glioma. OBJECTIVE:To investigate biological changes in NSCs and BMSCs following transplantation into rat models of glioma.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING:A randomized, controlled, animal experiment was performed at the Embryonic Stem Cell Research Laboratory of Yunyang Medical College from February 2006 to August 2008.MATERIALS:The rat C6 glioma cell line was purchased from Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) monoclonal antibody and Cy3-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG antibody was purchased from Upstate, USA. METHODS:A total of 95 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups:NSC (n = 35), transplanted with > 6 × 106 NSCs via left medial hind limb; BMSC (n = 35), transplanted with > 1 × 106 BMSCs via left medial hind limb; model group (n = 25), injected with the same volume of 0.1 mmol/L phosphate buffered saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Gliomal growth and size were assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance, and glioma morphological features were observed following hematoxylin-eosin staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry 3 and 4 weeks following transplantation.RESULTS:The average survival of rats in the BMSC, NSC, and model groups was 4.03, 4.28, and 3.88 weeks. At 3 weeks, there was no significant difference in the average glioma diameter between the BMSC and model groups (P > 0.05). However, gliomal diameter was significantly decreased in the NSC group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks, there was no statistical difference between the groups (P > 0.05). BrdU immunohistochemistry revealed that BMSCs and NSCs appeared to migrate to the gliomas.CONCLUSION:NSCs inhibited glioma cell growth and prolonged rat survival. BMSCs did not significantly suppress glioma cell growth.     

藻酸盐凝胶三维培养条件下体外定向诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨

目的 探讨转化生长因子β1 （TGF-β1）,软骨源性形态发生蛋白1（CDMP1）在三维条件下诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞分化过程中的相互作用。 方法 无菌条件下,常规消毒12-20周流产胚胎,无菌术取出股骨。用密度梯度离心法和贴壁法分离纯化人胚骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养传代。采用特定的诱导培养使骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨分化,按培养基内添加生长因子的不同分成3个实验组和对照组。实验组分别为A组CDMP1+TGF-β1（300ng/mlCDMP1、10ng/mlTGF-β1）;B组10ng/mlTGF-β1;C组300ng/mlCDMP1;D组对照组不添加任何生长因子。先进行单层细胞培养10天,再置于藻酸盐凝胶中继续培养11天,然后进行蛋白多糖含量的测定、Ⅱ型胶原的检测。 结果 第21天后,各组细胞培养的个数均有显著性差异,即A组>B组>C组>D组;21天后各组的藻酸盐支架蛋白多糖含量检测结果即A组>B组>C组>D组（P<0.05）。 结论 骨髓间充质干细胞在三维条件下,CDMP1和TGF-β1联合作用有明显的促进骨髓间充质干细胞成软骨的作用。     

POEMS syndrome: relapse after successful autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

We report a patient with POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, Skin changes) treated with high dose chemotherapy and auto-Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (auto-PBSCT) who had a very good response with complete clinical remission. Seven years later, she relapsed and a new sclerotic bone lesion was found. To our knowledge, this is the first POEMS syndrome relapse after successful auto-PBSCT.