冠心病非心脏手术术前盐酸戊乙奎醚的应用

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚(商品名:长托宁)与东莨菪碱对心率、血压、唾液分泌的影响。方法随机选出术前访视中符合冠心病诊断标准的择期手术患者80例,全麻下行胸科、头颈肿瘤等大中型手术,术前检查ECG异常。随机分为2组,分别于入室肌肉注射长托宁1.0mg或东莨菪碱0.3mg,观察对心率、血压和口腔唾液分泌的影响。结果长托宁与东莨菪碱比较,前者具有明显的心率稳定作用,气管插管后,长托宁的心率稳定作用与东莨菪碱比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。长托宁组血压在术中略低于东莨菪碱组,与基础值相比有差异,但血压均在正常范围。对腺体分泌抑制作用,长托宁作用时间明显长于东莨菪碱,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),拔管差异也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论长托宁对心率、血压、循环稳定性好,抑制腺体作用时间长;对冠状动脉硬化,心肌缺血,心肌收缩力减退等患者,长托宁作为术前用药效果确实、安全、平稳。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚作为心房颤动伴高血压患者术前用药的观察

目的 观察盐酸戊乙奎醚作为心房颤动伴高血压患者术前用药的临床效果.方法 将40例拟在全麻下行下腹部短小手术的心房颤动伴高血压患者按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组20例,麻醉前分别肌肉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg和东莨菪碱0.3 mg.观察并记录两组患者的血压、心率、脉搏、口腔分泌物、警觉/镇静评分及不良反应等情况.结果 研究组警觉/镇静评分为(4.5±0.6)分,对照组为(4.9±0.2)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).研究组心率、血压、脉搏更平稳(P＜0.01或＜0.05).研究组拔管后3 h口腔分泌物较多+大量者少于对照组(P＜0.01).两组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚是心房颤动伴高血压患者术前用药一种很好的选择.     

老年患者麻醉前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚的临床观察

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品用于老年患者麻醉前用药对唾液分泌、心率、呼吸的影响,探讨盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品作为麻醉前用药的差异。方法随机选择择期手术老年患者40例,随机分为A组(盐酸戊乙奎醚组)和B组(阿托品组)各20例,两组均分别于入手术室后肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品0·01mg?kg,观察记录注药前、注药后10、20、30min各时点心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2),同时记录面色、口干程度及持续时间、起效时间等。结果两组给药后对心率、血压均无明显影响,面红、口干程度也无明显差异(p>0·05),两组抑制唾液分泌的起效时间无显著性差异,但是口干持续时间,盐酸戊乙奎醚组明显长于阿托品组(p<0·05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚对心率、呼吸、体温无显著影响,老年患者麻醉前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚可有效抑制唾液的分泌,比阿托品的作用显著,值得在临床上推广应用。     

静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚对心率和血压的影响

目的探讨静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚对心率和血压的影响程度。方法行择期手术的成年患者20例,静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,观察静卧5 min后(T0)、注药后1 min(T1)、3 min(T2)、5 min(T3)、10 min(T4)、20 min(T5)共6个时点的心率及平均动脉压。结果对于心率的变化,时间主效应有统计学意义(F=8.598,p<0.001),T0与T1的心率均值差为17次/min,差异有统计学意义;对于平均动脉压的变化,时间主效应无统计学意义(F=0.782,p>0.05)。结论静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚(0.01mg/kg)可使心率增快,对平均动脉压无明显影响。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品复合咪达唑仑作为全子宫切除术术前用药的临床研究

目的:比较盐酸戊乙奎醚或阿托品复合咪达唑仑作为妇科全子宫切除术术前用药的安全性及适用性。方法:将80例拟行全子宫切除术的患者随机分为两组,分别肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚1 mg或阿托品0.5 mg和咪达唑仑0.07 mg/kg(总量不超过5 mg)作为术前用药,记录患者给药前、给药后10 m in、20 m in、30 m in、45 m in的心率、血压、血氧饱和度的变化,以及患者的镇静程度、镇静持续时间和遗忘程度。结果:盐酸戊乙奎醚组的血压、心率、血氧饱和度基本稳定,阿托品组心率明显增快(P<0.05)。盐酸戊乙奎醚组的镇静程度及遗忘作用优于阿托品组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚复合咪达唑仑较阿托品复合咪达唑仑更适合作为妇科全子宫切除术的术前用药。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗有机磷农药中毒临床分析

目的 观察新型抗胆碱能药盐酸戊乙奎醚治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的疗效与安全性.方法 158例患者急性有机磷中毒患者随机分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组80例与阿托品组78例,2组间除分别采取盐酸戊乙奎醚和阿托品治疗外,其他治疗相同,对2组疗效及不良反应进行比较.结果 2组治愈率、病死率在轻、中度患者差异无显著性(P＞0.05),但在重度中毒者差异有显著性(P＜0.05),其用药次数,住院日、不良反应发生率2组有差异显著性(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸戊乙奎醚是抢救有机磷中毒理想的抗胆能药物,可取代阿托品在有机磷农药中毒中常规应用.     

盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤术前准备的临床观察

目的观察选择性M-受体拮抗剂盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤病人术前准备的临床效果。方法选取烧伤科择期全麻手术60例,随机分为3组,每组20例:对照组(A组),不应用术前药;阿托品组(B组)和戊乙奎醚组(C组),分别于麻醉诱导前30m in肌肉注射阿托品或盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01 mg/kg,记录用药后诱导前患者口腔干燥程度,气管插管后5 m in至术毕拔管时气道分泌物量和心率。结果诱导前B组患者心率明显高于C组和A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。诱导前至气管插管后2 h,B组和C组患者的气道分泌物明显小于A组(P<0.05)。术毕拔管时,B组患者的气道分泌物则多于C组(P<0.05)。结论选择性新型M-受体拮抗剂盐酸戊乙奎醚用于烧伤外科手术术前用药临床效果优于阿托品。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚注射液预防剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇不良反应的临床观察

目的观察盐酸戊乙奎醚注射液预防剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇不良反应的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年3月在廊坊市第四人民医院因宫缩乏力行剖宫产术而使用卡前列素氨丁三醇的产妇70例的临床资料,按照术中是否使用盐酸戊乙奎醚注射液将患者分为盐酸戊乙奎醚组和对照组,每组35例。两组均采用新式子宫下段剖宫产术,使用缩宫素和卡前列素氨丁三醇前盐酸戊乙奎醚组静脉注射稀释于2 m L生理盐水的盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5 mg,对照组则静脉注射生理盐水2 m L。观察比较两组产妇恶心、呕吐、面部潮红、胸闷憋气、血压升高、心悸等不良反应的发生情况。结果(1)两组产妇年龄、体质量、ASA分级、孕周、术中输液量、术中出血量、手术时间等一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)两组间各时间节点平均动脉压、心率、经皮血氧饱和度和呼吸频率相比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)盐酸戊乙奎醚组恶心、呕吐、胸闷憋气的发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚注射液可有效预防剖宫产术中卡前列素氨丁三醇所致的胃肠道和呼吸道不良反应。     

盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品用于老年患者麻醉术前与术后拮抗的效果与不良反应

目的比较盐酸戊乙奎醚与阿托品在老年患者麻醉术前用药与术后拮抗中的效果与不良反应。方法选取气管插管全身麻醉手术患者40例,随机分为阿托品组(A组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(C组),每组20例。入室后给予阿托品(A组)0.01mg/kg或盐酸戊乙奎醚(C组)0.01mg/kg静脉注射,半小时后行麻醉诱导。术毕待TOF恢复至25%即给予新斯的明0.02mg/kg及阿托品0.01mg/kg(A组)或盐酸戊乙奎醚0.01mg/kg(C组)拮抗,待TOF恢复至75%时拔管并送入PACU。于术前一天(T0)、术前用药后5min(T1)、15min(T2)、30min(T3)、术毕拮抗后5min(T4)、15min(T5)、30min(T6)及术后12h(T7)、24h(T8)观察心率(HR)、血压(BP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、OAA/S值、瞳孔直径;并行分泌物评级、口干VAS评分及记录复视、躁动、幻觉的发生率。结果C组患者T1至T6的HR较A组同时点低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。两组患者T6、T7的OAA/S评分均较T0时降低,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05);A组T3、T6及C组T3、T6、T7的瞳孔直径较T0时扩大,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率无统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论盐酸戊乙奎醚对于老年患者在术前用药及术后复苏期较阿托品具有更好的控制心率作用,同时对中枢神经系统无不良影响,可有效控制分泌物。     

妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚的临床观察

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术前应用盐酸戊乙奎醚对胎儿及产妇的影响。方法:将200例择期妊娠期高血压疾病产妇剖宫产术随机分为阿托品(A组)和盐酸戊乙奎醚组(C组)各100例,C组术前肌注盐酸戊乙奎醚0.5mg,A组术前肌注阿托品0.5 mg。观察两组HR、收缩压(SBP)、心脏每搏输出量(SV)、心排血指数(CI),口干程度视觉模拟评分(VAS)、寒战及新生儿1和5 min Apgar评分。结果:A组给药后HR、SBP、SV、CI明显高于给药前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),C组各时点SBP均较给药前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但均在正常范围内;C组给药后HR、SV、CI与给药前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组有42例寒战反应,C组无寒战反应,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组给药后VAS评分、新生儿1和5 min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:盐酸戊乙奎醚可安全用于妊娠期高血压疾病剖宫产术前用药。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.