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1.
Summary. To define the genetic variability of RHDV strains collected in eastern Hungary, liver samples from rabbits that had died of
RHD were collected between 1988 and 2003. The phylogenetic analysis of a 528-nucleotide-long portion of the gene encoding
the VP60 capsid protein assigned the strains into three genogroups. The first group contained viruses from 1988–1993, and
a second group comprised isolates from 1994–2002. A third group comprised all of the tested representatives of the RHDVa subtype
and a Hungarian isolate from 2003. These findings were supported by the alignments of the deduced amino acid sequences of
the VP60 gene and strongly suggest the presence of the RHDVa subtype in Hungary. 相似文献
2.
Summary. The genes encoding the outer capsid VP4 proteins of four lapine rotavirus strains, three isolated in the US (ALA, C-11 and
BAP-2) and one isolated in Japan (R-2) were sequenced, and the predicted amino acid (aa) sequence was compared to all known
rotavirus genotypes. A high degree of aa identity (96.8–98.9%) was found among the American lapine strains, while the Japanese
rotavirus strain R-2 shared less aa identity (89.5–90.0%) with the American strains. The four lapine rotaviruses shared the
closest aa identity (90.6–94.9%) with the P[14] genotype, consisting of viruses isolated from humans in Italy, Finland and
Thailand. These results indicate that the VP4 protein of the four lapine strains are genotype P14, and that among lapine strains
there are possibly two subtypes, one represented by the American lapine strains and the other by the Japanese R-2 strain.
Accepted October 2, 1996 Received July 12, 1996 相似文献
3.
Anupam Mukherjee Dipanjan Dutta Souvik Ghosh Parikshit Bagchi Shiladitya Chattopadhyay Shigeo Nagashima Nobumichi Kobayashi Phalguni Dutta Triveni Krishnan Trailokya Nath Naik Mamta Chawla-Sarkar 《Archives of virology》2009,154(5):733-746
Deduced amino acid sequence and phylogenetic analyses of a group A rotavirus G9P[6] strain (designated as mcs/13-07), detected
from a 3-year-old child in Eastern India, revealed a VP8* closely related to porcine P[6] strains (P[6] sublineage 1D), and
the VP7 clustered with G9 lineage-III strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of human P[6] strain clustering
in sublineage Id. Thus, to further characterize the evolutionary diversity of strain mcs/13-07, all gene segments were analyzed.
VP6 and NSP4 exhibited genetic relatedness to Wa-like human subgroup II strains, while VP1-3, NSP1-3 and NSP5 were closely
related to porcine strains. Based on the new classification system of rotaviruses, mcs/13-07 revealed a G9–P[6]–I1–R1–C1–M1–A8–N1–T1–E1–H1
genotype with close similarity to human Wa-like and porcine Gottfried strains. Therefore, considering the porcine-like or
porcine origin of multiple gene segments, it might be tempting to assume that strain mcs/13-07 represents a rare instance
of whole-virus transmission from pig to human, after which the virus evolved with time. Alternatively, it is possible that
strain mcs/13-07 resulted from multiple reassortment events involving human subgroup II and porcine P[6] strains. Nevertheless,
detection of strain mcs/13-07 provides further evidence for complex interspecies transmission events, which are frequent in
developing countries. 相似文献
4.
Gharbi-Khelifi H Sdiri K Harrath R Fki L Hakim H Berthomé M Billaudel S Ferre V Aouni M 《Virus genes》2007,35(2):155-159
To evaluate the genetic variability of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates in Tunisia, serum samples were collected from 99 patients
in different Tunisian areas in 2003 containing 92 cases with acute hepatitis, five with severe acute hepatitis and two with
fulminant hepatitis. The entire VP1 gene was amplified and sequenced. Sequences were then aligned and a phylogenetic analysis
was performed. Additionally, the amino acid (aa) sequence of the VP1 was determined. The analysis of Tunisian HAV isolates
revealed that all the isolates were sub-genotype IA with 96.4%–99.8% of identity and showed the emergence of two novel antigenic
variants. The Tun31-03 antigenic variant, with a 38 aa deletion containing Met156, Val171, Leu174 and Ala176 and located between
150 and 187 aa of the VP1 protein where neutralization escape mutations, was found. The second antigenic variant, Tun36-03,
was isolated from a patient with fulminant hepatitis and presented a substitution of Thr by Pro at position 10 of the VP1
protein. This amino acid is located in a peptide presenting an antigenically reactive epitope of the VP1 protein. This substitution
has never been described previously. 相似文献
5.
Gedvilaite A Aleksaite E Staniulis J Ulrich R Sasnauskas K 《Archives of virology》2006,151(9):1811-1825
Summary. The hamster polyomavirus major capsid protein VP1 was modified in its carboxy-terminal region by consecutive truncations and
single amino acid exchanges. The ability of yeast-expressed VP1 variants to form virus-like particles (VLPs) strongly depended
on the size and position of the truncation. VP1 variants lacking 21, 69, and 79 amino acid (aa) residues in their carboxy-terminal
region efficiently formed VLPs similar to those formed by the unmodified VP1 (diameter 40–45 nm). In contrast, VP1 derivatives
with carboxy-terminal truncations of 35 to 56 aa residues failed to form VLPs. VP1 mutants with a single A336G aa exchange
or internal deletions of aa 335 to aa 346 and aa 335 to aa 363 resulted in the formation of VLPs of a smaller size (diameter
20 nm). These data indicate that certain parts of the carboxy-terminal region of VP1 are not essential for pentamer–pentamer
interactions in the capsid, at least in the yeast expression system used. 相似文献
6.
Summary. The cDNA nucleotide sequence of the genome segment B encoding the VP1 protein, the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
(RdRp), was determined for 5 marine birnavirus (MABV) strains from different host or geographic origins and 1 infectious pancreatic
necrosis virus (IPNV) strain AM-98. Segment B of the IPNV AM-98 strain and 4 MABV strains, Y-6, YT-01A, H1 and NC1, contained
a 2535 bp ORF, which encoded a protein of 845 amino acid residues with a predicted MW of 94.4 kDa. Only the MABV AY-98 RdRp
had 1 amino acid shorter RdRp. Pairwise comparisons were made among our data and 4 other known IPNV sequences. The nucleotide
sequences of the 5 MABV strains were very similar each other, with identities of 98.3–99.7%. The highest divergence of the
nucleotide level was between MABV strains and IPNV SP strain (serotype A2), with 20.4–20.8% divergences in the coding region,
which gave 10.1–11.3% divergence in the amino acid level. The aquabirnavirus RdRp was noticeably conserved in amino acid sequences.
Though the identities of the nucleotide sequences of encoding region were 85.1–85.9% between MABV strains and IPNV serotype
A1 strains, they shared as high as 95.1–95.9% identities in amino acid level. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on
the amino acid sequences of the RdRp gene from different birnaviruses including avibirnavirus and entomobirnavirus. Ten aquabirnavirus
strains were clustered into 3 Genogroups. The Genogroup I consisted of four IPNV A1 serotype strains. All MABV strains were
clustered into Genogroup II. Only IPNV SP strain was clustered into an independent Genogroup III.
Received August 19, 2002; accepted October 30, 2002 相似文献
7.
Ujvári D 《Virus genes》2006,32(1):49-57
This paper describes the complete genome sequence of IT-227/82, a strain of avian paramyxovirus type-1 of pigeon (PPMV-1).
IT-227/82 is an antigenic variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of chickens. The genome is 15,192 nucleotides (nt) long,
similarly to the previously published NDV strain ZJ1. It is, however, six nt longer than the genomes of NDV strains LaSota/46
and Beaudette C. The six-nt insertion was located in the 5′ non-coding region of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene. The presence
of this six-nt insertion showed no correlation with the virulence or the reservoir of the NDV strains sequenced so far. The
genome length of 15,186 or 15,192 nt can be connected however, to “old” (I, II, III and IV) and “new” (V, VI, VII and VIII)
NDV genotypes, respectively. Comparison of open reading frames indicated that the PPMV-1 strain IT-227/82 encodes the longest
W protein, (227 amino acids). The length of the W protein showed remarkable differences even within genotypes and cannot be
regarded, therefore, as a phylogenetic feature. The haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of strain IT-227/82 consists of 571
amino acids, similarly to genotypes IV, V and VII NDV strains, while genotype I and II strains have longer HN proteins, 616
and 577 amino acids, respectively. The length of the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein possesses phylogenetic importance. 相似文献
8.
Most of the molecular epidemiological studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) are based on comparison of VP1 gene sequence.
In this report, The nucleotide sequences of the VP1 coding region of FMDV type O strains O/HKN/3/01, O/HKN/5/01, O/HKN/12/01,
O/HKN/7/02 and O/HKN/10/02, isolated from the disease outbreak that occurred in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Hong
Kong SAR) of China during 2001–2002, were determined and compared with the sequences of other FMDVs. The results revealed
that the VP1 gene of the five isolates had the same nucleotide (nt) sequences (639 nt), coding for 213 amino acids, and no
changes were found either at the critical amino acid sites 144 (Val), 148 (Leu), 154 (Lys) and 208 (Pro) within the VP1 protein
epitope (amino acids 140–160, 200–213), or in the amino acids 145–147 comprising the arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD)
sequence that is involved in the adsorption of virus to host cell. Analysis of the VP1 gene nucleotide sequence revealed that
the five isolates examined were most closely related to FMDVs found in Hong Kong from 1991 to 1999 and Taiwan in 1997. Furthermore,
although the critical amino acids on the antigen epitope of the prevalent Hong Kong isolates and the serotype O vaccine strain,
O1/Manisa/Turkey/69, showed relative conservativeness, they were distantly related genetically, which showed that there existed
variation between the prevalent Hong Kong FMDV strains and the vaccine strain. 相似文献
9.
Nagesha HS McColl KA Collins BJ Morrissy CJ Wang LF Westbury HA 《Archives of virology》2000,145(4):749-757
Summary. Sera collected from Australian wild rabbits prior to the escape of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) from Wardang
Island were examined for RHDV antibodies using purified recombinant capsid protein VP60 expressed from baculovirus. A VP60-based
indirect ELISA showed that 196 of 392 wild rabbit sera reacted (OD450>0.15) with VP60. Twenty sera (OD450 ranging from 0.15–2.47), randomly chosen from the 196 positive sera, recognized the 64 kDa VP60 in Western blot analysis,
indicating that the reactivity detected in ELISA is indeed specific to the VP60 antigen. In a separate study, sera of 23 rabbits
from an RHD-free area after the escape of RHDV were tested by ELISA and 21 of the 23 rabbits were found to be positive. When
these rabbits were challenged with a lethal dose of RHDV, 11 out of the 23 rabbits survived. The presence of RHDV-protective
antibodies in some of these rabbits suggested that they had been exposed to a pre-existing non-virulent rabbit calicivirus
closely related to RHDV. These results highlight the need to study the prevalence of, and to characterize, this viral agent
in order to effectively control rabbit populations in Australia and New Zealand.
Received June 25, 1999/Accepted October 21, 1999 相似文献
10.
Davaalkham D Ojima T Uehara R Watanabe M Oki I Endo K Takahashi M Okamoto H Nakamura Y 《Archives of virology》2007,152(3):575-584
Summary. Although the potential significance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants for failure of immunization has been studied
in some endemic countries, whether the “a” determinant variants are responsible for vaccine failure in Mongolia remains unknown.
Fifty-nine HBsAg-positive children (age: 8.8 ± 0.9 years) who had been observed during the nationwide survey of vaccinated
cohorts conducted in 2004 were subjected to molecular analyses of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Partial S gene sequences encoding
amino acids (aa) 40–171 of HBsAg were determined in 57 children (96.6%) who had detectable HBV DNA. Phylogenetic analysis
of the S gene sequences revealed that genotype D accounted for 93.0% and genotype A for 5.3%. Only one child (1.7%) had HBVs
of genotypes A and D. HBsAg mutations were found in 17 (29.8%) children ranging from 1 to 4 aa per subject (mean ± SD, 1.6
± 0.9 aa). Pro127Thr and Thr118Ala were the most common substitutions, which occurred in 6 (10.5%) and 3 (5.3%) subjects,
respectively; none had Gly145Arg. There were no significant associations in the prevalence of HBsAg mutations with age, sex,
residential area, or vaccination status against hepatitis B. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the entire preS1/preS2/S
gene revealed that eight genotype D isolates and one genotype A isolate were quite similar to previously-reported wild-type
isolates, suggesting that they are essentially wild-type, but not vaccine-induced mutants. In conclusion, the results demonstrate
that hepatitis B surface gene mutants do not play a significant role in vaccination failure in Mongolia. 相似文献
11.
Summary. Classical serotype 1 infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDV), but not very virulent (vv) isolates, react with neutralizing
monoclonal antibody (NMab) 3 in virus neutralization tests or antigen-capture ELISA. Two other NMabs, 6 and 8, bind to both
classical and most vv strains, but not to the atypical 94 432 and 91 168 vv strains, respectively. The basis for such reactivities
was investigated by sequencing the genome region encoding the VP2 major immunogenic domain. In classical, variant, vaccine
or vv IBDV strains, negative reactions with NMab3 were associated with changes in the Proline-Glycine pair at amino-acid (aa)
positions 222–223 (hydrophilic peak A), and negative reactions with NMabs 6 and 8 with aa changes from positions 318 to 324
(hydrophilic peak B). The 91 168 and 94 432 viruses are the first vvIBDVs to present aa changes in peak B.
Received January 9, 1998 Accepted March 20, 1998 相似文献
12.
The authentic major capsid protein 1 (VP1) of hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) consists of 384 amino acid (aa) residues (42 kDa).
Expression from an additional in-frame initiation codon located upstream from the authentic VP1 open reading frame (at position
−4) might result in the synthesis of a 388 aa-long, amino-terminally extended VP1 (aa −4 to aa 384; VP1ext). In a plasmid-mediated Drosophila Schneider (S2) cell expression system, both VP1 derivatives as well as a VP1ext variant with an amino acid exchange of the authentic Met1Gly (VP1ext-M1) were expressed to a similar high level. Although all three proteins were detected in nuclear as well as cytoplasmic fractions,
formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) was observed exclusively in the nucleus as confirmed by negative staining electron
microscopy. The use of a tryptophan promoter-driven Escherichia coli expression system resulted in the efficient synthesis of VP1 and VP1ext and formation of VLPs. In addition, establishment of an in vitro disassembly/reassembly system allowed the encapsidation
of plasmid DNA into VLPs. Encapsidated DNA was found to be protected against the action of DNase I. Mammalian COS-7 and CHO
cells were transfected with HaPyV-VP1-VLPs carrying a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). In both
cell lines eGFP expression was detected indicating successful transfer of the plasmid into the cells, though at a still low
level. Cesium chloride gradient centrifugation allowed the separation of VLPs with encapsidated DNA from “empty” VLPs, which
might be useful for further optimization of transfection. Therefore, heterologously expressed HaPyV-VP1 may represent a promising
alternative carrier for foreign DNA in gene transfer applications. 相似文献
13.
South African G4P[6] asymptomatic and symptomatic neonatal rotavirus strains differ in their NSP4, VP8*, and VP7 genes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Over the past decade, a G4P[6] strain has been found to be circulating in different neonatal wards in the Pretoria area. This endemic strain was associated with both asymptomatic and symptomatic infection, providing the opportunity to undertake a molecular study of some of the putative "virulence" genes. The genes encoding NSP4, VP8*, and VP7 of two asymptomatic and two Symptomatic strains were sequenced and compared with ST3. Within each of these genes, amino acid substitutions unique to South African strains were recorded. Four conserved amino acid differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic strains at aa 82 (serine to leucine), aa 114 (aspartic acid to glutamic acid), aa 138 (proline to threonine), and aa 169 (leucine to serine) were identified within the NSP4 gene. The hypervariable region of VP8* exhibited 10 specific amino acid differences (at aa 73, 78, 98, 111, 116, 142, 145, 167, 169, and 188) between asymptomatic and symptomatic strains, while three amino acid substitutions within VP7 were noted. These changes to VP7 occurred within the glycosylation site at aa 70 (leucine to serine), at antigenic region A (aa 96, asparagine to threonine), and at aa 318 (aspartic acid to glycine). It may be speculated that these changes are specific to G4P[6] strains. Furthermore, the observed substitutions may also be particular to South African strains. NSP4, VP8*, and VP7 have been associated with virulence and the amino acid substitutions within these genes correlate with both asymptomatic and symptomatic infection observed in neonates. 相似文献
14.
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) spike glycoprotein S1 subunit is required to initiate infection and contains virus-neutralizing
and serotype-specific epitope(s). Reported are the S1 gene nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences for the Florida 18288
strain and isolates GA-92, CV-56b, CV-9437, CV-1686, and 1013. These sequences were compared with previously published gene
sequences of IBV strains, and phylogenetic relationships are reported. The S1 amino acid sequence of Florida 18288 was 94.9%
similar to the Connecticut strain, and GA-92 was 92.8% similar to the Arkansas 99 strain. S1 amino acid sequences of the California
variants, CV-56b, CV-9437, and CV-1686, were 97.6–99.3% similar to one another and only 76.6%–76.8% similar to the Arkansas-type
strains. Isolate 1013, also from California, was 84.0% similar to Ark DPI and 77.9% similar to CV-56b. When comparing 19 viruses
isolated from the United States, sequence variations were observed between amino acids 55–96, 115–149, 255–309, and 378–395.
Similar regions are reported to be involved in virus-neutralizing and/or serotype-specific epitopes. These data demonstrate
that variant IBV strains continue to emerge, and unique variants may circulate among poultry in geographically isolated areas.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Summary During longitudinal epidemiological studies of rotavirus infections in children in Melbourne, Australia human G3P2 rotavirus strains causing asymptomatic or symptomatic infections have been identified. Eleven strains (AS strains) associated with asymptomatic infection of newborn babies from 1974–1984, and five strains (S strains) associated with symptomatic infection of newborn babies (4) or a 22 week old infant (1) during 1980–1986 were studied. The entire nucleotide sequences of genes coding for VP4, VP7, NSP4 and VP6 were derived for representative AS and S strains. The nucleotide sequences of neutralization epitope regions present on the outer capsid proteins VP4 and VP7 (regions C and F) showed extensive conservation of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence in all strains. Minor variations were observed over the 12 year period in VP7 epitope regions A and B in some strains. Specific conserved amino acids differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic strains were observed in the genes encoding VP4 at aa133 and 303 (asparagine or threonine) and 380 (serine or isoleucine), VP7 at aa27 (threonine or isoleucine), aa29 (isoleucine or threonine), aa42 (valine or alanine) and aa238 (asparagine or aspartic acid/serine) and NSP4 at aa135 (isoleucine or valine). No amino acid changes were identified in gene 6. The observed amino acid differences occurred in proteins that have been implicated in virulence, and correlate with differences in clinical symptoms of infants infected with these strains. These results permit speculation about the genetic basis for virulence of human strains.The sequence data reported in this paper have been deposited in GenBank nucleotide sequence database under numbers U16299 and U42628. 相似文献
16.
Safaa Lamhoujeb Angela Cook Frank Pollari Sabah Bidawid Jeff Farber Kirsten Mattison 《Archives of virology》2010,155(7):1127-1137
Animal rotavirus (RoV) strains detected in Canadian swine and dairy cattle farms were characterized by sequence analysis of
viral protein 4 (VP4), VP6, VP7 and non-structural protein 4 segments from 15 RoV strains. Some porcine strains were found
to contain a mixture of segments typical of human and animal viruses. One strain represented a novel VP6 genotype “I14”, G2-P[27]-I14.
Other strains detected in porcine samples represented multiple different segment types. These results illustrate the active
evolution of animal RoV strains and underline the need for surveillance of both animal and human strains in public health-monitoring
programs. 相似文献
17.
This study reports the detection of a novel picornavirus in domesticated common quail (Coturnix coturnix) in Hungary. The 8159-nucleotide (nt)-long RNA genome of this virus, named quail picornavirus (QPV1-HUN/2010; JN674502),
shows only 43%, 39% and 47% amino acid (aa) identity in the P1 (857 aa), P2 (458 aa) and P3 (777 aa) coding regions respectively,
to the closest reference, avian sapelovirus. The 5′UTR contains a variant type IV IRES with a 20-nt-long apical “8”-like structure
that is conserved in avian-origin and seal picornaviruses. The 390-aa-long L protein is cysteine rich and encodes two copies
of a 34-aa-long repeat motif. Quail picornavirus represents a novel picornavirus species and perhaps a novel genus. 相似文献
18.
Zexin Tao Ning Cui Aiqiang Xu Haiyan Wang Lizhi Song Yan Li Guifang Liu Yao Liu Lei Feng 《Virus genes》2010,41(2):158-164
The genomic characterization of human enterovirus 97 (EV97) strain isolated from an acute flaccid paralysis case in Shandong
province, China in 1999, is described. The strain, designated as 99188/SD/CHN/1999/EV97 (abbreviated as 99188), had a genome
of 7394 nucleotides. Compared with other EV97 strains, it had 81.3–83.3% nucleotide similarity and 94.0–95.4% amino acid similarity
in VP1 coding region, and it had 81.4% complete genomic similarity with prototype strain BAN99-10355. The most striking feature
was the deletion of 18 nucleotides in the 3′ end of VP1 coding region, combined with two deletions and one insertion in 5′
and 3′ untranslated regions. All these findings demonstrated the strain 99188 had a distant genetic relationship with other
EV97 strains. In the phylogenetic trees generated from VP1 and 3D sequences of human enterovirus species B (HEV-B), the lineages
of strain 99188 were not congruent, suggesting the event of recombination. Similarity plot analysis further provided the evidence
of recombination with other strains of HEV-B in P2 and P3 coding region. This is the first finding of EV97 in China and the
third genomic sequence of EV97 reported. 相似文献
19.
J. L. Holmes C. D. Kirkwood G. Gerna J. D. Clemens M. R. Rao A. B. Naficy R. Abu-Elyazeed S. J. Savarino R. I. Glass J. R. Gentsch 《Archives of virology》1999,144(7):1381-1396
Summary. We report the first detection of P[14], G8 rotaviruses isolated in Egypt from the stool of children participating in a 3
year study of rotavirus epidemiology. Two strains, EGY1850 and EGY2295, were characterized by a serotyping enzyme immunoassay
(EIA), virus neutralization, and sequence analysis of the genes encoding VP7 and the VP8* portion of the VP4 gene. These two strains shared a high level of homology of their VP7s (87.8% nucleotide [nt], 97.2% amino
acid [aa]) and VP4s (89.6% nt, 97.1% aa) and had the highest VP7 identity to serotype G8 (>82% nt, >92% aa) and VP4 identity
to genotype P[14] (≥81% nt, >91% aa) strains. Serological results with a VP7 G8-specific and VP4 P[14]-specific neutralizing
monoclonal antibodies supported the genetic classification of EGY1850 and EGY2295 as P[14], G8. Genogroup analysis supports
earlier findings that human G8 rotaviruses may be genetically related to bovine rotaviruses. These findings demonstrate that
our understanding of the geographic distribution of rotavirus strains is incomplete, emphasize the need to monitor rota- virus
serotypes, and extend the known distribution of serotype G8 and genotype P[14] strains in Africa.
Received Nvember 3, 1998 Accepted February 14, 1999 相似文献
20.
Molecular characterization of G11P[25] and G3P[3] human rotavirus strains associated with asymptomatic infection in South India 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Banerjee I Iturriza-Gomara M Rajendran P Primrose B Ramani S Gray JJ Brown DW Kang G 《Journal of medical virology》2007,79(11):1768-1774
Rotaviruses are the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. Two unusual rotavirus strains not previously reported in India, G11P[25] (CRI 10795) and G3P[3] (CRI 33594) were isolated from faecal samples of asymptomatic children in India. The strains were characterized by sequence analysis of the genes encoding the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4. The G11P[25] strain was closely related to the human G11P[25] strains from Bangladesh (with 98% identity at the nucleotide [nt] level and the amino acid [aa] level for the VP7 gene and 96% identity at the nt and 98% at the aa level for the VP4 gene). The G3P[3] strain was found to be related to a G3P[3] strain isolated in Thailand (CMH222; 88% identity at the nt level and 97% at aa level for the VP7 gene and 84% identity at the nt level and 90% at the aa level for the VP4 gene). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP6 and the NSP4 genes revealed that the Vellore G11P[25] strain was of VP6 subgroup II and NSP4 genotype B. The G3P[3] strain was identified as NSP4 genotype C and the VP6 gene showed 97% identity at the deduced amino acid level with strain CMH222 (Thailand) strain but did not cluster with sequences of SGI, SGII, SGI+II or SG-nonI/nonII. Both strains had gene segments of animal rotavirus origin suggesting inter-species transmission of rotavirus, and in the case of G11P[25] possibly underwent reassortment subsequently with human strains resulting in an animal-human hybrid strain. 相似文献