高效液相色谱法测定消瘀康胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的建立消瘀康胶囊中芍药苷的高效液相色谱测定方法.方法采用YWG-C18(4.6mm×250mm,10μm)色谱柱;甲醇-水(22:78)为流动相;流速1.0mL/min;检测波长为230nm;温度30℃;进样量10μL.结果平均回收率为99.3%,RSD=1.01%方法重现性的RSD=1.42%(n=5).芍药苷线性范围为0.21～1.05μg(r=0.9999).结论本法操作简便,结果准确,可用于消瘀康胶囊的质量控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定祛风消白胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定祛风消白胶囊中芍药苷含量的方法.方法 采用Diamonsil C18(5μm,4.6×250mm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.02mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(25∶75),检测波长:230nm,流速为1.0mL·min-1;柱温35℃.结果 芍药苷进样量在0.058848μg～1.17696μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.99999),回收率为99.7%,RSD为0.14%(n=6).结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,可作为控制祛风消白胶囊中芍药苷含量的有效方法.     

HPLC法测定八味肉桂胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的建立八味肉桂胶囊中芍药苷的含量测定方法。方法色谱柱：kromasil C18柱;流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（15：85）;检测波长：230nm;流速：1.0mL.min-1。结果芍药苷线性范围为4.23～42.3μg.mL-1,相关系数r为0.9997,回收率为98.87%,RSD为1.09%。结论本方法简便、可靠、重现性较好,能起到控制八味肉桂胶囊中芍药苷含量的作用。     

HPLC法测定消乳癖颗粒中芍药苷的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定消乳癣颗粒中芍药苷的含量.方法:色谱柱;Kromasil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相:乙腈-水( 13∶87),检测波长:230 nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1.0 ml ·min-1.结果:芍药苷在0.228～2.280μg范围内线性关系良好,r =0.999 9,平均回收率为99.9％,RSD=1.87％(n=6).结论:该方法简便,结果准确,可用于消乳癖颗粒中芍药苷的含量测定.     

HPLC法测定明目地黄胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的:建立明目地黄胶囊中芍药苷的含量测定方法.方法:用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为乙睛-0.1%磷酸(16:84)以三乙胺调PH为3.0,检测波长为230nm.结果:该方法线性范围为9.8-78.4μg/ml,加样回收率为101.8%,RSD为1.78%.结论:该方法简便、快速,重现性好,能准确地对芍药苷进行含量测定.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定乳块消片中芍药苷的含量

目的建立测定乳块消片中芍药苷含量的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱:D iamonsiltm C18柱;检测波长:230 nm;流动相:甲醇-0.05 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾-醋酸-异丙醇(67∶173∶4∶4)。结果芍药苷在0.008 06~0.516 00 mg.mL-1范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为102.09%,RSD=1.62%(n=5)。结论该法操作简便、准确、专属性强,可作为乳块消片中芍药苷的含量测定方法。     

妇炎康复胶囊中芍药苷的HPLC测定

目的:建立妇炎康复胶囊中芍药苷的含量测定方法.方法:HPLC法,waterODSC18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相:甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(40∶65)为流动相;检测波长为230nm.结果:芍药苷线性范围为0.3～1.8μg,平均回收率99.4%,RSD为1.77%.结论:方法可靠,简单可行,为控制妇炎康复胶囊的内在质量提供了科学依据.     

高效液相色谱法测定胃康灵胶囊中芍药苷的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定胃康灵胶囊中芍药苷含量的方法.方法:色谱柱为KramasiL C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(15:85)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm,柱温为30℃.结果:芍药苷进样量在0.31～0.92 μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=1.000),方法的平均回收率为99.5%,RSD为2.35%.结论:高效液相色谱法简便、准确,重现性好,可作为胃康灵胶囊的含量测定方法.     

HPLC法测定乳癖消片中芍药苷含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定乳癖消片中芍药苷含量的方法。方法:采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱,乙腈-水(20:80)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长为230 nm。结果:芍药苷线性范围为4.0~16.0μg/mL,平均回收率为99.75%,RSD为1.07%。结论:该方法简便、可靠、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定固本益肠胶囊中芍药苷的含量

建立固本益肠胶囊中芍药苷含量测定方法,采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:迪马C18色谱柱,甲醇-乙腈-0.025 mol.L-1磷酸溶液(2∶13∶85)为流动相,检测波长为230 nm。芍药苷在0.05496~1.0992μg之间线性关系良好,r=0.9998,回收率为97.6%,RSD为1.4%。该方法操作简单,分离效果好,灵敏度高,可作为固本益肠胶囊的质量控制标准。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.