过伸复位结合经皮椎体成形术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折

目的 探讨过伸复位结合经皮椎体成形术（PVP）联合治疗新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 采用过伸复位结合PVP术治疗新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折27例（32椎）,对病人手术前1 d、术后3 d、术后1年的VAS值、病变椎体前缘高度、Cobb角作统计分析.结果 手术均取得成功,无死亡、肺栓塞、骨水泥渗漏等并发症.平均随访18个月（17个月至3年）,疼痛症状缓解,椎体高度、Cobb角改善.VAS评分、椎体前缘高度、Cobb角各项指标术后3 d和术后1年与术前比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,术后3 d与术后1年比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 过伸复位结合PVP术治疗老年新鲜骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折取得满意效果,为老年骨质疏松行压缩骨折的治疗提供一种新的选择.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎椎体成型术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨采用后路骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉内固定结合椎体成型术治疗胸腰椎骨折骨质疏松性爆裂性骨折(AO分型:A3/A4)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2012年5月~2015年4月13例经CT或MR证实为椎管后壁破裂伴有椎管狭窄的骨折疏松性骨折患者的病例资料.所有患者均接受骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉内固定结合PVP手术.记录患者术前、术后及末次随访(术后6个月以上)的疼痛视觉评分(VAS),Cobb角,椎体前缘、后缘高度.结果 4例患者椎体成形时出现骨水泥渗漏(2例前方渗漏,1例上方渗漏,1例向椎管内渗漏未引起症状),所有骨水泥强化螺钉植入椎体无骨水泥渗漏.术前、术后、末次随访时VAS评分、椎体前后缘高度、Cobb角较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),末次随访时较术后VAS评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对于胸腰椎爆裂性骨质疏松性骨折,经骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉内固定结合PVP是一种值得推荐的选择.     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术（PKP）治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2011年11月广东医学院附属南山医院收治的胸腰椎骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者96例共110个椎体,均采用经椎弓根单侧PKP或合并另外一侧椎体成形术（PVP）的方法进行治疗,并对其术后椎体前缘的高度恢复值、VAS和Oswestry评分的疼痛改善情况、骨水泥的渗漏方式及比率进行了分析。结果所有110个椎体均穿刺成功,所有96个患者手术效果均满意,椎体骨水泥分布比较理想,手术时间约20～40min／椎体,骨水泥注射量约5．4ml／椎体,术后VAS和Oswestry疼痛评分较术前均明显缓解（P〈0．01）,椎体前缘高度明显改善（P〈0．01）,手术的主要并发症是骨水泥渗漏,大部分渗漏发生在椎体前缘及前侧的静脉丛,总体发生率为56．3％。随访36个患者的40个椎体,1例有相邻椎体的骨折发生,1例患者治疗椎的前上缘（无骨水泥填充部位）发生了轻度的塌陷,但患者无不适。结论PKP或结合PVP是一种安全、方便、有效的治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的方法。     

垫枕自身复位配合经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床观察

目的：观察垫枕自身复位配合经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法：2014年10月至2016年1月,采用垫枕自身复位配合PVP治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折36例,患者入院时以伤椎为中心垫枕,卧床休息,逐日增加垫枕高度,5～7天后行伤椎经皮椎体成形术,比较入院时、术前、术后1 w、术后1月、术后6月伤椎前缘及中间椎体高度丢失率、后凸角（Cobb角）改变及患者疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）,观察术中骨水泥渗漏情况,随访邻近椎体骨折情况。结果：术后VAS评分明显降低（P＜0.01）;术前伤椎前缘及中间高度明显恢复（P＜0.01）,术后无明显再次丢失（P＞0.05）;术前Cobb角明显改善（P＜0.01）,术后无明显继发增大（P＞0.05）;术中骨水泥渗漏率为19.44％（7／36）,均无临床症状;术后邻近椎体骨折发生率13.89％（5／36）,其中2例有明确外伤史。结论：垫枕自身复位结合PVP能有效地恢复伤椎高度、矫正后凸畸形、缓解疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的一种有效、安全、经济的治疗方法。     

高黏度骨水泥在经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折中的应用

目的探讨高黏度骨水泥在经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)中的应用效果。方法应用德国Heraeus Medical Gmb H研发的OsteopaⅣ型高黏度骨水泥,行PVP治疗OVCF 57例(共78个椎体),采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行疼痛评分,采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)进行腰椎功能评分,记录骨水泥注射量、渗漏情况,比较患者术前、术后1 d、1、3个月及末次随访时的椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、VAS疼痛评分、腰椎ODI评分。结果与术前比较,术后1 d、1、3个月及末次随访时患者椎体前缘高度显著增加(P<0.05),后凸Cobb角显著减小(P<0.05),VAS疼痛评分及腰椎ODI评分显著降低(P<0.05)。术后1、3个月及末次随访时患者椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、VAS疼痛评分、腰椎ODI评分与术后1 d时比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。57例(78个椎体)患者骨水泥注射量为1.5~3.5 m L,平均(2.7±0.4)m L。20个椎体出现骨水泥渗漏,渗漏率为25.6%(20/78);其中椎旁静脉渗漏率为7.7%(6/78),椎间隙渗漏率为8.9%(7/78),椎旁软组织渗漏率为8.9%(7/78)。57例患者均未发生其他严重并发症。结论 PVP注射高黏度骨水泥治疗OVCF能快速缓解患者疼痛,有效恢复椎体高度,且骨水泥渗漏率低,无严重并发症,近期临床疗效良好。     

不同骨水泥注入量对椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的影响

目的研究不同骨水泥注入量对椎体成形术(PVP、PKP、囊袋)治疗胸腰椎椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折的影响。方法作者将自2015年6月至2016年7月采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)、经皮穿刺椎体后凸成形术(PKP)与经皮穿刺编织囊袋扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(OVCF)169例(253椎),其中男31例,女138例,年龄:50-97岁,平均:71.44岁,收集患者术前受伤原因(有无外伤),体重指数(BMI),骨折椎体,骨密度(腰椎T值),术中骨水泥注入量及术前、术中、术后1天影像学资料,对患者术前术后的VAS评分、椎体压缩率、椎体后凸角,术后骨水泥渗漏、病椎或相邻椎体再骨折进行对比分析。结论低剂量和高剂量的骨水泥注入均可以明显缓解病人的疼痛感,在椎体压缩率、后凸角的恢复、骨水泥渗漏及术后再骨折方面两者无明显差异,但注入低剂量骨水泥可减少骨水泥渗漏的几率,术后再骨折与病人BMI差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。     

PKP 与 PVP 在治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中的疗效对比

目的：比较经皮椎体成形术（ PVP）和经皮椎体后凸成形术（ PKP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法66例骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折患者随机分为2组,36例采用PVP术,30例采用PKP术治疗,观察比较2组治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分（ VAS）、椎体复位情况等。结果手术均顺利,每组术后VAS及ODI与术前比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）,同时间点组间比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。术后PKP组椎体压缩率和Cobb角较术前明显改善（ P＜0．05）,随访12个月以上,病椎高度恢复较理想,骨水泥少量渗漏10例（ PVP 8例,PKP 2例）。结论 PKP,PVP两种手术方法均在治疗疼痛方面效果明显,且PKP在减少骨水泥渗漏、恢复椎体高度、矫正后凸畸形方面明显要好于PVP。     

高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗老年患者骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的效果

目的：探讨采用高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗老年患者胸腰椎骨质疏松性骨折的可行性,并评价治疗效果。方法收集应用高黏度骨水泥后路经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折38例共计45个椎体,其中伴发胸腰椎侧弯畸形10例11个椎体。比较患者术前、术后3 d、术后3个月及术后1年的椎体前缘高度、椎体中线高度、椎体后缘高度、后凸Cobb角、ODI脊柱评分。并通过疼痛视觉模拟评分（ VAS）、骨水泥注射量、骨水泥充盈情况、骨水泥渗漏发生情况等指标来评估手术安全性和治疗效果。结果患者术前的椎体前缘高度、椎体中线高度、椎体后缘高度、后凸Cobb角、VAS疼痛评分、ODI脊柱评分与术后3 d、术后3个月及术后1年的差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。伴脊柱侧弯患者,骨水泥注射量、骨水泥充盈情况、骨水泥渗漏发生情况差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但手术时间延长,术中透视次数增多。结论采用高黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术治疗伴脊柱侧弯的老年患者的骨质疏松性骨折是安全、有效的,掌握正确的手术操作步骤和方法,可以达到理想的治疗效果。     

骨水泥微创注射治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折胸腰背的疼痛

目的 观察骨水泥微创注射治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折胸腰背的疼痛的临床疗效.方法 使用骨水泥作为充填材料,在C臂透视监视下,经皮单侧椎弓根穿刺行骨水泥微创注射术,治疗31例,共35个骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩性骨折椎体.比较术前术后的VAS评分及手术骨水泥渗漏发生率.结果 术前术后VAS评分比较有显著性差异,1例少量骨水泥渗漏入椎旁软组织,未引起严重并发症.结论 骨水泥微创注射可有效安全地缓解椎体骨质疏松性骨折引起的疼痛.     

经皮椎体成形和后凸成形治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折疗效对比分析

目的 分析经皮椎体成形和后凸成形治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折疗效。方法 资料选取本院2013年1月至2015年10月收治的96例老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者进行回顾性分析,根据治疗时不同术式分为行PVP治疗的对照组(42例),行PKP治疗的研究组(54例),比较两组手术前后伤椎高度、VAS评分变化及骨水泥渗漏情况。结果两组术后VAS评分与伤椎高度均较术前有效改善,但研究组伤椎高度比对照组低(P0.05);研究组骨水泥渗漏发生率比对照组低(P0.05)。结论 骨质疏松性椎体骨折老年患者行PVP与PKP治疗均具一定优势,前者有利于其椎体高度的恢复,后者则可减少骨水泥渗漏的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.