联合应用断流术和脾肾静脉分流术治疗门脉高压症

联合应用断流术和脾肾静脉分流术治疗门脉高压症宋念杨汉新门脉高压症的治疗一直存在着争论，作者联合应用断流术和脾肾静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症１４例，现报道如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料１９９０年３月～１９９５年１２月，为１４例肝炎后性肝硬化，门脉高压患者...     

脾肾静脉间置人造血管分流术七例报告

在脾肾分流术治疗门静脉高压症中 ,因游离脾静脉困难或脾静脉病变 ,往往得放弃传统的中央型脾肾静脉分流术。现报告脾肾静脉间置人造血管 (ＰＴＦＥ)分流术 7例的结果。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组 7例中男 4例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 48～6 1岁。均有食道静脉曲张破裂出血史。肝功能Ｃｈｉｌｄ分级 :Ａ级 5例、Ｂ级 2例 ,均为肝炎后肝硬化所致。2 .手术方式 :上腹正中切口进腹 ,测门静脉压力。切开脾胃韧带 ,于胰腺上缘缝扎脾动脉 ,分离结扎胃短动脉 ,钝性分离脾膈韧带 ,将脾脏托出切口外 ,常规切除脾脏。对左膈下脾窝仔细止血后 ,游离脾动脉之残端再…     

脾肾静脉间置人造血管治疗门静脉高压症

在脾肾静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症中,因游离脾静脉困难或脾静脉病变,往往只得舍弃传统的分流术。我们自1999年首创脾肾静脉间置聚四氟乙烯人造血管(PTFE)分流术治疗门静脉高压症。现赘述如下。一、手术方法气管内插管全麻,左肋缘下斜切口或者上腹部正中切口进腹,探查肝脏及腹内脏器。测门静脉压力。安置肝脏拉构。切开脾胃韧带,于胰腺上缘缝扎脾动脉,分离胃短血管,钝性分离脾膈韧带,将脾脏托出切口外,常规切除脾脏,再测门静脉压力。左膈下脾窝仔细止血后,游离脾动脉之残端再双重结扎。游离脾静脉10 mm长,用小号Satinsky钳阻断以备吻合用…     

肝前型门静脉高压症的诊治

目的探讨肝前型门静脉高压症的临床特点、诊断、治疗方法的选择及疗效。方法回顾性分析第二炮兵总医院及北京协和医院2000年1月至2009年5月期间收治的46例肝前型门静脉高压症（包括2例Abern-ethy畸形）患者的临床资料。全部患者均根据间接门静脉造影、CT血管造影和（或）彩超检查结果确诊为肝前型门静脉高压症。行肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流术23例;脾切除、脾静脉-肾静脉分流术8例;门静脉-下腔静脉分流术1例;附脐静脉-颈内静脉分流术2例;门奇静脉断流术3例;脾切除、门奇静脉断流术1例;乙状结肠暂时性造瘘,6个月后闭瘘1例;大部分小肠切除术1例;经股动脉插管溶栓4例;未行手术2例,仅给予护肝及对症治疗。结果44例患者随访2个月～5年,平均23.4个月,1例未手术者失访。34例行分流手术治疗的患者术后脾功能亢进症状消失,未再发生上消化道出血;行断流术者术后13个月及2年因再次出血行肠系膜上静脉-下腔静脉分流术2例;断流术后8个月因再次出血死亡1例;溶栓治疗后40d因肠坏死死亡1例,1例未手术的患儿出院4个月后再次出现黑便经保守治疗好转。结论肝前型门静脉高压症的治疗以降低门静脉压力为主,各种分流手术及肠系膜上动脉和（或）脾动脉置管溶栓安全有效,但需根据个体情况施行。     

脾腔分流术治疗小儿肝外型门脉高压症

脾肾静脉分流是治疗小儿肝外型门脉高压症的有效手段，但因肾静脉位置深、细小，增加了手术难度，影响疗效。报告我院近期采用脾腔静脉分流术式治疗３例，均为女性，年龄９￣１２岁，反复出血史６￣１０年。钡餐示重度食道静脉曲张，肝外病变由彩色超声检查证实。术中切除脾脏，测得脾静脉口径６￣９ｍｍ。将脾静脉与下腔静脉作端侧吻合，手术顺利。术后随访１２￣１８个月，２例一般情况良好，１例（脾静脉口径６ｍｍ）术后８个月时     

脐静脉桥式选择性分流术

目的　建立一种扩展远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术治疗门静脉高压症应用范围的手术方法。方法　在远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术的技术方法基础上 ,取中段脐静脉进行搭桥 ,构成脐静脉桥式远端脾腔分流术和脐静脉桥式冠腔分流术。结果　 4例肝炎后肝硬变门静脉高压症病人中 ,3例接受了脐静脉桥式远端脾腔分流术 ,1例接受了脐静脉桥式冠腔分流术。 4例术后食道静脉曲张均减轻 ,肝功能改善。随访无再出血 ,吻合口通畅。结论　脐静脉桥式选择性分流术能够克服远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术在部分病例解剖学方面的局限性 ,是一种扩展远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术应用范围的有效术式     

脐静脉桥式选择性分流术

目的建立一种扩展远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术治疗门静脉高压症应用范围的手术方法。方法在远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术的技术方法基础上，取中段脐静脉进行搭桥，构成脐静脉桥式远端脾腔分流术和脐静脉桥式冠腔分流术。结果4例肝炎后肝硬变门静脉高压症病人中，3例接受了脐静脉桥式远端脾腔分流术，1例接受了脐静脉桥式冠腔分流术。4例术后食道静脉曲张均减轻，肝功能改善。随访无再出血，吻合口通畅。结论脐静脉桥式选择性分流术能够克服远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术在部分病例解剖学方面的局限性，是一种扩展远端脾腔分流术和冠腔分流术应用范围的有效术式。     

脾大部切除脾肾静脉人造血管架桥术治疗门静脉高压症

目的：探讨一种新手术方法，即脾大部切除脾肾静脉人造血管架桥术治疗门静脉高压症的治疗效果。方法：脾大部切除后以人造血管行脾肾静脉架桥术9例。先行保留脾上段的脾大部切除术，再行脾肾静脉人造血管架桥，最后行贲门周围血管离断。结果：1例术后2天因肝功能衰竭、创面渗血不止死亡，其余无脾断面出血、感染。无近期出血。本组病例获随访1－3年，无复发出血，经血液学（IgG、IgM、IgA)、B超、CT、 ^99m锝扫描等证实：脾脏不同程度缩小，脾功能亢进缓解，残脾有免疫功能。Doppler彩色超声显像：人造血管血流通畅，无逆流现象。结论：该术式既可解决门静脉高压症脾功能亢进问题，又能起到降压效果。     

门静脉高压症脾切除术中脾静脉近端结扎预防门静脉血栓的疗效分析

目的 探讨门静脉高压症脾切除术中行脾静脉近端结扎对脾静脉源性门静脉血栓的预防效果.方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年7月宁夏回族自治区人民医院手术治疗的94例门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,其中36例行贲门周围血管离断术和脾切除联合经脾静脉冠肾静脉分流术的患者采取紧贴门静脉结扎脾静脉的方法,58例未行脾静脉结扎的贲...     

改良式脾肾静脉分流术临床应用

目的 探讨改良式脾肾静脉分流术治疗门静脉高压症的效果。方法 用腹主动脉前脾肾静脉端侧吻合术,（改良式脾肾静脉分流术）治疗门静脉高压症患者５２例。分别观察以前后门静脉压力变化及食道胃底静脉曲张情况,再出血、肝衰竭的发生率及吻合口的通畅情况。结果 分流后门静脉压力平均平下降１１ｃｍＨ２Ｏ,２８例（５３．８４％０患者食 底静脉曲张减轻,４例（７．６９％）患者发生再出血,６例（１１．５４％）发生肝功能衰竭     

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??Treatment of portal hypertension and hypersplenism by distant splenorenal venous shunt operation combined with partial splenectomy WANG Qing, DONG Rui, DU Xi-lin??et al. Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
Corresponding author: LU Jian-guo, E-mail:lujguo@fmmu.edu.cn
Abstract Objective To compare the effect of distant splenorenal venous shunt operation (Warren’s operation) with distant splenorenal venous shunt operation combined with partial splenectomy in treating portal hypertension and hypersplenism. Methods The clinical data of 22 cases of portal hypertension and hypersplenism treated by operation with complete follow-up data from 2010 at Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University were analyzed. Twenty-two cases included 8 cases performed distant splenorenal venous shunt operation named Warren group and 14 cases performed distant splenorenal venous shunt operation combined with partial splenectomy named Warren??partial splenectomy group. WBC and PLT counts on the 7th and 30th day after surgery and IgG,IgA and IgM on the 30th day after surgery between two group were compared. Results The recovery of WBC and PLT in Warren + partial splenectomy group was better than those in Warren group significantly (P<0.05). Pre and postoperative immunoglobulin test showed that there was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of distant splenorenal venous shunt operation combined with partial splenectomy for portal hypertension and hypersplenism is superior to simple distant splenorenal venous shunt operation. The former could both decrease portal pressure and cure hypersplenism with keeping the normal splenic physiological function. However, the proportion of spleen need to be operated on and the indication require individualization. The former need further investigation especially.     

远端脾肾分流术联合脾部分切除治疗门静脉高压症脾功能亢进疗效探讨

目的 对比研究远端脾肾分流术（Warren术）与远端脾肾分流术联合脾部分切除治疗门静脉高压症脾功能亢进的疗效。方法 选取第四军医大学唐都医院2010年以来22例获得完整随访资料的行外科手术治疗的门静脉高压症脾功能亢进病人,其中Warren术组（分流组）8例,Warren术+脾部分切除组（分流+切脾组）14例,比较观察两组术前、术后第7、30天的外周血象主要指标（白细胞、血小板）以及两组术前、术后第30天外周血免疫指标（IgG、 IgA 、IgM）。结果 Warren术+脾部分切除组病人术后白细胞及血小板恢复指标明显优于Warren术组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;外周血免疫球蛋白检测显示两组术后与术前比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 Warren术联合脾部分切除治疗门静脉高压症脾功能亢进疗效优于单纯Warren术。在有效降低门静脉压力前提下很大程度上解决脾功能亢进,又保留了脾脏正常免疫功能。但切除脾脏比例以及适应证等需根据病人制定个体化治疗方案,尤其在切除脾脏比例方面需要进一步研究验证。     

肝前性门脉高压症

目的 探讨肝前性门脉高压症的临床特点及治疗方法的选择。方法 ２例非肝硬化门脉纤维化,８例肝外门脉阻塞,隔膜切除１例,自体血管钎肠系膜上静脉→门静脉搭桥１例,肠腔分 ３例,脾切除脾脏脾肾分流５例。结果 １例死亡,９例治愈。结果 肝前生门脉高压症在临床表面方面有许多不同,分流术可作为基本手术,病变血管的矫正术更合理。     

Distal splenorenal shunt in children.

The distal splenorenal end-to-side anastomosis (Warren shunt) decompresses esophageal varices while maintaining high portal hypertension and avoiding reduction of portal venous blood inflow to the liver. The Warren shunt was performed in seven consecutive patients with portal hypertension, including post-necrotic cirrhosis, portal thrombosis, and schistosomiasis, all with recurrent esophageal bleeding. Five shunts remained patent and two thrombosed. There was no mortality. If long-term follow-up evaluations indicate its effectiveness in preventing esophageal hemorrhage, the distal selective splenorenal shunt would be the more physiologic and safer procedure in children with portal hypertension.     

H-type shunt with an autologous venous graft for treatment of portal hypertension in children

From 1981 to 1987, 86 children aged 16 months to 16 years underwent a portosystemic shunt procedure using an autologous venous graft (internal jugular vein in 80 cases). Fifty-five mesocaval, 20 splenorenal, 4 portacaval, and 7 makeshift shunts were constructed. The indication for shunting was an extrahepatic portal obstruction in 59 cases, intrahepatic portal obstruction in 23 cases (including 6 cases of congenital hepatic fibrosis), and Budd-Chiari syndrome in 4 cases. One patient of the latter group died early from intractable ascites with a nonfunctioning shunt, and a second child died 2 months after operation from unknown reasons with a patent shunt. With a follow-up over 1 year for 58 of the 84 survivors, 78 successes and 6 failures were recorded according to the clinical outcome and the findings of ultrasonic and endoscopic examinations. Three of the six children with a failed shunt have been submitted to a second successful H-type shunt operation. No case of encephalopathy was recorded in this series. Thus, with an approximate success rate of 95%, the H-type shunt with a venous graft should be recommended for treatment of portal hypertension of extrahepatic origin, especially in young children.     

门静脉高压症联合手术前后血流动力学变化的临床意义

目的探讨门静脉高压症患者在联合手术前后血流动力学变化的临床意义。方法回顾性分析45例脾切除、贲门周围血管离断加脾肾静脉分流(简称联合手术)患者术前、术中、术后血流动力学的变化及其对临床疗效的影响。结果本组无手术死亡。术后门静脉自由压从(37±8)cmH_2O降至(30±4)cmH_2O,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);门静脉入肝血流量从(1098±338)ml/min减至(995±293)ml/min,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);肠系膜上静脉血流量从(605±288)ml/min增至(735±293)ml/min,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。42例(93%)患者得到随访,平均随访时间2年6个月,再出血发生率为4%,其中1例死亡。门静脉高压性胃病得到明显缓解,肝性脑病发生率为4%,未发现脾静脉血栓形成,肝功能得到一定程度的改善。结论联合手术是治疗门静脉高压症较为理想的有效术式。     

脾肾分流加门奇断流联合术治疗门静脉高压症

对1978年4月至1996年5月施行脾肾分流加门奇断流联合治疗门静脉高压症的128例患者进行了回顾性研究。其中35例用彩色多普勒超声显像观察了手术前后门脉系血流动力学变化,10例采用数字减影血管造影检查,并就15例门奇断流术进行了对比分析。结果显示:联合术既保留了断流术的优点,同时又可适当降低门静脉的压力和血流量,改善门脉系高血流瘀血状态,且维持一定量的向肝血流。手术死亡车为3.9％,术后迫期无1例出血,远期出血率为8.1％,肝性脑病发生率为4.6％,5、10年及15年生存率分别为81.2％、69.1％和58.5％。作者认为该联合术是目前治行门静脉高压症的一种合理而可取的术式     

不同手术方式对门静脉高压症病人肝功能性血流量的影响

目的　探讨TIPS、断流术、断流加分流术对肝功能性血流量的影响。方法　本组肝硬化门静脉高压症病人 37例 ,行TIPS治疗 8例、断流术 10例、TIPS +门奇静脉断流术 10例、门奇断流+脾肾分流术 9例。采用超声多普勒、D 山梨醇 (SOD)清除率和直接门静脉测压检测手术前后肝总血流量、肝功能性血流量和门静脉压。结果　术前病人门静脉、肝动脉和肝总血流量显著增加 ,肝功能性血流量显著下降 ,ChildC级病人下降更为显著。TIPS、TIPS +断流术和断流 +脾肾分流术后门静脉压力和肝功能性血流量均明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。其中 ,TIPS术后肝功能性血流量下降显著大于TIPS +断流术和断流 +脾肾分流术。断流术病人门静脉压和肝功能性血流量无明显变化。结论　肝功能性血流是评估肝脏储备功能的重要指标 ,分流术在降低门静脉压力同时减少肝功能性血流量。     

限制性脾肾分流加断流联合治疗门脉高压症15例报告

目的 观察采用限制性脾肾静脉端侧分流,门奇断流联合手术,对门静脉高压症的治疗效果。方法 采用限制性脾肾分流,门奇断流治疗肝硬化门静脉高压症１５例。结果 除１例术后４８小时死亡外,其余１４例术后随访１年,见其临床止血效果,肝功能改善,肝性能脑病发生,均明显好转;结论１４例限制性脾肾静脉分流,门奇断流在近期降低门静脉压力,止血作用,减少肝性脑病发生率方面,疗效是肯定的。     

Portosystemic shunt for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract The efficacy of the portosystemic shunt operation for the treatment of portal vein thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation was demonstrated. From 1 July 1988 to 31 December 1991 42 portosystemic shunt operations were performed at our centre. In six of these cases portal vein thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) was the indication for the procedure. All the patients retained adequate liver function but they demonstrated manifestations of significant portal hypertension, mainly variceal rebleeding. Two of the patients were children. Three patients underwent distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS), one mesocaval and one side-to-ide splenorenal shunt and the last one side-to-ide splenorenal shunt which was converted to DSRS 2 weeks later. All these patients were doing well after 30 months mean follow-up time without rebleeding or other signs of portal hypertension and none had so far required retransplantation.