Mast cell profile in prostatic lesions

Mast cell profile in common prostatic lesions was analysed in this study. 17B consecutive prostatic biopsy specimens specimens were categorised broadly into nodular hyperplasia without prostatitis (101), nodular heperplasia with prostatitis (50, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (2) and adenocarcinoma (25). Toluidine blue stain (0.1%) was used to demonstrate the mast cells and their count was expressed per square millimeter. Mast cell count was significantly higher in the fibromuscular stroma when compared to the glandular areas in nodular hyperplasia (p < .05). The mast cell counts were very significantly lower in inflammatory lesions (p < 0.0001) probably due to degranulation. Absence or a low count was the most significant finding in adenocarcinoma irrespective of the grade of the tumour with concentration of mast cells around the tumour. This study shows the variations in mast cell distribution in commonly encountered prostatic lesions. There is paucity of such studies in the literature and the possible utility of mast cell count to differentiate malignant from benign and atypical conditions needs further evaluation.     

Glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

Two cases of glassy cell carcinoma which is considered to be a poorly differentiated mixed adenosquamous cell carcinoma in the uterine cervix are described. Its cytologic and histologic findings are distinctive. The tumor cells had moderately amount and ground-glass cytoplasms, and had large nuclei containing a prominent nucleoli.     

Inverted transitional cell papilloma of the uterine cervix

A rare case of inverted transitional cell papilloma of the uterine cervix in a 54-year-old woman is described. A polypoid nodule 8 mm in diameter showed histologic features similar to those of urinary tract inverted papilloma. It contained inverted anastomosing epithelial nests divided by scarce fibrovascular septa. The epithelial nests with peripheral palisading had uniform and oval nuclei with longitudinal grooves and swirling orientation. Significant atypia and mitotic activity were absent. Inside the nests there were foci of intraepithelial glandular metaplasia resembling glandular cystitis of the urinary bladder. MIB-1 index was 6%, and the distribution of MIB-1-positive nuclei was similar to that of immature metaplasia. A recurrence-free follow-up period of 16 months along with a low level of proliferation assessed by histology and immunohistochemistry suggests a benign nature of the lesion. A review of published transitional cell (urothelial) lesions of the female genital tract is added.     

Koilocytosis preceding squamous cell carcinoma in situ of uterine cervix

Association of koilocytic changes with cervical squamous cell carcinoma is well documented. The studies of such concurrent association may miss those cases of papillomavirus infection where cytomorphologic expression of virus has disappeared by the time carcinoma appears. The authors studied cytologic material before the diagnosis was made of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ in 25 patients. Twenty-two (88%) of the 25 patients showed koilocytosis compared with only 6 out of 57 (10.5%) in the control group. The findings of this study support a possible predisposing role of papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.     

Differential diagnostic features of small cell carcinoma in the uterine cervix

Small cell carcinoma (SMCC) of the uterine cervix is rare and known to be an aggressive tumor, but there are only few reports on the cytologic features of cervical SMCC. This rare small cell lesion should be distinguished from malignant lymphoma (ML), squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS), and chronic lymphocytic cervicitis (CLC). By clarifying cytologic features and reevaluating the significance of cervical cytologic smears to reveal these cervical lesions, we can improve the diagnostic specificity and patient's outcome. The clinical record and available cervical smears from 13 cases of SMCC, four cases of malignant lymphoma, 20 cases of SCIS, and five cases of CLC were analyzed. The cytologic differential diagnostic points of SMCC were nuclear molding and smearing (100%), salt and pepper chromatin (100%), exudative and necrotic background (91.7%), various architectures including individual cells (83.3%), tight clusters (75%) and feathering and strip (50%), and inconspicuous nucleoli (75%). Early diagnosis of the cervical SMCC by cytology and treatment is important for better outcome of patients.     

Human papillomavirus genomes in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix

The association between invasive cervical carcinoma and human papillomavirus (HPV) has now been established beyond doubt, but this is not necessarily a direct-and-effect association. To assess the causality of HPV, we analyzed HPV genomes in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) [corrected] of the uterine cervix by both blot hybridization and PCR. Genital HPV sequences were found in 231 (79%) of 294 SCCs by blot hybridization with more than five copies of entire HPV genomes identified in some cases including HPV 16 (92 cases), HPV 58 (32 cases), and HPV 52 (24 cases). By PCR-direct sequence analysis in 250 of 294 SCCs, genital HPV sequences were found in 240 samples (96%). The partial L1 sequences of HPV 16 were identified in 123 cases, and those of HPVs 18 and 31 were found in 24 and 20 cases, respectively. In addition, multiple HPV types were identified in 29 (12%) of 250 SCCs, and the HPV copy number, detected by PCR only, was less than 0.05. Marked discrepancies were therefore evident between the two analytical techniques. In this report, we discuss the causality of HPV for SCC with regard to the length of the viral genome, the amount of viral DNA, and multiple HPVs in single SCCs.     

BIRC2 amplification in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix

Oncogene amplification is a key step in cell transformation towards malignancy. Chromosomal aberrations involving the long arm of chromosome 11, including amplifications at 11q13 and 11q22, have been previously reported in cervical cancer. While the role of the CCND1 gene as the driver gene for 11q13 amplification is well established in different tumor types, the significance of the 11q22 amplicon is less clear. The 11q22 amplicon corresponds to several putative target genes including the apoptose inhibitor BIRC2, recently detected as amplified in cervical cancer cell lines. To better understand the distribution and frequency of 11q amplification sites in uterine cervical carcinomas, we analyzed BIRC2 and CCND1 copy number changes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in a tissue microarray containing 238 cervical cancers. High-level amplification of BIRC2 was found in 12.9?% of tumors. Amplification of BIRC2 in cervical carcinomas was homogeneous as shown in corresponding whole tissue sections of amplified tumors at the tissue microarray. BIRC2 amplification was significantly more frequent than CCND1 amplification (2.1?%) in our cohort (p?相似文献   

Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix subsequent to amebiasis

We studied the development of a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix five years after cervical infection with Entamoeba histolytica by documenting the findings of specimens obtained by repeated biopsies in a 69-year-old woman. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant neoplasm of the uterine cervix subsequent to amebiasis. Amebiasis superimposed on malignant neoplasms of the female genital tract has been reported before. We raise the question of a possible causal relationship between amebiasis and subsequent squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix.     

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ involving mesonephric remnants of the uterine cervix

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) involving mesonephric remnants of the uterine cervix is a very rare lesion, the existence of which is still controversial. A second case of this lesion is reported. It was found in a cone biopsy specimen from an 40-year-old patient. Besides, in surface epithelium and within cervical glands, a structure of CIS was seen in conjunction with mesonephric tubules in deeper cervical stroma. The mesonephric nature of these tubules and of tubule-appearing epithelium within islands of CIS was supported by immunohistochemical positivity for CD10 and vimentin. The lesion strongly simulated invasive carcinomas, such as adenosquamous carcinoma and adenoid basal carcinoma (epithelioma) of the cervix.     

Dermal adnexal differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

The first case of a keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix with differentiation toward dermal adnexal structures is reported. A review of skin-associated structures in the non-neoplastic uterine cervix is given and the histogenesis discussed. Recent literature dealing with extracutaneous neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation is cited.     

Prostatic-type tissue in the uterine cervix

The female genital tract can give rise to a variety of metaplastic and ectopic tissue types. We report a case of incidental prostatic-type tissue in a loop excision specimen for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). We also review the histogenesis, potential pitfalls and immunohistochemistry of this diagnosis.     

Mixed papillary adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix

A mixed papillary adenocarcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma (MAcTcc) was discovered in the uterine cervix of a 38-year-old woman. A condylomatous papillary lesion was found in the uterine cervix during a colposcopic study and histopathological examination showed that the tumor was composed of two different neoplastic subtypes. One was an adenocarcinoma (AC) component showing papillary and tubular structure with endocervical and intestinal differentiation; the other was a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) component showing papillary excrescence mimicking papillary TCC of urothelial origin. To characterize the tumor, an immunohistochemical study of cytokeratins (CK) was performed. The AC component showed immunoreactivities similar to conventional adenocarcinomas: positive immunoreactivity of low-molecular-weight cytokeratins 7, 8 and 19, and negative immunoreactivity of CK20 and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (34βE12). The lower epithelial layer of the TCC component showed different immunoreactivity, but the superficial epithelial layer had similar immunohistochemical findings to the AC component. These findings indicate that the TCC component had the cellular character of AC rather than that of TCC or squamous cell carcinomas. This is thought to be the first report of a MAcTcc of the uterine cervix.     

宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌中人乳头瘤病毒的研究

目的探讨宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌中高危型人乳头瘤病毒（humanpapillomavirus,HPV）感染情况。方法提取1例33岁宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌患者手术切除组织癌变区域蜡块中的DNA,通过巢式PCR方法检测其中HPV感染情况。结果该患者肿瘤切除组织高危型HPV18型阳性。结论利用巢式PCR方法分型检测宫颈小细胞神经内分泌癌中的高危型HPV型别,其准确性及敏感性均较高。     

Mesonephroma of the uterine cervix

Summary The fine structure of the so-called mesonephroma of the uterine cervix was compared with that of endocervical adenocarcinoma.Mesonephroma tubules have a peculiar type of basement membrane composed of numerous stratified basal laminae. The lining of the tubules shows a sinuous outline of the lumen between individual cells of the epithelium. In contrast, the tubules of endocervical adenocarcinoma have a double-layered basement membrane and their outlines are regular.The outlines of the neoplastic tubules and the structure of the basement membranes are the main ultrastructural features distinguishing these two varieties of cervical tumour.     

Detrusor and uterine cervix electromyography

Electromyographic studies of various smooth muscle organs have been made by different workers to define the normal physiology and to try to elucidate the nature of some pathological conditions. High-frequency low-voltage activity has been recorded previously from both the uterus and the bladder. Low-frequency high-voltage activity recorded from the bladder and from the gastrointestinal tract has been shown to correlate with different pathological disorders. The paper describes the low-frequency high-voltage electromyographic activity, previously unreported, which can be recorded from the cervix uteri, and discusses the means of computer frequency analysis in the quantisation of such signals.