三种下颈椎经关节螺钉植入方法的比较研究

目的：比较3种下颈椎经关节螺钉植入方法的优缺点,为选择下颈椎经关节螺钉的植入方法提供可靠的基础资料。方法：选用新鲜颈椎标本（C1-T1）24具（男14具,女10具）,年龄55～80岁,平均68岁。采用抽签随机对照研究方法,在每一颈椎标本两侧用不同的植入方法植入下颈椎经关节螺钉。根据进钉点及进钉方向的不同,采用Takayasu法（A组）、Dalcanto法（B组）、Klekamp法（C组）作为下颈椎经关节螺钉的植入方法。Takayasu法选用侧块中线上中1/3交界处作为进钉点,螺钉向前侧、尾侧倾斜,与侧块冠状面呈60°～80°,平行于矢状面作为进钉方向;Dal-canto法采用进钉点在侧块中点下方2mm,方向向尾侧倾斜40°,向外侧倾斜20°;Klekamp则将侧块中点内下方1mm为进钉点,方向向尾侧倾斜40°,向外侧倾斜20°。对A、B、C组分别统计植入时关节突关节劈裂、植入后椎动脉侵犯、神经根前后支损伤和螺钉通过关节突关节的情况。结果：24具颈椎标本共48侧,植入下颈椎经关节突螺钉192枚,其中A、B、C组各64枚。A组未见下关节突劈裂;B组见下关节突下缘劈裂17例,外缘劈裂8例;C组下关节突下缘劈裂1例,外缘劈裂1例。3组均未见上关节突劈裂。3组螺钉植入时关节突关节劈裂情况比较,B组下关节突劈裂最多,与其他2组差异有统计学意义（χ2AB=31.07,P〈0.01;χ2BC=24.83,P〈0.01）。C组2例下关节突劈裂,与A组比较差异无统计学意义（χ2AC=2.03,P〉0.05）。A组36枚螺钉侵犯椎动脉,B、C组均未见椎动脉侵犯。3组螺钉植入后椎动脉受累情况,A组高于其他2组（χ2AB=50.09,P〈0.01;χ2AC=50.09,P〈0.01）。神经根前支损伤A组40例,B组5例,C组3例;神经根后支损伤A组16例,B组18例;C组14例。3组间颈神经根前支受累比较,A组高于其他2组（χ2AB=41.98,P〈0.01;χ2AC=47.94,P〈0.01）,而B、C组差异无统计学意义。颈神经根后支受累比较,3组间差异无统计学意义（χ2AB=0.16,P〉0.05;χ2AC=0.17,P〉0.05;χ2BC=0.67,P〉0.05）。A组5例未经过关节突关节,B、C2组均经过关节突关节,3组间差异无统计学意义（χ2AB=3.33,P〉0.05;χ2AC=3.33,P〉0.05）。结论：Takayasu法在螺钉植入过长时易引起神经根和椎动脉损伤,而Dalcanto法在植入螺钉时易引起下关节突的劈裂。相比较而言,Klekamp法临床上更值得推崇。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉固定的生物力学研究

目的比较下颈椎经关节螺钉3层皮质和4层皮质固定的生物力学拔出力的区别。方法10具新鲜尸体颈椎标本（C3-T1），游离成3个颈椎运动节段（C3～C4、C5～C6、C7～T1），在椎体两侧随机进行经关节螺钉3层皮质和4层皮质固定，置入直径为3．5mm的皮质骨螺钉。置入经关节螺钉行拔出力试验，比较经关节螺钉2种固定方式的最大轴向拔出力。结果下颈椎经关节螺钉4层皮质固定的平均拔出力为430N，而3层皮质固定的平均拔出力为412N，但两者间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经关节螺钉两种固定方式在颈椎各节段间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论下颈椎后路经关节螺钉3层皮质固定的力学性能与4层皮质固定差异并不明显。经关节螺钉3层皮质固定可能在减少和避免置钉相关的神经血管损伤并发症方面有着重要的临床意义。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉钢板固定的生物力学研究

目的:研究下颈椎单独经关节螺钉固定与经关节螺钉钢板固定的三维稳定性之间的差异。方法:12具新鲜人体颈椎标本,制成C4,5、C5,6节段三柱损伤模型。随机选取6具标本在C4,5、C5,6行单独经关节螺钉固定,另6具标本在C4,5、C5,6行经关节螺钉钢板固定。在非限制性和非破坏性的试验条件下测试它们在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和轴向旋转运动状态的稳定性,分别测试标本损伤模型制作前完整标本组(A组)、单独经关节螺钉固定组(B组)和螺钉钢板组(C组)3组数据。结果:单独经关节螺钉固定组和经关节螺钉钢板固定组在各方向的运动范围(ROM)和中性区(NZ)的均数均小于完整标本组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。经关节螺钉钢板固定在前屈运动中的ROM和NZ与单独经关节螺钉固定比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);在后伸、左右侧弯和轴向旋转运动中,经关节螺钉钢板固定的稳定性优于单独经关节螺钉固定,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:下颈椎经关节螺钉钢板固定的稳定性优于单独经关节螺钉固定,在使用下颈椎经关节螺钉时,相对于单独螺钉固定,建议以螺钉钢板形式固定。     

颈椎经关节椎弓根螺钉固定与标准椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学比较

目的 比较颈椎经关节椎弓根螺钉固定和标准椎弓根螺钉固定的拔出强度.方法 取10具新鲜尸体颈椎标本(C_3～T_1),游离成三个颈椎运动节段(C_(3,4),C_(5,6),C_7T_1).在椎体两侧随机进行经关节椎弓根螺钉固定或标准椎弓根螺钉固定,置入直径3.5 mm皮质骨螺钉.经关节椎弓根螺钉固定以上位椎骨侧块外下象限中点为进钉点,在直视椎弓根下,螺钉在冠状面内倾约45°、矢状面尾倾约50°.由上位椎骨下关节突经关节突关节、下位椎骨的椎弓根,进入下位椎骨的椎体内.标准椎弓根螺钉固定以侧块外上象限中点为进钉点,在直视椎弓根下,螺钉方向参考CT测量结果 ,尽量与椎弓根倾斜角度保持一致,在横断面上内倾约45°、矢状面上螺钉指向椎体的上1/3.在生物力学试验机上行拔出强度试验,比较两种螺钉固定的最大轴向拔出力.结果 颈椎经关节椎弓根螺钉固定平均最大轴向拨出力为(694±42)N,标准椎弓根螺钉固定为(670±36)N,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 颈椎后路经关节椎弓根螺钉固定的拔出强度大干标准椎弓根螺钉固定,从生物力学强度方面考虑经关节椎弓根螺钉固定可以作为标准椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充方法.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

目的 探讨在下颈椎经颈后正中入路应用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉行内固定治疗的固定效果.方法 2003年2月至2007年10月,对22例患者通过后路应用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉行内固定治疗,男14例,女8例;年龄24～73岁,平均43岁.其中下颈椎创伤性骨折脱位13例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症4例,颈椎管狭窄伴Ⅱ型齿突骨折1例,颈椎间盘突出伴椎管狭窄4例.结果 共置入经关节螺钉45枚,其中C4,5 2枚,C5,639枚,C6,74枚;共置入侧块螺钉12枚,C3、C4各6枚;共置入椎弓根螺钉41枚,其中C24枚,C32枚,C46枚,C721枚,T18枚.术中所有螺钉均成功置入,未出现椎动脉、神经根和脊髓损伤等置钉相关并发症.22例患者均获随访,随访时间10个月～3年8个月,平均17个月.植骨融合时间3～5个月,平均3.5个月.术后发现1例患者的2枚经关节螺钉松动,部分脱出.经加强颈托制动,术后4个月获得融合.结论 通过后路固定下颈椎时,采用经关节螺钉联合侧块螺钉或椎弓根螺钉固定,均可取得较好的固定效果.     

颈椎经关节椎弓根螺钉固定与标准椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学比较

Objective To compare biomechanical pullout strength of cervical transfacet pedicle screws to that of standard pedicle screws. Methods Ten fresh human cadaveric cervical spines were harvested. On one side, transfacet pedicle screws were placed at the C3,4, C5,6, and C7T1 levels. On the other side, pedicle screws were, placed at the C3, C5, and C7 levels. The screw insertion technique at each level was randomized for right or left. The starting point for the transfacet pedicle screw insertion was about located at the midpoint of the inferolateral quadrant of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was about 50° caudally in the sagittal plane and about 45° medially in the axial plane. Screws were placed across the facet joint and the pedicle into the body of the caudal vertebra. The entry points for pedicle screw was located at the midpoint of the superolateral quadrant of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was about 45° toward the midline in the transverse plane and toward the upper third of the vertebral body in the sagittal plane. The pedicle screws were oriented along the axis of the pedicle in an effort to avoid violations of the cortical wall. All the screw insertions were based on direct observation and the CT scan on the pedicles. After screw placement, axial pullout testing was performed. Results The mean pullout strength for the transfacet pedicle screws was (694±42) N. This compares with (670±36) N for the pedicle screws (P< 0.05). The greatest difference at a single level in pullout strength was observed at the C5,6 level, with a mean difference of 38 N. Conclusion Transfacet pedicle screws exhibited statistically greater pullout strength to pedicle screws. At each level the transfacet pedicle screws exhibited greater pullout strength than the pedicle screws. Posterior transarticular pedicle screw fixation in the cervical spine affords an alternative to standard screw placement for plate fixation and cervical stabilization.     

下颈椎后路经关节螺钉内固定的解剖学研究

目的明确下颈椎后路经关节螺钉固定的技术参数，为临床应用提供参考。方法取20具（男14具、女6具）尸体颈椎标本，仔细解剖颈部的后侧和侧前方，以清晰地暴露颈椎侧块，保护好脊神经前、后支（C2-7）及其与周围结构的关系。确定安全的进、出钉点，从C2.3-C5.6直视下置人经关节螺钉。通过CT重建，测量经关节固定螺钉的角度、长度、螺钉尖与椎动脉的距离，并确定经关节螺钉矢状面的安全进钉角度（sagittal safety angle，SSA）。结果经关节固定螺钉方向在矢状面呈尾倾，冠状面呈外倾，各固定节段间略有不同，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。下颈椎后路经关节螺钉固定的理想角度为在矢状面尾倾平均37.3^o±5．0^o，在冠状面外倾平均16．6^o±4．6^o。经关节螺钉钉道长度平均为（18．7±1.4）mm，在C2.3，水平螺钉钉道长度与C3.4C4.5C5.6比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。后路经关节螺钉矢状面安全进钉角度为41．9^o±5．6^o，螺钉钉尖与椎动脉的距离平均为（5．8＋1．5）mm，各固定节段间略有不同，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论下颈椎后路经关节螺钉置钉时要求一定的准确性，可以作为颈椎侧块螺钉和椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充内固定方法。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

下颈椎经关节螺钉联合侧块或椎弓根螺钉固定的效果

Objective To discuss the effect of transarticular screws combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws through posterior approach in the lower cervical spine. Methods From February 2003 to October 2007, 22 patients were treated using transarticular screws internal fixation combined with lateral mass screws or pedicle screws in Axis plating system and Vertex system. There were cervical fracture and dislocation in 13 patients, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in 4, cervical canal stenosis associated with dentoid process fracture in 1, and cervical disc herniation associated with cervical stenosis in 4 patients. Lamina or facet bone grafting were used to achieve a long-term stability, with decompression and anterior approach or not. The starting point for screw insertion was located 1 mm medial to the midpoint of the lateral mass and the direction of the screw was 40° caudally in the sagittal plane and 20° laterally in the axial plane. Results All screws insertion was successful. A total of 45 transarticular screws were inserted, with 2 in C4,5, 39 in C5,6 and 4 in C6,7. A total of 12 lateral mass screws were inserted, with 6 in C3 and 6 in C4. A total of 41 pedicle screws were inserted, with 4 in C2, 2 in C3 and 6 in C4, 21 in C7 and 8 in T1. There was no complication related to screw insertion, such as injury to the vertebral artery, nerve roots or spine cord. The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 3 years and 8 months (mean 17 months). All cases got bone fusion. Only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all pa-tients. In the follow-up period, only one instance of screw partial backout was identified, but fusion was achieved in all patients. Conclusion The combined use of transarticular screws and lateral mass screws or pedicle screws fixation in the lower cervical spine can enlarge the advantages of strong stability,relatively simple, and reduce operating risk when performed appropriately.     

局麻下经后路切开复位联合前路融合内固定治疗下颈椎关节突交锁

目的探讨有效治疗下颈椎关节突交锁的方法。方法2000年7月～2009年3月,对78例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁的患者采用局麻下经后路切开复位,线缆固定;Ⅰ期全麻下行经前路椎间盘切除,钛板内固定治疗。结果所有患者都获得复位,无神经系统损伤并发症发生,术后平均随访时间为18个月（3～24个月）。术后患者神经功能有不同程度恢复,按ASIA分级,其中21例A级有4例恢复为B级,14例患者神经根功能障碍有1个节段下降;17例B级有16例恢复为C级;22例C级中有10例恢复为D级,12例恢复为E级;11例D级有8例恢复为E级。所有随访至1.5年的69例患者植骨融合且无内固定失败。结论局麻下经后路切开复位联合前路融合内固定治疗下颈椎关节突交锁是一种安全、有效、易于实施的方法。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉固定“两点法”置钉的解剖学研究

【摘要】 目的 通过解剖学研究,获得下颈椎经关节螺钉的安全置钉方法。 方法 取18具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后方和前侧方,以清楚地暴露颈椎侧块,保护好脊神经前、后支（C2~8）及与周围结构的关系。确定安全进、出钉：以侧块背面中心点内侧1 mm为进钉点;下位椎体上关节突的侧前方,横突与关节突相交处为出钉点。从C2/C3~C5/C6直视下通过以上2点置入克氏针,通过正侧位X线片测量克氏针在矢状面上的尾倾角、在冠状面上的外倾角及进钉深度,以确定经关节螺钉固定的进钉角度和螺钉长度,并测量经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前、后支和椎动脉的距离。 结果 实验中所有克氏针均成功置入。经关节螺钉的外倾角度为16.5°±5.1°,尾倾角度为36.6°±5.1°,钉道长度为19.0 mm±1.2 mm。经关节螺钉的外倾角度和尾倾角度在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但钉道长度在C2/C3与C3/C4 /C5 /C6 间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前支距离为18.2 mm±2.3 mm,与后支距离为7.3 mm±1.4 mm,与椎动脉距离为5.8 mm±1.5 mm,在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 使用下颈椎经关节螺钉固定技术时建议以侧块背侧中心点内侧1 mm为进钉点,在矢状面上尾倾35°~40°,在冠状面上外倾15°~20°,尽量将螺钉从下位椎体上关节突的侧前方、横突后嵴与关节突连接处出钉。     

下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术在临床中的应用

目的 :探讨下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定技术的临床应用。方法 :对2011年9月至2013年7月行下颈椎椎弓根螺钉内固定的32例患者进行回顾性分析,男20例,女12例;年龄21~78岁,平均56.4岁。其中10例为创伤性颈髓损伤,9例为颈椎管内肿瘤,7例颈椎后纵韧带骨化症,6例多节段颈椎病。所有患者术前行X线、CT、MRI及椎动脉MRA等影像学检查,术后及随访时行X线片及CT平扫明确螺钉的位置情况。根据Lee等4级分类法评价置钉的准确性,创伤性患者行ASIA分级评价脊髓功能变化,非创伤性患者采用JOA评分评价神经功能改善情况。结果:32例患者成功置入144枚下颈椎椎弓根螺钉,术后CT显示,0级132枚,1级5枚,2级5枚,3级2枚。有12枚螺钉穿破椎弓根,其中8枚螺钉穿破椎弓根外侧皮质,2枚螺钉穿破椎弓根下侧皮质,穿破椎弓根内侧、上侧皮质螺钉各1枚。术后随访12~33个月,平均(21.0±1.5)个月,6例完全性颈髓损伤患者术后神经功能虽无恢复,但截瘫平面下降1~3个脊髓节段。4例不完全性颈髓损伤患者术后按ASIA损伤分级提高1~2级。22例非创伤性患者术后6个月JOA评分平均(15.9±0.6)分,较术前(11.5±0.8)分明显提高(P<0.01)。所有患者未发现钉棒系统松动、断裂情况。结论:下颈椎椎弓根螺钉固定能提供优秀的三维稳定性。合理选择适应证,术前充分准备以及根据椎弓根形态个体化置钉可以最大限度的降低手术风险及手术并发症,值得临床应用推广。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉固定“两点法”置钉的解剖学研究

目的通过解剖学研究,获得下颈椎经关节螺钉的安全置钉方法。方法取18具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后方和前侧方,以清楚地暴露颈椎侧块,保护好脊神经前、后支（C2～8）及与周围结构的关系。确定安全进、出钉：以侧块背面中心点内侧1mm为进钉点;下位椎体上关节突的侧前方,横突与关节突相交处为出钉点。从C2/C3～C5/C6直视下通过以上2点置入克氏针,通过正侧位X线片测量克氏针在矢状面上的尾倾角、在冠状面上的外倾角及进钉深度,以确定经关节螺钉固定的进钉角度和螺钉长度,并测量经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前、后支和椎动脉的距离。结果实验中所有克氏针均成功置入。经关节螺钉的外倾角度为16.5°±5.1°,尾倾角度为36.6°±5.1°,钉道长度为19.0mm±1.2mm。经关节螺钉的外倾角度和尾倾角度在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但钉道长度在C2/C3与C3/C4/C5/C6间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前支距离为18.2mm±2.3mm,与后支距离为7.3mm±1.4mm,与椎动脉距离为5.8mm±1.5mm,在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论使用下颈椎经关节螺钉固定技术时建议以侧块背侧中心点内侧1mm为进钉点,在矢状面上尾倾35°～40°,在冠状面上外倾15°～20°,尽量将螺钉从下位椎体上关节突的侧前方、横突后嵴与关节突连接处出钉。     

关节螺钉固定技术在下颈椎不稳中的应用

目的探讨经关节螺钉固定技术在下颈椎不稳中的临床应用效果.方法2003年2月至2006年3月共收治下颈椎不稳患者28例,均采用后路经关节螺钉固定,运用Klekamp技术,以侧块中心点内侧1mm为进钉点,进钉角度在矢状面上尾倾40°,在冠状面上外倾20°,行四层皮质固定.其中经关节螺钉作为锚钉结合颈椎后路内固定系统使用21例,单独应用经关节螺钉固定7例,其中联合前路手术13例,均行植骨融合术.结果共置人86枚经关节螺钉,术中所有螺钉均成功置入,未出现椎动脉和神经根损伤等螺钉置入相关的并发症.术后随访5个月-3年,平均17个月.1例患者的1枚螺钉术后1个月出现松动,经加强外同定3个月后植骨融合.其余患者无内固定并发症发生,均获得植骨融合.结论下颈椎经关节螺钉固定具有适应范围广、操作简单、相对安全、固定可靠及经济等优点,值得更广泛使用.     

下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉内固定解剖学测量及临床应用

 目的 通过解剖学测量和临床应用, 探讨下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉置入的可行性、安全性 及其临床疗效。方法 对 20具成人颈椎标本通过 CT扫描后进行数据测量, 内容包括: 椎体高度、椎体 前后径、椎体宽度、椎弓根横径、椎弓根高度、螺钉长度、横切面角度、矢状面角度、横切面进针点距离、 矢状面进针点距离, 确定进针点, 并进行尸体标本置钉。根据测量数据和术前影像学检查对 5例颈椎骨 折脱位患者行下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉固定植骨融合术, 术后观察复位及螺钉位置情况及短期随访结 果。结果 横切面角度从 Cxiaobiaokaishi3xiaobiaojieshu(45.7°±4.0°)至 Cxiaobiaokaishi5xiaobiaojieshu(52.1°±5.9°)逐渐增大, 至 Cxiaobiaokaishi6xiaobiaojieshu(47.8°±6.7°)、Cxiaobiaokaishi7xiaobiaojieshu(44.4°±8.3°)又 有所减小。矢状面角度从 Cxiaobiaokaishi3xiaobiaojieshu(93.4°±7.2°)至 Cxiaobiaokaishi6xiaobiaojieshu(112.1°±6.2°)逐渐增大, 至 Cxiaobiaokaishi7xiaobiaojieshu(102.7°±8.5°)又有所减小。横 切面进针点 Cxiaobiaokaishi3xiaobiaojieshu~Cxiaobiaokaishi5xiaobiaojieshu位于椎弓根对侧, Cxiaobiaokaishi6xiaobiaojieshu~Cxiaobiaokaishi7xiaobiaojieshu位于椎弓根同侧;矢状面进针点距离 3.4~7.5 mm。 5例患者术 中减压彻底, 螺钉均位于椎弓根钉道内, 日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores, JOA)均有不同程度地提高。结论 下颈椎前路椎弓根螺钉的理想进针点位于距上终板 5 mm左右, 椎 体前正中线附近。横切面角度约为 45.7°~52.1°, 矢状面角度约为 93.4°~112.1°。螺钉长度约为 32 mm。     

下颈椎经关节螺钉导向配套器械的设计与运用

目的：设计并运用下颈椎经关节螺钉导向配套器械,为临床提供帮助。方法：设计生产下颈椎经关节螺钉导向配套装置,运用2具带有头颅的颈椎标本检验,并应用于17例临床患者,植入下颈椎经关节螺钉68枚。结果：应用下颈椎经关节螺钉导向配套装置植入下颈椎经关节螺钉顺利,解剖后发现螺钉位置好,无关节突劈裂等,患者植入后经3-12个月随访,无神经受累症状,未发现螺钉松动。结论：运用下颈椎经关节螺钉导向配套器械植入下颈椎经关节螺钉,方便实用,有临床推广价值。