经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术（附41例分析）

本文报道应用国产球囊对４１例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄患者，进行了经皮穿刺二尖瓣球囊成形术。经治疗后心功能显著改善，二尖瓣听诊区舒张期杂音消失，瓣口面积平均增加１．２ｃｍ￣２，左房压平均下降１．８５ｋＰａ，左方内径平均缩小２．２ｃｍ，结果满意，术中合并脑栓塞１例，二尖瓣返流加重２例。作者对其并发症及病例选择进行了讨论。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣并三尖瓣成形术及远期疗效观察

目的：对风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并三尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮球囊成形术,观察其远期疗效。方法：对8例患者行经皮球囊二尖瓣并三尖瓣成形术并长期随访。结果：8例患者术后进行长达6.2±3.9(2.0～10.5)年的随访,患者术后即刻及远期随访的临床症状及血流动力学指标均较术前明显改善,有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),而远期随访与术后即刻相近似(P＞0.05)；且无严重并发症及再狭窄发生。结论：风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并三尖瓣狭窄患者,行经皮球囊成形术后,术后即刻及远期疗效均好,值得临床推广。     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术和血栓前状态

目的：探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）前后血栓前状态与血液动力学的变化。　　方法：对２０ 例有症状的风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者根据其心律情况分为窦性心律组（ｎ＝ ８）,和心房颤动心律组（ｎ＝ １２）,并施行ＰＢＭＶ,观察ＰＢＭＶ前后血液流变学和血液动力学参数。同时选择２０名正常人作为正常对照（正常对照组）。　　结果：在ＰＢＭＶ后血液动力学参数发生变化的同时纤维蛋白原（Ｆｂｇ）显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。左心房血液成份在心房颤动心律组与窦性心律组之间有明显差异（Ｐ＜ ０．０５～０．０１）,其中Ｄ－二聚体和全血粘度的低切变差异最显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。　　结论：风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者存在血栓前状态基础和血液动力学异常,尤其是心房颤动者,应常规使用抗凝药     

Echocardiography in Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty (BV) has been used successfully in recent years for the relief of mitral stenosis, and in many instances, as an alternative to cardiac surgery. This procedure requires precise evaluation of both valve morphology and function for preprocedure decision making and follow-up of patients. Two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography is a unique, noninvasive tool for evaluating morphologic characteristics of valve, subvalvular apparatus, and valve annular size. Doppler echocardiogarphy provides functional information on transvalvular flow velocity, which can be used to derive pressure gradient across valve and regurgitant flow. Mitral valve area can be either obtained from 2-D echocardiography or derived from Doppler pressure half time. Echocardiography is currently the most widely used technique for assessing results of percutaneous BV. More recently, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has been used for the evaluation of patients undergoing percutaneous mitral BV in whom left atrial thrombus is suspected and for the intraoperative monitoring of the valvuloplasty procedure. In this article we discuss the advantages and limitations of both transthoracic echocardiography and TEE, its recent developments in monitoring the procedure, evaluation of immediate results and long term follow-up after the valvuloplasty procedure, and its clinical utility in the selection of patients for percutaneous BV.     

经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术的临床随访研究

目的：评价经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）的临床随访结果。方法：追踪观察１４３例ＰＢＭＶ病人并行彩色多普勒超声心动图检查。将病人分为超声积分≤８和积分＞８两组。描述全部及两组病人５年无事件生存分布。结果：全部病人５年无事件生存率为６９．６０±６．７８％。积分≤８组的生存分布好于积分＞８组（Ｐ＜０．００５）。单因素分析证实窦性心律、无外科分离术史、积分≤８、术前二尖瓣口面积＞１．００ｃｍ２和术后即刻效果良好者无事件生存率较高。结论：多数ＰＢＭＶ病人远期效果良好，积分≤８、窦性心律、无外科分离术史者可能为ＰＢＭＶ最佳适应证。     

Balloon Mitral and Aortic Valvuloplasty in Mirror-Image Dextrocardia

Three patients of mirror-image dextrocardia were subjected to balloon valvuloplasty at our institute. One patient had severe pliable rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS), another had severe calcific rheumatic MS and the third had moderate rheumatic MS and severe rheumatic aortic stenosis (AS). Necessary modifications in the standard septal puncture technique, Inoue mitral valvuloplasty technique, and Cribier aortic valvuloplasty technique were done keeping unusual anatomy of mirror-image dextrocardia in account to dilate mitral and aortic stenosis successfully. Acute hemodynamic results were satisfactory and no complications encountered. This report illustrates feasibility and safety of balloon mitral and aortic valvuloplasty in the complex cardiac anatomy of situs inversus totalis.     

重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房附壁血栓患者的经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术

对重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左心房附壁血栓的6例患者进行了经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术（PBMV）。结果均获得成功，无一例发生血栓栓塞性并发症，二尖瓣口面积由0．58±0．15cm2扩大到1．56±0．24cm2（P＜0．01），左房平均压由3．37±0．89kPa降至2．08±0．83kPa（P＜0．01），二尖瓣最大跨瓣压差由4．01±1．95kPa降至2．13±0．91kPa（P＜0．01）。心功能由Ⅳ级提高到Ⅲ级4例，Ⅱ级1例，Ⅲ级提高到Ⅱ级1例。我们认为，对已不能耐受外科手术的重度二尖瓣狭窄合并左房心耳部和侧壁的附壁血栓患者，在积极正确的术前准备、掌握好时机和操作熟练的前提下仍可进行PBMV。     

In-hospital and Readmission Outcomes With Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is primarily performed for rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). Therefore, limited data exist on PBMV in countries with a low incidence of rheumatic disease. Using the Nationwide Readmission Database, we examined trends in in-hospital mortality and 30-day readmission among patients who received PBMV for rheumatic and non-rheumatic MS. We also examined the change in 90-day hospitalization rate before vs after PBMV. Between 2016 and 2019, there were 1109 hospitalizations in which patients received PBMV for rheumatic (n = 955, 86.1%) vs non-rheumatic MS (n = 154, 13.9%). The all-cause in-hospital mortality for rheumatic and non-rheumatic MS did not change over time (0.9% → 2.0%, P = 0.94, and 5.9% → 9.5%, P = 0.09 respectively). Similarly, the 30-day readmission for patients with rheumatic and non-rheumatic MS did not change over time (12.4% → 9.9%, P = 0.26, and 4.4% → 10.5%, P = 0.30, respectively). The 90-day all-cause hospitalization rate remained the same before vs after PBMV for rheumatic and non-rheumatic MS (25.5% → 21.8%; P = 0.14, and 24.0% → 33.7%; P = 0.19, respectively). Although no statistically significant change was noted over time for trends in in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, or even in the change in 90-day all-cause hospitalizations before and after PBMV for both types of MS, among those with non-rheumatic MS, there was a signal of an increase in the in-hospital mortality, and 30-day readmission, even more, there was 29% relative increase in 90-day hospitalizations after PBMV. Future studies are needed to examine the role of PBMV in patients with non-rheumatic MS.     

Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty as an Outpatient Procedure Using Inoue Balloon Technique

Objective: To evaluate the safety and feasibility of mitral balloon valvuloplasty (MBV) as an outpatient procedure. Background: MBV is usually done as an inpatient procedure, requiring 3–4 days of hospital admission. Only one report is available about MBV as a day case procedure in the English literature. Methods: Between October 1994 and December 1996, 128 patients underwent MBV using an Inoue balloon. Of those, 31 patients (Group I) had the procedure as outpatients and 97 patients (Group II) as inpatients. Their mean age in Group I was 29 ± 9 years and in Group II 32 ± 10 years (P < 0.3). Atrial fibrillation was present in 4 patients in Group I and in 13 patients in Group II (P < 0.99). Results: Hemodynamic study revealed that mitral valve area increased from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 1.9 ± 0.5 cm²* in Group I and from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 1.7 ± 0.5 cm²* in Group II, Left atrial pressure decreased from 24 ± 5 to 15 ±6 mm Hg* in Group I and 24 ± 6 to 16 ± 5 mmHg in Group II.* Mitral valve gradient decreased from 15 + 5 to 5 + 2 mmHg in Group I and 15 + 5 to 6 + 3 mmHg in Group II* (*P < 0.001). Patients in Group I stayed in the Preadmission Unit for a mean period of 9.5 ± 2.5 hours. Patients in Group II stayed for a mean of 2.5 days in the hospital. Severe mitral regurgitation developed in one patient in each Group and needed semiurgent mitral valve replacement without sequela. No death, convulsions, or thromboembolism were encountered, and three patients in both Groups developed minor hematoma and needed no additional treatment. Conclusion: MBV as an outpatient procedure is feasible and safe and could significantly decrease the cost of medical care.     

Transesophageal Echocardiography in Candidates for Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Prior to percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV), mitral valve morphology and the presence of left atrial thrombi are usually evaluated by transthoracic two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography (TTE). This study analyzes the impact of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in addition to TTE on the selection of candidates considered for PBMV for mitral stenosis. Seventy-five patients with severe mitral stenosis who were considered as appropriate candidates for PBMV based on TTE findings were studied. In 19 (25%) patients, TEE revealed findings that were essential for PBMV but were missed by TTE: left atrial thrombi (n = 14; including 13 in left atrial appendage), right atrial thrombus (n = 1), incomplete cor triatriatum (n = 1) and mitral valve vegetation (n = 1). In two other patients, a left atrial thrombus had been suspected by TTE but could be excluded by TEE. TEE and TTE revealed similar scores of thickening, calcification, and mobility of the mitral valve. Compared to TTE, thickening of the subvalvular apparatus was graded lower using horizontal plane TEE due to shadowing by the mitral valve (echo score 1.8 ± 0.8 vs 1.4 ± 0.7; P < 0.05) whereas results from longitudinal plane TEE were similar to TTE findings. The data show that due to the high prevalence of left atrial thrombi, TEE should be performed in addition to TTE in all patients prior to PBMV.     

Very Long Term Follow-Up After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess very long term outcomes after successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV).

经皮腔内球囊二尖瓣成形术后再狭窄的研究进展

198 4年日本心外科医生 Inoue等 [1] 首次报道经皮腔内球囊二尖瓣成形术 ( PTBMV)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄 ( RMS)成功。 PTBMV机制是使二尖瓣交界的粘连融合处裂开 ,而对瓣体损伤小[2 ] 。因此 PTBMV是可行的。同时由于 PTBMV与外科手术相比具有花费低 ,死亡率低 ,并发症少 ,感染机会少 ,栓塞率低等优点 [3] ,近来 ,它已成为代替部分外科的良好方法 [4 ]。PTBMV近期疗效满意 ,成功率为 93% [1,3]以上 ,而远期效果的研究有限 [5]。关于 PTBMV术后再狭窄 ( RS)的研究则更少 ,因此有必要长期密切随访患者 ,观测RS情况。本文就此…     

经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术的并发症及其处理

采用Inoue球囊法进行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄病人共300例，术后左房平均压由3．26±1．14kPa（1kPa＝7．5mmHg）降至1．33±0．89kPa，跨瓣压差由2．41±0．93kPa降至0．44±0．39kPa，二尖瓣口面积由1．03±0．23cm2增至2．09±0．38cm2；无一例死亡，53例出现不同的并发症，包括急性心包填塞5例（1．7％），二尖瓣反流（≥2级）9例（3％），肢体动脉栓塞1例（0．3％），房间隔水平分流14例（4．7％），并发症中仅6例因病情严重而需外科手术处理。本文对各种并发症的发生，预防和应急处理措施进行了讨论。     

妊娠并风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者经皮球囊成形术疗效观察

S 目的:探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV)在妊娠合并风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄患者中的安全性、可行性及术后对妊娠的影响。